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Heating systems: single-pipe, double-pipe.

Nowadays, houses are installed 2 different systems heating: single-pipe or two-pipe. Each has its own design features. Two-pipe heating systems are the most popular.

Nowadays, 2 different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe, and each has its own characteristics.

Single pipe heating system

To understand what it looks like, look at the ring with the stone. In the heating system, the role of stone is played by the boiler. What about the ring, these are pipes of a specific diameter that run along the perimeter of the entire building. Radiators are connected to them. Water and sometimes antifreeze are often used as coolant. The functionality of a single-pipe heating system is based on the gradual release of heat by water. After passing through the ring, the water returns to the boiler at a lower temperature.

This circuit usually has natural coolant circulation. Hot water first served on the top floor. And then, passing through the radiators, the released part of the heat descends to the boiler, achieving complete circulation. A single-pipe heating system can be supplemented with elements:

thermostatic valves;
radiator regulators;
balancing valves;
ball valves.

Thanks to them, it becomes more balanced and it becomes possible to change the temperature in certain radiators.

Distinctive features of the heating system

The biggest advantage is electrical independence, and the disadvantage is the pipes, which large diameter and the wiring is done at an angle.

Compared to the two-pipe option, there are quite a few advantages:

pipes can be diverted to the “warm floor” system or heating radiators can be connected;
it can be carried out regardless of the layout of the room;
it covers the entire perimeter with a closed ring;
it is less material-intensive and has a lower cost.

During use, difficulties may sometimes arise with circulation through the pipes, but this is easily solved by installing pump equipment. It produces proper circulation of coolant through the pipes.

A vertical single-pipe circuit is a popular example of wiring in apartment buildings.

But horizontal is used mainly for heating large rooms and is used very rarely in private buildings (mainly in small one-story houses). Here the supply pipe bypasses the heating devices, which are on the same level. The water in each radiator cools down and, approaching the last heating devices, becomes significantly cooled. This scheme will help reduce installation and piping costs, but has two disadvantages.

Firstly, this is a problem with heat regulation in any heating device. You cannot increase heat transfer, reduce it, or turn off the radiator. In installation practice, there is a jumper - a bypass, which allows you to turn off the radiator without turning off the system. Heating of the room is carried out indirectly through a riser or supply pipes. Another drawback is that you need to use radiators of the most different sizes. In order for the heat transfer to be the same, the first heating device must be very small, and the last one must be large. A horizontal single-pipe heating circuit is also used.

Two pipe system

There are several types of it. The principle of operation is the same and is as follows. Hot water rises through the riser and flows from it into the radiators. And from them, through highways and return lines, it enters the pipeline, then into the heating device. With this system, the radiator is served by two pipes simultaneously: return and supply, which is why it is called two-pipe. The water in this system is supplied directly from the water supply. She needs an expansion tank, which can be either simple or with water circulation.

The simple one includes a container with 2 pipes. One is a water supply riser, and the second is used to drain excess liquid.

More complex design has 4 pipes. 2 pipes provide circulation, and 2 others are needed for control and overflow, they also monitor the water level in the tank.

Two-pipe systems can be operated using a circulation pump. Depending on the circulation method, it can be with a passing flow or dead-end. In the second movement warm water completely opposite to the direction of the already cooled one. This scheme is characterized by the length of the circulation rings, which depends on the distance heating device to the boiler. The circulation rings are of equal length in systems with one-way water movement, all devices and risers operate under equal conditions.

A two-pipe heating system has a large set of advantages compared to a single-pipe one:

the ability to distribute heat supply in different rooms;
can be used on one floor;
the shut-off systems for the return and supply risers are located in the basement - this significantly saves living space;
minimizing heat loss.

The only drawback is the considerable consumption of materials: you need 2 times more pipes than for a single-pipe connection. Another disadvantage is the low water pressure in the supply line: taps will be needed to bleed air.

A horizontal closed two-pipe circuit comes with lower and upper wiring. The advantage of lower wiring: sections of the system can be put into operation gradually, as floors are built. The vertical two-pipe scheme can be used in houses with variable number of storeys. Any of the varieties of two-pipe circuits is more expensive than single-pipe horizontal wiring; for the sake of comfort and design, it is worth giving preference to the two-pipe circuit.

One-pipe and two-pipe systems: comparison

Single-pipe systems, unlike two-pipe systems, do not have return risers. The coolant from the boiler, under the influence of circulation pressure or a pump, enters the upper heating devices. Cooling down, it returns back to the supply riser and goes down. The radiators located below receive a mixture of coolant from the riser and from the upper radiators. Passing through all radiators and other heat consumers, the coolant returns again to the boiler, where the process is repeated again. The temperature of the coolant decreases as it passes in a circle, and therefore the lower the radiator is, the larger the heating surface should be.

For single-pipe systems there are 2 schemes. This is a flow-through and mixed scheme. The flow circuit has a peculiarity - the complete absence of jumpers between the supply and the outlet from the radiator. These schemes are almost never used when installing heating systems due to their impracticality. One battery breaks, and you need to turn off the riser, because there is no way to bypass the coolant. The advantage of single-pipe systems is the lower cost of building materials and ease of installation. Installation of single-pipe systems requires top wiring.

A two-pipe heating system can be used in any building: multi-story, single-story, etc. A two-pipe heating system is easy to implement with conventional circulation, since its configuration makes it possible to organize the circulation pressure; do not forget that the boiler must be installed below the level of the radiators. You can organize a heating system with forced circulation, simply by placing a circulation pump in the circuit.

If it is possible to implement a ring circuit, then we need to do it. A two-pipe system usually needs to be installed where there are difficulties with gas, power outages, etc. Enough for this system solid fuel boiler and larger diameter pipes. Brought firewood or coal, and you don’t have to worry about frost.

Methods for installing heating systems

Installation methods depend on the characteristics of the system.

Price installation work heating is determined by the characteristics of a particular project, and everything can be calculated only by specialists with experience in such work.

If you need to install heating with regular circulation, installing a system with a top spill will be effective. The water circulates through the pipes on its own. Systems with bottom spill do not provide efficient work without circulation pump.

Scheme of collector (radial) wiring of the heating system.

Installation methods are also classified:

by type of wiring (collector, radial);
by the number of risers;
by type of pipe connection (side or bottom).

Heating installation with bottom connection pipes are the most popular. It becomes possible not to run the pipeline directly along the walls, but to hide it under the floor or baseboard. Achieved aesthetic appearance premises.

The main classification of installation methods is carried out completely depending on the diagram. You can install a two-pipe heating system or install a single-pipe heating system. In the second case, water flows through a pipeline through radiators, cooling along the way. The last radiator will be colder than the first. With a two-pipe system, 2 pipes are connected to the radiators: return and direct. This allows you to create the same temperature of the radiators. The first option is the simplest and cheapest, due to the low cost of materials. But it is only effective in small houses. If your house is over 100 square meters or has more than 1 floor, it is better to install two-pipe heating.

The two-pipe system gives an excellent choice of ways to install radiators:

serial connection;
parallel connection;
lateral one-way connection;
diagonal connection.

Depending on the location of the supply risers, there are certain methods for installing autonomous heating:

Heating with horizontal wiring.
Heating with vertical wiring.
Heating without risers with supply and return lines.

A one-pipe system is cheaper. If you care about the quality of the heating system, there is no need to waste money on two-pipe wiring, since we get the ability to control the heat in the rooms.

Almost all heating systems currently available in any buildings and structures can be classified into one of the two classes mentioned in the title of this article.

The question of whether a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is better can only be answered by carefully understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options considered.

Characteristics of a single-pipe home heating system

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously.

Single-pipe CO has all the basic elements inherent in any heating system. The main ones are:

A heating boiler that runs on any type of fuel that is most available at the location of the heated building. This can be a gas boiler, solid fuel boiler or designed to operate on liquid fuel. The type of fuel used by the boiler does not have any effect on the heating circuit;
Pipes through which the coolant circulates;
Shut-off equipment for various purposes(latches, valves);
Heating appliances and thermometers;
Valves for bleeding air. Placed on radiators (Maevsky taps) and at the top point of the CO;
Drain tap (at the lowest point of CO);
Expansion tank of open or closed type.

Advantages of using single pipe systems

The difference between a one-pipe heating system and a two-pipe one is that the first is by far the simplest and in an effective way heating buildings up to 150 m2.

Installation of a circulation pump and the use of modern technical solutions make it possible to guarantee the required temperature parameters in heated rooms. Therefore, answering the question of whether to choose a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system, among the undeniable advantages of the first system it should be noted:

Versatility of installation. Such a system can be installed in a building of any configuration, and a closed loop guarantees the movement of the coolant along the entire perimeter of the heated premises.
Unlike two-pipe, single-pipe CO can be installed in such a way that heating of the premises begins from the coldest side of the building (north), regardless of where the boiler is installed, or from the most important rooms (children's room, bedroom, etc.).

To install the system you need minimum quantity pipes and shut-off and control equipment, complete installation CO is completed in much less time than CO with two pipes. All this allows you to get serious savings in funds allocated for construction work.

The system allows the installation of pipes directly on the floor or under it, which allows you to implement any design solutions in the premises.

The scheme provides for serial and parallel connection of heating devices, which makes it possible to control the temperature in them and regulate it;

If certain installation requirements are met, the system can be made in a non-volatile version. In the event that the pump stops due to a power failure, the coolant supply line is switched to a parallel branch. In this case, CO, from the version with forced circulation (PC), switches to natural circulation (EC).

Disadvantages inherent in the specified CO option

Two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house? When assessing the pros and cons, it should be taken into account that the main disadvantage of single-pipe CO is the fact that the heating devices are connected in series. And this, during operation, eliminates the possibility of effectively adjusting the temperature in one of them, without it affecting the remaining radiators.

The factor influencing the choice of whether a two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house will be installed at your facility; do not forget about the disadvantage of the latter, such as increased pressure in the system compared to the two-pipe option. This can be achieved by increasing the power of the circulation pump installed in the system, which entails an increase in operating costs and increases the likelihood of leaks, and also requires more frequent addition of coolant to the system.

The system requires vertical filling. And this automatically determines the location of the expansion tank attic space and, accordingly, solving the issue of its insulation.

If such a system is installed in a two-story building, then another problem arises. The temperature of the water entering the first floor may differ by almost 50% from that initially supplied to the second floor. To avoid this, it is necessary to install additional jumpers on each floor, and the number of sections of heating devices on the first floor should significantly exceed that installed on the second.

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? We have already considered the first one. Let's look at the second one.

Such a system a priori implies the presence of two pipelines located around the perimeter of the heated room. Radiators are inserted between them, which dampen pressure drops and create hydraulic jumpers. However, the problems created by this can be leveled out due to the correct configuration of the CO.

Two-pipe systems can be vertical and horizontal, depending on the location of the supply and return (parallel to the ceilings or perpendicular to them). However, it should be understood that the circuit installed in apartment buildings is essentially a horizontal two-pipe CO system.
A two-pipe vertical one will be obtained in the case when the radiators are installed not in the gaps of the risers (as in the case described above), but between the supply and return.
Associated and dead-end SOs. The first type includes systems in which hot water, passing through the radiator, moves in the same direction along the return line. If after the heating device the direction of movement of the coolant changes, the system is classified as a dead end.
The required option is selected taking into account the presence of CO pipes on the line doorways, which are quite difficult to bypass, it is easier to return the water in the direction in which it came.
With bottom and top filling.
With natural (EC) and forced (PC) circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Schemes of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are compared according to their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the second system are:

The supply of coolant to all heating devices at the same temperature, which allows you to set your own required temperature for a specific room;
Lower pressure losses in the lines, which allows the use of a lower power pump (saving operating costs);
The system allows installation in buildings of any size and number of floors;
The presence of shut-off valves allows for maintenance and repair without stopping the entire CO.

Today, several heating systems are known. Conventionally, they are divided into two types: single-pipe and double-pipe. To determine better system heating systems, you need to have a good understanding of how they work. With this you can easily make the choice of the most suitable heating system, taking into account all the positive and negative qualities. Except technical characteristics When selecting, you must also take into account your financial capabilities. And yet, is a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system better and more efficient?

Here are all the parts that are installed in each system. The most important are:

Positive and negative properties of a single-pipe system

It consists of one horizontal collector and several heating batteries, connected to the collector by two connections. Part of the coolant moving through the main pipe enters the radiator. Here, heat is transferred, the room is heated and the liquid is returned back to the collector. The next battery receives liquid whose temperature is slightly lower. This continues until the last radiator is filled with coolant.

Main hallmark A one-pipe system is the absence of two pipelines: return and supply. This is the main advantage.

There is no need to lay two highways. It will take a lot less pipes, and installation will be simpler. There is no need to break through walls or make additional fastenings. It would seem that the cost of such a scheme is much lower. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.

Modern fittings allow for automatic adjustment heat transfer of each individual battery. To do this, it is necessary to install special thermostats with a large flow area.

However, they will not help get rid of the main drawback associated with the cooling of the coolant after it enters the next battery. Because of this, the heat transfer of the radiator included in the overall chain decreases. To retain heat, it is necessary to increase the battery power by adding additional sections. This type of work increases the cost of the heating system.

If you make the connection of the device and the main line from pipes of the same diameter, the flow will be divided into two parts. But this is unacceptable, since the coolant will begin to cool quickly when it enters the first radiator. In order for the battery to be filled with at least a third of the coolant flow, it is necessary to increase the size of the common collector by approximately 2 times.

What if the collector is installed in a large two-story house with an area exceeding 100 m2? For normal coolant passage, pipes with a diameter of 32 mm must be laid throughout the circle. To install such a system, large financial investments will be required.

To create water circulation in a private one-story house, you need to equip the single-pipe heating system with an accelerating vertical collector, the height of which must exceed 2 meters. It is installed after the boiler. There is only one exception and that is pumping system, equipped with a wall-mounted boiler, which is suspended on required height. Pump and everything additional elements also lead to higher prices for single-pipe heating.

Individual construction and single-pipe heating

The installation of such heating, which has a single main riser in a one-story building, eliminates the serious disadvantage of this scheme, uneven heating. If something similar is done in a multi-story building, the heating of the upper floors will be noticeably greater than the heating of the lower floors. As a result, an unpleasant situation will arise: it is very hot above, and cold below. A private cottage usually has 2 floors, so installing such a heating scheme will allow you to heat the entire house evenly. It won't be cold anywhere.

Two-pipe heating system

The operation of such a system differs somewhat from the scheme described above. The coolant moves along the riser, entering each device through outlet pipes. Then it returns through the return pipe to the main pipeline, and from there it is transported to the heating boiler.

To ensure the functionality of such a scheme, two pipes are connected to the radiator: through one the main supply of coolant is carried out, and through the other it returns to the common line. That is why they began to call it two-pipe.

The installation of pipes is carried out along the entire perimeter of the heated building. Radiators are installed between pipes to dampen pressure surges and form hydraulic bridges. Such work creates additional difficulties, but they can be reduced by creating the right diagram.

Two-pipe systems are divided into types:

Key Benefits

What positive qualities have such systems? Installation of such a heating system makes it possible to achieve uniform heating of each battery. The temperature in the building will be the same on all floors.

If you attach a special thermostat to the radiator, you can independently regulate the desired temperature in the building. These devices do not have any effect on the heat transfer of the battery.

The two-pipe piping makes it possible to maintain the pressure value when the coolant moves. It does not require the installation of an additional high-power hydraulic pump. Water circulation occurs due to gravitational force, in other words, by gravity. If the pressure is poor, you can use pumping unit low power, which does not require special maintenance and is quite economical.

If you use shut-off equipment, various valves and bypasses, you will be able to install systems in which it becomes possible to repair only one radiator without turning off the heating of the entire house.

Another advantage of two-pipe piping is the ability to use any direction of hot water.

Operating principle of the passing circuit

In this case, the movement of water through the return and main pipes occurs along the same path. In a dead-end circuit - in different directions. When the water in the system is in the same direction and the radiators have the same power, excellent hydraulic balancing is obtained. This eliminates the use of battery valves for pre-setting.

With different power radiators, it becomes necessary to calculate the heat loss of each individual radiator. To normalize the operation of heating devices, you will need to install thermostatic valves. This is difficult to do on your own without specific knowledge.

Hydraulic gravity flow is used when installing a long pipeline. In short systems, a dead-end coolant circulation pattern is created.

How is a two-pipe system maintained?

In order for the service to be high-quality and professional, it is necessary to perform a whole range of operations:

adjustment;
balancing;
setting.

To adjust and balance the system, special pipes are used. They are installed at the very top of the system and at its lowest point. The air is discharged after opening the upper pipe, and the lower outlet is used to drain the water.

Excess air accumulated in the batteries is released using special taps.

To adjust the system pressure, a special container is installed. Air is pumped into it with a conventional pump.

Using special regulators that help reduce the water pressure into a specific radiator, a two-pipe heating system is configured. After redistributing the pressure, the temperature in all radiators is equalized.

How can you make a two-pipe from a single pipe?

Since the main difference between these systems is the separation of streams, this modification is quite simple. It is necessary to lay another pipeline parallel to the existing main. Its diameter should be one size smaller. Next to the last device, the end of the old collector is cut off and tightly closed. The remaining section is connected in front of the boiler directly to the new pipeline.

A passing water circulation pattern is formed. The exiting coolant must be directed through a new pipeline. For this purpose, the supply pipes of all radiators must be reconnected. That is, disconnect from the old collector and connect to the new one, according to the diagram:

The remodeling process can present additional challenges. For example, there will be no space to lay a second highway, or it will be very difficult to break through the ceiling.

That is why, before embarking on such a reconstruction, you need to think through all the details. future work. It may be possible to adjust a one-pipe system without making any alterations.

You can decide which heating system is better, single-pipe or double-pipe, after analyzing the design features, pros and cons of each option. In any case, a verdict must be made at the construction design stage. - This is a rather complex structure. Redo it after finishing finishing works difficult and sometimes impossible. Let's look at the differences between two different approaches to arranging the heating of buildings using boilers, batteries and piping.

This option is used in cases where it is necessary to carry out communications quickly and at minimal cost.

It is used in residential, private and industrial construction. A special feature of this solution is the absence of a return water supply line. The batteries are connected in series, assembly is carried out in a short time and does not require complex preliminary calculations.

How does a single-pipe line work?

In such designs, the coolant is supplied to the top point and flows down, sequentially passing through heating elements. When settling in multi-storey building It is practiced to install an intermediate pump that creates the necessary pressure in the supply pipe to push hot water through a closed circuit.

Given the small height of the house and a limited number of heat consumers, water circulation occurs quite efficiently.

Vertical and horizontal schemes

The construction of a single-pipe main is carried out in vertical and horizontal orientation. Vertical wiring is installed in buildings with two or more floors. The coolant is supplied to the radiators, starting from the top. Horizontal heating mains are most often used for arranging single-level buildings - houses, cottages, warehouses, offices and other commercial facilities.

The pipeline layout assumes a horizontal riser arrangement with its sequential supply to the batteries.

Pros and cons

The single-pipe version of the heating main design has the following advantages:

Installation is carried out quickly, which is important when modern requirements pace of construction. Besides this, appearance a single-pipe manifold with a height of several meters outperforms complex system from two lines.
Small budget. Cost calculations show that a minimum number of pipes, fittings and fittings are required for construction.
If consumers are installed on bypass, then it becomes possible to regulate the heat balance separately in each room.
The use of modern shut-off devices makes it possible to modernize and improve the highway. This allows you to replace radiators, insert devices, and other improvements without a long shutdown of the system and draining water from it.

This design also has its disadvantages:

The sequential arrangement of the batteries does not exclude the possibility of adjusting the heating temperature in them individually. This entails cooling of all other radiators.
Limited number of batteries per line. It is not advisable to place more than 10 of them, since at the lower levels the temperature will be lower than permissible.
The need to install a pump. This event requires additional financial investment. The power plant can cause water hammer and damage to lines.
In a private house, you will need to install an expansion tank with a valve to bleed air. And this requires a place and insulation measures.

Two-pipe heating system

This design has a more complex structure, but is also effective and functional.

The invested funds are compensated by the comfort for people, ease of maintenance and modernization.

Operating principle and operating diagram

They consist of two risers and radiators located between them, heated floors and other heat consumers. The supply is carried out along one line, and the cooled liquid is returned to the boiler along the return line. That is why such structures are called two-pipe.

Classification: bottom and top wiring

There are two types of systems based on the location of the highways. The choice is made based on the structural features and the possibility of allocating space for additional equipment. Two-pipe communications are classified into vertical for high-rise buildings and horizontal for one-story buildings.

Based on the location of the piping, the systems are divided into upper and lower, regardless of where the radiators are installed.

With the upper option, the entire interchange is arranged in the attic or technical floor of the building. At the same time, an expansion tank is installed, which is carefully insulated. After the boiler, a pump is installed that supplies coolant to the upper level.

In the case of bottom wiring, the hot riser is located above the return. The heating boiler is installed in the basement or on the first floor with a recess below the floor. An upper air line is connected to the pipeline to bleed air from the radiators.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the two-pipe design are as follows:

The simultaneous transfer of coolant to consumers allows you to regulate the temperature individually in each room. If necessary, radiators are completely closed if the room long time don't use it.
The ability to remove individual devices for repair or replacement without turning off the heat supply to the remaining batteries. For this purpose they are used ball valves, with the help of which the flow of water at the inlet and outlet of the radiator is blocked.
No installation needed centrifugal pump. Water rises upward from the boiler due to the difference in temperature at the inlet and outlet.
Selecting a passing or dead-end design option. This makes it possible to balance the heat distribution without making constant adjustments and adjustments.

The design disadvantages are:

Use of more pipes and components during construction. This leads to more complex construction, increased financial and time costs.
Cost increases if the line is made of steel or aluminum. Use of reinforced polypropylene pipes significantly reduces the construction budget.
Not everyone likes the abundance of communications in the interior. They can be hidden in walls or boxes. And this is - additional costs and difficulties with maintenance.

Which is better?

What to choose: a one- or two-pipe design is up to the master to decide individually. Each of them has its own positive and negative properties associated with the design, construction, routine maintenance and improvements.

For small house up to three floors high, an option with one riser can be ideal solution, when at minimum investment high-quality results are achieved. But, it should be remembered that in such cases the installation process becomes significantly more difficult. additional equipment and replacement of worn-out radiators.

How to convert a one-pipe into two?

A two-pipe system is much more efficient in many respects. makes the process of its construction simple and inexpensive. The alteration will not be difficult, but it will require sacrificing the repairs carried out, since you will have to install and gradually build up a return riser and attach batteries to it.

Another option is to install bypasses on the consumers closest to the boiler in order to reduce their temperature and increase the flow of coolants to the final radiators.

If you have experience in this area, please share it. You will provide a valuable service to craftsmen who have not yet made a choice in favor of one or another heating option for their home.

IN residential buildings For a comfortable stay, high-quality communications are necessary, including those intended for heating. They are divided into two large groups- single-pipe and double-pipe. The first ones are much simpler and cheaper. Hot water is supplied and discharged through one pipeline to all heating devices connected to the system in series. Single pipe system is ideal for one-story house with a small area without a basement.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

Despite the higher installation cost, systems with two pipelines are used more often, as they are suitable for buildings of any number of floors and configurations. It should be borne in mind that the decision to install such heating is best made at the construction stage. Although the possibility of installation in a finished house cannot be ruled out.

The two-pipe system received this name due to the fact that the coolant One pipe is supplied to the radiators, and the other is removed. Heating devices are connected in parallel, and the temperature in them does not depend on the distance to the collector or boiler.

The main advantages of a two-pipe system:

All heating devices receive coolant from the same temperature;
it is possible to install thermostats on radiators, allowing you to regulate the temperature of the coolant;
the failure of one heating device does not in any way affect the operation of the others;
can be used in houses with any number of floors.

The disadvantages include:

many pipes and connecting elements;
quite complicated installation;
higher cost than a single pipe system.

Varieties of a two-pipe system

Two-pipe heating can be with natural and forced circulation of coolant, with vertical or horizontal wiring. There are various installation schemes for one-story, two-story and multi-story buildings.

Vertical two-pipe distribution in a one-story house

The main advantage of such a system is the ability to install pipes of the same diameter and high blood pressure due to the difference in supply and return levels. The main circumstance that may not suit you is the need to install an expansion tank in an unheated attic. But this drawback can be eliminated if the tank is moved to a heated area.

Those who choose overhead wiring most likely do not care about the location of the pipes under the ceiling. In this case, the supply pipe can be placed above the windows, and the tank under the ceiling. But it should be taken into account that it may circulation rate will decrease due to a decrease in the length of the riser. With this scheme, the pipes will be above the windows in all rooms without exception.

If the distance from the top of the window to the ceiling is too small, then next to the riser you can make a cutout in the ceiling so that the tank remains in a heated room. Only its upper part will have to be insulated. In this case, the riser will be longer. But it will be impossible to take away process water, since the expansion tank cannot be combined with consumables.

When using two pipelines, the return line is installed near the floor or under the floor. But when installing under the floor, connecting elements cannot be used. They raise the likelihood of a leak.

Pipes above the windows or under the ceiling spoil the appearance of the premises. In addition, some heat is lost through the ceiling. Therefore, there is a scheme with a supply pipeline under the radiators. But the main ones disadvantages of upper wiring it doesn't fix it.

When the coolant enters from above, there are practically no air jams, since the pressure in the riser is quite high. If you include a pump in the system, you can use pipes of minimal diameter.

Vertical two-pipe distribution in a two-story house

If the house has two floors, this scheme is more effective - circulation increases due to the large difference in height of the radiators on the second floor and the boiler located in basement. Hot water from the boiler enters a distribution tank in the attic or second floor, then is directed through an inclined pipeline to the heating devices. In this version expansion tank can be combined with a distribution unit designed for hot water supply. If you have a wood boiler, the house turns out to be completely independent from power outages.

In a two-story house, a combined system may turn out to be even more successful - a combination of a single-pipe and a two-pipe scheme. At the same time, it remains possible regulate temperature regime in all rooms.

Another option is to lay pipes on the second floor in the form warm floor. This part can be installed as a separate one-pipe system. If the supply pipe is directed from the boiler to the second floor, there is no need to slope the pipeline.

TO shortcomings upper wiring can be attributed to:

high pipe consumption;
problems when placing the expansion tank;
unaesthetic appearance of the premises;
additional costs for decorative finishing(to hide the pipes);
on the second floor the rooms are heated better;
it is not always possible to combine the expansion tank with the distribution tank;
cannot be installed in large areas.

But the upper distribution is often used because of the main advantage - the high speed of water circulation and the absence air jams.

Two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Horizontal wiring has two main features - increased pipeline diameter and its location at an angle relative to the plane. You can install a system with horizontal wiring and natural circulation or with a pump (with forced circulation). This scheme is chosen in houses with flat roof and a good basement.

When using horizontal wiring, the supply pipeline can be mounted at the same level as the radiators or even under them. The main disadvantage of such a system is frequent formation of air pockets, to eliminate which it is necessary to install Mayevsky taps on each heating device.

Advantages of bottom wiring:

high efficiency;
can be installed in an unfinished building;
you can turn off the top floor if it is temporarily not in use or is undergoing repairs;
all shut-off valves installed in one room;
The system is easily switched off and adjusted.

A system with bottom wiring can be with radiators installed in parallel or a collector system. In the second option, two pipelines depart from the collector to each radiator - supply and discharge. Premises warm up better but installation requires a large amount of pipe materials and connecting elements.

Installation features

When installing two-pipe heating, you must follow some rules:

If a collector is installed in the heating system, it must be installed in such a way that the distance from it to any radiator is the same. The material for the pipeline is selected depending on the preferences of the home owner and hydraulic calculations.

Wiring a heating system in a multi-storey building

IN multi-storey buildings most often combined heating systems- distribution to floors with two pipes, to apartments - with one. But sometimes there are other options.

The worst thing is if apartment building single-pipe wiring was used. The main disadvantage of such a system is large heat losses during transportation of coolant. Hot water moves from below, is distributed to all apartments and returns to the same pipeline. It usually turns out that the radiators are upper floors almost cold. It’s even worse if the system is simplified during installation - radiators are embedded in the pipeline, that is, they are elements of the pipeline. Residents of the first floors win. The coolant enters the top floors even colder than with a non-simplified scheme.

There is no point in talking about adjusting the temperature of radiators. If you change the supply parameters in one heating device, they will immediately change throughout the entire system. Besides, in case of an accident During the heating season, to change one radiator, you need to turn off the entire system and drain the water from it. To avoid this, special jumpers are used.

You can slightly improve heating performance with one pipe if you install radiators of different sizes- the first ones are small, the last ones are the largest. This can make heating more even. If the developer skimps on materials, after occupancy problems arise with the distribution of thermal energy, and the residents remain dissatisfied.

The two-pipe system is more convenient, as it allows you to keep the temperature at the same level in all heating devices. The water that has cooled in the radiators is returned through another pipeline. In addition, residents have the opportunity regulate temperature each heating device and install taps with thermostats. Another advantage is the ability to include radiators with bottom and side connections into the system.

Heating wiring diagram for a private house

The choice of heating wiring diagram primarily depends on number of storeys and area of the house. For example, in a one-story house with an area of less than 100 m2, no one will install two pipelines. Depending on the presence of a basement and attic, the owner will choose a single-pipe system with top or bottom wiring. If the boiler is installed in the basement, horizontal wiring is preferable. If there is no cellar, then the only option is vertical wiring.

If at home large area and two or three floors, then you definitely need to install heating with two pipelines, with vertical or horizontal wiring. Both options have both advantages and disadvantages. With vertical wiring, the temperature is evenly distributed across the heating devices, but you need a well-insulated attic. The advantages of horizontal wiring include the possibility of installing radiators with different connections and placing all control devices in one room. The main disadvantages of the horizontal system: high consumption of pipe materials, complex and time-consuming installation, impossibility of installing heating devices made of cast iron.

In small two-story houses Closed single-pipe vertical heating “Leningradka” is often installed. The pipeline is laid around the perimeter, a vertical riser is welded to the boiler, an expansion tank is installed in the attic, from which The coolant is distributed over the radiators. But the final choice of scheme depends entirely on the preferences of the home owners