Single-pipe and two-pipe heating. Schemes of a two-pipe heating system

All existing heating systems can be divided into two groups:

• single-pipe;
• two-pipe.

To answer the question: which heating system is better, one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to understand on what principle each of them works.

This will clearly indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and will also help to make the most optimal choice, both technically and from the point of view necessary funds To understand, a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is more suitable.

Videos about the types of heating systems can be easily found on the World Wide Web.

Advantages of a single-pipe heating system

• fewer materials and tools;
• hydrodynamic stability;
• less labor intensive design and installation;
• absence special requirements to infrastructure.

But with all these advantages, we can say with complete confidence that a single-pipe system is far from the best scheme by which heating can be implemented. Still main reason Why the one-pipe system has become widespread in our country is an undeniable saving of material.

Single-pipe heating system: operating principle

Such a system has one riser (main pipe). Through it, heated water (or any other coolant) rises to the upper floors of the building (if it is a multi-story building).

All heating devices (units for heat transfer - batteries or radiators) are connected in series to the downward line.

Modernization of single-pipe heating systems

A technical solution has been developed that makes it possible to regulate the operation of each individual heating device.

It consists of connecting special closing sections (bypasses), which make it possible to integrate radiator automatic thermostats into heating systems. What other benefits are possible when installing bypasses? We'll talk about this in more detail later.

The main advantage of this modernization is that in this case it becomes possible to regulate the heating temperature of each battery or radiator. In addition, you can completely shut off the coolant supply to the device.

Thanks to this, such a heating device can be repaired or replaced without shutting down the entire system.

The bypass is a bypass pipe equipped with valves or taps. If such fittings are correctly connected to the system, it will allow the water flow to be redirected along the riser, bypassing the heating device being repaired or replaced.

It is not difficult to understand that the task of installing such devices into a system with your own hands is hardly possible to solve, even if there is a detailed instructions. In this case, it is impossible to do without the participation of a specialist.

A heating system with one main riser must be equipped with heating devices that have improved reliability characteristics. Any devices in a single-pipe system must withstand increased pressure and high temperature.

Vertical and horizontal riser diagram

According to the implementation scheme itself, single-stack heating comes in two types:

• vertical;
• horizontal.

If heating appliances are connected from the top floor to the bottom, this is a vertical riser. If the batteries are connected in series to each other throughout all rooms of a building floor, this is a horizontal riser.

Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

• complexity of thermal and hydraulic calculation networks;
• difficulty in eliminating errors in the calculations of heating devices;
• interdependence of the operating characteristics of all devices on the network;
• increased hydrodynamic resistance;
• limiting the number of heating devices on one riser;
• inability to regulate batteries and radiators with regulators (pictured below)

Important!
If you connect more than ten heating devices (for example, eleven) to a vertical riser, then on the first radiator in the network the water temperature will be about 105 ° C, and on the last one - 45 ° C.

Single-stack heating in individual construction

If a heating system with one main riser is installed in a one-story building, then it will be possible to get rid of at least one significant shortcoming such a scheme – uneven heating.

If such heating is implemented in multi-storey building, then the upper floors will be heated much more intensively than the lower floors. This will lead to a situation where it is cold on the first floors of the house, and hot on the upper floors.

A private house (mansion, cottage) is rarely more than two or three floors high. Therefore, installing heating, the diagram of which was described above, does not threaten the fact that upper floors the temperature will be much higher than on the lower floors.

Two-pipe heating system: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a two-pipe manifold system

• It becomes possible to install automatic thermostats for radiators or radiators. In this case, such devices are provided at the system design stage;
• Pipes according to this scheme are distributed throughout the premises through a special collector system. If one of the elements in the system fails or begins to operate unstably, this does not in any way affect the operation of the remaining devices in the circuit;
• In other words, with a two-pipe system, the elements of the thermal circuit have parallel connection in contrast to sequential - with single-pipe.

The main disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

• heating becomes more complex according to the connection diagram;
• the price of the project requires more funds;
• installation of the circuit is more labor-intensive.

Where are two-pipe heating systems used:

• in individual housing construction;
• in so-called “elite” housing projects;
• high-rise buildings (with overhead wiring)

Important!
When designing buildings with more than 9-10 storeys, it is better to use either a single-pipe system with horizontal floor-to-floor wiring, or a two-pipe system with upper vertical wiring.
This will ensure better circulation.

Advantages of two-pipe collector heating

• reduced hydrodynamic resistance;
• possibility of independent temperature control in each room.

Before starting, the collector heating system requires careful pre-setting. For correct installation, installation and operation of a two-pipe system requires the availability of appropriate infrastructure.

Options for wiring diagrams of a two-pipe system

Upper wiring

A system with top wiring is suitable for natural circulation (without the use of pumps) (). It has lower hydrodynamic resistance. In this case, the upper supply main pipe is partially cooled. Due to this, additional coolant circulation pressure is generated.

Bottom wiring

In a system with bottom wiring, both the supply and discharge pipes are located nearby.

There are such modifications of the lower wiring:

So, is the heating system one-pipe or two-pipe? In each case it is necessary to have preliminary calculations and the project (see), on the basis of which both heating devices and the main pipes themselves will be selected (see). The final decision is yours.

Organizing the heating of a private home is not an easy job, requiring maximum attention to each stage. First of all, you need to decide which heating system to use: one-pipe or two-pipe? Your task is to choose the most effective option strapping, so as not to subsequently reap the fruits of your mistakes in the form of eternally cold ones. And in order to understand which of the systems is better, we will understand the technical nuances and operating principles of each, and also compare their pros and cons.

Distinctive features of a one-pipe system

Single-pipe piping operates on an extremely simple principle: water circulates through a closed system from the heating device to the heating radiators. IN in this case the equipment is united by one circuit. All technical units are connected in series by a common riser. In a private house, a hydraulic pump can be used to supply coolant - it creates the pressure in the system necessary to effectively push water through the riser. Depending on the installation option, the single-pipe system is divided into two types:

1. Vertical - involves connecting radiators to one vertical riser according to the “top to bottom” scheme. Based on the installation features, the system is only suitable for two or three-story private houses. But at the same time, the heating temperature on the floors may differ slightly.
2. Horizontal – provides serial connection batteries using a horizontal riser. Best option for a one-story house.

Important! There should be no more than 10 radiators per riser of a single-pipe system, otherwise extremely uncomfortable temperature contrasts in different zones heating

Pros and cons of a single-pipe system

When it comes to the advantages and disadvantages of single-pipe piping, everything is not so simple, therefore, in order to rationally evaluate the system, we will understand in detail the specifics of its pros and cons.

Among the obvious advantages:

• Cost-effective - assembling a one-pipe system does not require a large number of working materials. Saving on pipes and various auxiliary elements makes it possible to reduce financial costs for connection heating system.
• Easy to install - you only need to install one coolant line.

Single-pipe horizontal system heating

Disadvantages of single-pipe piping:

• Inability to monitor individual batteries – in basic version single-pipe piping does not allow you to separately regulate the supply of coolant to a specific radiator and adjust the temperature in different rooms.
• The interdependence of all elements - in order to repair or replace any device, it is necessary to completely turn off the heating system.

At the same time, if desired, the indicated shortcomings can be easily leveled with the help of closing devices - bypasses. They are jumpers with taps and valves that block the flow of coolant to a separate battery: if you need to repair any device, simply block the water supply to it and start repairing without fear of leakage necessary work– water will continue to circulate in normal mode common system heating, bypassing the blocked area. In addition, thermostats can be connected to the bypasses to control the operating power of each specific battery and separately regulate the room heating temperature.

Technical details of a two-pipe system

The two-pipe system operates according to a complicated scheme: first, the hot coolant is supplied through the first branch of the pipeline to the radiators, and then, when it has cooled down, the water flows back to the heater through the return branch. Thus, we have two fully functional pipes.

Like single-pipe piping, two-pipe piping can be made in two variations. So, depending on the connection characteristics heating equipment, the following types of heating systems are distinguished:

1. Vertical - all devices are connected by a vertical riser. The advantage of the system is the absence of air locks. The downside is the relatively high cost of connection.
2. Horizontal - all components of the heating system are connected to a horizontal riser. Due to its high functionality, the harness is suitable for one-story dwellings with a large heating area.

Advice. When installing a horizontal two-pipe system, it is necessary to install a special Mayevsky valve in each radiator - it will perform the function of bleeding air plugs.

In turn, the horizontal system is divided into two more subtypes:

1. With bottom wiring: hot and return branches are located in the basement or under the floor of the lower floor. Heating radiators should be located above the heater level - this improves coolant circulation. An overhead air line must be connected to the common circuit - it removes excess air from the network.
2. With overhead wiring: hot and return branches are laid in the upper part of the house, for example, in a well-insulated attic. The expansion tank is also located here.

Pros and cons of a two-pipe system

Two-pipe piping boasts a considerable list of advantages:

• Independence of system components - pipes are routed in a parallel manifold pattern, which ensures their isolation from each other.
• Uniform heating - coolant is supplied to all radiators, no matter where they are located, at the same temperature.

Two-pipe heating system

• There is no need to use a strong hydraulic pump - the coolant circulates through the two-pipe system by gravity thanks only to gravitational force, so there is no need to use powerful power for heating pumping equipment. And if there is a weak pressure of the water flow, you can connect the simplest pump.
• Possibility of “expanding” batteries - if necessary, after assembling the equipment, you can extend the existing horizontal or vertical piping, which is unrealistic with a single-pipe version of the heating system.

The two-pipe system also has disadvantages:

• Complicated connection diagram for heating equipment.
• Labor intensive installation.
• The high cost of organizing heating due to the large number of pipes and auxiliary devices.

Now you know the difference between single-pipe and two-pipe heating systems, which means it will be easier for you to decide in favor of one of them. Before making your final choice, carefully evaluate the technical and functional pros and cons of each of the harnesses - this way you will understand exactly what system is needed to heat your particular private home.

Connecting heating radiators: video

Heating system: photo

Today, several heating systems are known. Conventionally, they are divided into two types: single-pipe and double-pipe. To determine better system heating systems, you need to have a good understanding of how they work. With this you can easily make the choice of the most suitable heating system, taking into account all the positive and negative qualities. Except technical characteristics When selecting, you must also take into account your financial capabilities. And yet, is a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system better and more efficient?

Here are all the parts that are installed in each system. The most important are:

Positive and negative properties of a single-pipe system

It consists of one horizontal collector and several heating batteries, connected to the collector by two connections. Part of the coolant moving through the main pipe enters the radiator. Here, heat is transferred, the room is heated and the liquid is returned back to the collector. The next battery receives liquid whose temperature is slightly lower. This continues until the last radiator is filled with coolant.

Main hallmark A one-pipe system is the absence of two pipelines: return and supply. This is the main advantage.

There is no need to lay two highways. It will take a lot less pipes, and installation will be simpler. There is no need to break through walls or make additional fastenings. It would seem that the cost of such a scheme is much lower. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.

Modern fittings allow for automatic adjustment heat transfer of each individual battery. To do this, it is necessary to install special thermostats with a large flow area.

However, they will not help get rid of the main drawback associated with the cooling of the coolant after it enters the next battery. Because of this, the heat transfer of the radiator included in the overall chain decreases. To retain heat, it is necessary to increase the battery power by adding additional sections. This type of work increases the cost of the heating system.

If you make the connection of the device and the main line from pipes of the same diameter, the flow will be divided into two parts. But this is unacceptable, since the coolant will begin to cool quickly when it enters the first radiator. In order for the battery to be filled with at least a third of the coolant flow, it is necessary to increase the size of the common collector by approximately 2 times.

And if the collector is installed in a large two-story house, whose area exceeds 100 m2? For normal coolant passage, pipes with a diameter of 32 mm must be laid throughout the circle. To install such a system, large financial investments will be required.

To create water circulation in a private one-story house, you need to equip the single-pipe heating system with an accelerating vertical collector, the height of which must exceed 2 meters. It is installed after the boiler. There is only one exception and that is pumping system, equipped with a wall-mounted boiler, which is suspended on required height. Pump and everything additional elements also lead to higher prices for single-pipe heating.

Individual construction and single-pipe heating

The installation of such heating, which has a single main riser in a one-story building, eliminates the serious disadvantage of this scheme, uneven heating. If something similar is done in a multi-story building, the heating of the upper floors will be noticeably greater than the heating of the lower floors. As a result, an unpleasant situation will arise: it is very hot above, and cold below. Private cottage usually has 2 floors, so installing such a heating scheme will allow you to evenly heat the entire house. It won't be cold anywhere.

Two-pipe heating system

The operation of such a system differs somewhat from the scheme described above. The coolant moves along the riser, entering each device through outlet pipes. Then it returns through the return pipe to the main pipeline, and from there it is transported to the heating boiler.

To ensure the functionality of such a scheme, two pipes are connected to the radiator: through one the main supply of coolant is carried out, and through the other it returns to the common line. That is why they began to call it two-pipe.

The installation of pipes is carried out along the entire perimeter of the heated building. Radiators are installed between pipes to dampen pressure surges and form hydraulic bridges. Such work creates additional difficulties, but they can be reduced by creating the right diagram.

Two-pipe systems are divided into types:

Key Benefits

What positive qualities have such systems? Installation of such a heating system makes it possible to achieve uniform heating of each battery. The temperature in the building will be the same on all floors.

If you attach a special thermostat to the radiator, you can independently regulate the desired temperature in the building. These devices do not have any effect on the heat transfer of the battery.

The two-pipe piping makes it possible to maintain the pressure value when the coolant moves. It does not require the installation of an additional high-power hydraulic pump. Water circulation occurs due to gravitational force, in other words, by gravity. If the pressure is poor, you can use pumping unit low power, which does not require special maintenance and is quite economical.

If you use shut-off equipment, various valves and bypasses, you will be able to install systems in which it becomes possible to repair only one radiator without turning off the heating of the entire house.

Another advantage of two-pipe piping is the ability to use hot water in any direction.

Operating principle of the passing circuit

In this case, the movement of water through the return and main pipes occurs along the same path. In a dead-end circuit - in different directions. When the water in the system is in the same direction and the radiators have the same power, excellent hydraulic balancing is obtained. This eliminates the use of battery valves for pre-setting.

With different power radiators, it becomes necessary to calculate the heat loss of each individual radiator. To normalize the operation of heating devices, you will need to install thermostatic valves. This is difficult to do on your own without specific knowledge.

Hydraulic gravity flow is used when installing a long pipeline. In short systems, a dead-end coolant circulation pattern is created.

How is a two-pipe system maintained?

In order for the service to be high-quality and professional, it is necessary to perform a whole range of operations:

• adjustment;
• balancing;
• setting.

To adjust and balance the system, special pipes are used. They are installed at the very top of the system and at its lowest point. The air is discharged after opening the upper pipe, and the lower outlet is used to drain the water.

Excess air accumulated in the batteries is released using special taps.

To adjust the system pressure, a special container is installed. Air is pumped into it with a conventional pump.

Using special regulators that help reduce the water pressure into a specific radiator, a two-pipe heating system is configured. After redistributing the pressure, the temperature in all radiators is equalized.

How can you make a two-pipe from a single pipe?

Since the main difference between these systems is the separation of streams, this modification is quite simple. It is necessary to lay another pipeline parallel to the existing main. Its diameter should be one size smaller. Next to the last device, the end of the old collector is cut off and tightly closed. The remaining section is connected in front of the boiler directly to the new pipeline.

A passing water circulation pattern is formed. The exiting coolant must be directed through a new pipeline. For this purpose, the supply pipes of all radiators must be reconnected. That is, disconnect from the old collector and connect to the new one, according to the diagram:

The remodeling process can present additional challenges. For example, there will be no space to lay a second highway, or it will be very difficult to break through the ceiling.

That is why, before embarking on such a reconstruction, you need to think through all the details. future work. It may be possible to adjust a one-pipe system without making any alterations.

In apartments and private houses, an integral part of comfort is the provision of heat. Water heating is predominantly used. Water heating Available with one-pipe and two-pipe circuits. In the first case, the water, passing through a closed circuit, cools down greatly. Each subsequent radiator receives colder liquid. The two-pipe system eliminates this drawback.

A two-pipe heating system is effective for a private home. These designs have become more popular. The complexity of installation and slightly higher consumption of materials pay off with clear advantages.

Advantages of two-pipe heating:

1. Each radiator receives equally heated coolant, increasing the air temperature in the room.
2. Possibility to regulate the heat of each battery by setting a thermostat.
3. If one of the systems breaks down, repairs can be carried out without stopping the heating. To do this, it is necessary to install locking elements.
4. For installation, you can use pipes of small diameter, significantly saving money.
5. Installation in a room of any size.

A distinctive feature of the system is the connection of 2 pipes to each radiator. Through the first, heat enters the battery, the second removes cooled liquid from the device. This design allows you to efficiently heat the room.

Layout of pipes for a two-pipe heating system

Scheme two-pipe wiring There are 2 types: vertical and horizontal. In the first case, the heating elements are located vertically along one riser, which is typical for apartment buildings. In most cases, the coolant is supplied upward, and the outlet flows downwards by gravity.

In the horizontal version, the batteries are located in one line. This layout is typical for one-story buildings.

The two-pipe design can be open or open. Any heating includes elements expansion tank. When heated, the pressure in the pipes increases, and compensation system allows you to maintain the required operating level. The device is located at the highest point, usually in the attics of houses. When the wiring is open, the liquid in the tank comes into contact with air. Part of it evaporates, so such a system requires constant monitoring. IN closed type, the design is equipped with a membrane and does not require constant attention.

Advantage of the scheme:

• More aesthetic appearance premises, pipes are hidden under radiators and are not noticeable;
• To pass to the radiators, one hole is required;
• Heat losses are reduced.

All heating systems can be made with natural and forced circulation. The choice of design is influenced by the upper or lower water supply. For bottom supply, forced water circulation must be installed. Pipes from the boiler to the radiators are laid at floor level, just below the radiators. There are 2 pipes running along the entire perimeter of the room: distribution and return. They are connected to each radiator using fittings and tees. Such a system can be constructed from metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes independently, without resorting to the services of specialists.

Option with top wiring in a two-pipe heating system of a private house

In private homes, you can install both lower and upper distribution. For overhead distribution, it is preferable to use natural water circulation. The distribution with hot coolant is pulled from the boiler to the ceiling, then laid around the perimeter of the building.

Description of design:

• From top tube bends are lowered vertically to the radiators;
• The reverse course is laid according to the floor level;
• Connect both pipes to the radiators;
• For physical circulation, the angle of inclination of the pipe should be 3-5ᵒ, while the compensation tank is installed at the highest point of the diagram.

The natural circulation heating system starts working when the water is heated. The coolant becomes lighter and rushes upward, reaching the highest point of the circuit, then goes down through the pipes into the radiators, cools down and becomes heavier, and goes back into the boiler.

The lower the room temperature, the faster the water circulation in the batteries.

The maximum effect from the upper distribution can be obtained in a 2-story building. Natural circulation will be stimulated by the difference in height of the radiators on the 2nd floor and by installing the boiler in the basement. The disadvantage of the upper circuit is the external aesthetic appearance; in addition, part of the heat goes up. You can compensate for the deficiency by combining single-pipe and two-pipe heating. For example, make a single-pipe heated floor on the 2nd floor, and install a two-pipe installation on the 1st floor.

Accurate calculation of a two-pipe heating system

Before starting work, it is necessary to draw up a heating scheme, decide on the material, and make a hydraulic calculation. It is necessary to calculate the pressure drop in the rear section or to calculate the diameter of the pipe.

The calculation is carried out taking into account the following factors:

• Inner surface of pipes and its roughness;
• Section diameter;
• Number of pipe bends;
• Pressure difference between supply and return;
• Number of radiators and their cross-section;
• Locking elements.

When making calculations, use formulas and an axonometric table. You can use a special software program. The most loaded ring or contour is taken as the main object. As a result of calculations, the optimal speed of movement should be from 0.3 to 0.7 m/s.

At a higher speed, the heating will make noise; at a lower speed, a strong temperature variation will occur.

After the calculations have been carried out, pipes of effective diameter, the required number of radiators, a boiler, fittings, pipes, an expansion tank, and a circulation pump, if necessary, are purchased.

Stages of work on installing two-pipe heating with your own hands

Installation of a heating system begins with the installation of a boiler. The heat generator using gas and electricity is located in any room. For liquid and solid fuel boilers, a separate niche is required. When installing radiators, it is necessary to take into account a pipeline slope of 1-2% in relation to the entire length of the pipe.

Work plan:

1. Boiler installation.
2. The main pipe with hot water, running through all radiators.
3. Parallel to the first, a second highway is laid in reverse.
4. With a forced heating option, a circular pump is installed.
5. Radiators are installed. The batteries are suspended on special brackets. All radiators must be located at the same level. For ease of use, they are equipped shut-off valves at entry and exit points. Batteries are connected in several ways: sideways, diagonally, bottom connection. The most effective lateral and diagonal designs.
6. The heating system is completed by installing pipes of associated components, installing an expansion barrel and additional elements.

The highway should not contain straight lines and sharp corners, as the resistance will increase. Taps and valves must match the size of the pipes. In a design with top wiring, the expansion tank is placed in an insulated attic. After all installation work is completed, it is time to connect the system.

To do this, turn off all the taps and be sure to slowly fill the supply circuit.

Next, open the valve of the first battery and bleed the air until a smooth stream comes out. The element is closed and the radiator outlet valve is opened. These manipulations must be carried out with each radiator. All detected defects are eliminated.

Do-it-yourself two-pipe heating of a private house (video)

Installing a two-pipe system with your own hands will take more time, ultimately provide effective and practical heating, and will save on installation work. It is important to choose the right best option for the home, and make a competent calculation of the system parameters. Skillful hands and following the instructions will transform the house, making it cozy and warm.

Examples of heating wiring in a private house (photo)

Two-pipe heating system

There are only two types of heating systems: single-pipe and double-pipe. In private homes they try to establish the most effective system heating. It is very important not to go cheap when trying to reduce the cost of purchasing and installing a heating system. Providing heat to a home is a lot of work, and so as not to have to install the system again, it is better to understand it thoroughly and make “reasonable” savings. And in order to draw a conclusion about which system is better, it is necessary to understand the operating principle of each of them. Having studied the advantages and disadvantages of both systems, both from the technical and material side, it becomes clear how to make the optimal choice.

Single pipe heating system

It works on the principle: through one main pipe (riser), the coolant rises to the top floor of the house (in the case multi-storey building); All heating devices are connected in series to the downward line. In this case, all upper floors will be heated more intensely than the lower ones. A well-common practice in Soviet-built multi-story buildings, when it is very hot on the upper floors and cold on the lower floors. Private houses most often have 2-3 floors, so single-pipe heating does not threaten a large temperature contrast on different floors. In a one-story building, heating is almost uniform.

Advantages of a single-pipe heating system: hydrodynamic stability, ease of design and installation, low costs of materials and funds, since the installation of only one coolant line is required. Increased water pressure will ensure normal natural circulation. The use of antifreeze increases the efficiency of the system. And although it's not best example heating system, it has become very widespread in our country due to its high material savings.

Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system: complex thermal and hydraulic calculations of the network;
- it is difficult to eliminate errors in the calculations of heating devices;
- interdependence of the operation of all network elements;
- high hydrodynamic resistance;
- limited number of heating devices on one riser;
- inability to regulate the flow of coolant into individual heating devices;
- high heat loss.

Improvement of single-pipe heating systems
A technical solution has been developed that allows you to regulate the operation of individual heating devices connected to one pipe. Special closing sections - bypasses - are connected to the network. The bypass is a jumper in the form of a piece of pipe that connects the direct pipe of the heating radiator and the return pipe. It is equipped with taps or valves. The bypass makes it possible to connect automatic thermostats to the radiator. This allows you to regulate the temperature of each battery and, if necessary, shut off the coolant supply to any individual heating device. Thanks to this, it is possible to repair and replace individual devices without completely shutting down the entire heating system. Correct connection bypass makes it possible to redirect the flow of coolant through the riser, bypassing the element being replaced or repaired. For high-quality installation of such devices, it is better to invite a specialist.


Vertical and horizontal diagram boner
According to the installation scheme, single-pipe heating can be horizontal or vertical. A vertical riser is the connection of all heating devices in series from top to bottom. If the batteries are connected in series to each other throughout the entire floor, this is a horizontal riser. The disadvantage of both connections is air pockets that occur in heating radiators and pipes due to accumulated air.


A heating system with one main riser is equipped with heating devices that have improved reliability characteristics. All devices in a single-pipe system are designed for high temperatures and must withstand high blood pressure.

Installation technology of a single-pipe heating system
1. Installation of the boiler in the selected location. It is better to use the services of a specialist from service center, if the boiler is under warranty.
2. Installation of the main pipeline. If an improved system is being installed, then it is mandatory to install tees at the connection points of radiators and bypasses. For heating systems with natural circulation when installing pipes
create a slope of 3 - 5o per meter of length, for a system with forced circulation of coolant - 1 cm per meter of length.
3. Installation of a circulation pump. The circulation pump is designed for temperatures up to 60°C, so it is installed in that part of the system where the most low temperature, that is, at the entrance of the return pipe to the boiler. The pump operates from the mains power supply.
4. Installation of the expansion tank. An open expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system, a closed one - often next to the boiler.
5. Installation of radiators. They mark out places for installing radiators and secure them with brackets. At the same time, they comply with the recommendations of device manufacturers regarding maintaining distances from walls, window sills, and floors.
6. The radiators are connected according to the chosen scheme, installing Mayevsky valves (for venting the radiators), shut-off valves, and plugs.
7. The system is pressure tested (air or water is supplied to the system under pressure to check the quality of connection of all elements of the system). Only after this, coolant is poured into the heating system and a test run of the system is performed, and adjustment elements are adjusted.

Two-pipe heating system

In a two-pipe heating system, the heated coolant circulates from the heater to the radiators and back. This system is distinguished by the presence of two pipeline branches. Along one branch, the hot coolant is transported and distributed, and along the second, the cooled liquid from the radiator is returned to the boiler.

Two-pipe heating systems, like single-pipe heating systems, are divided into open and closed depending on the type of expansion tank. Modern two-pipe closed heating systems use expansion tanks membrane type. The systems are officially recognized as the most environmentally friendly and safe.

According to the method of connecting elements in a two-pipe heating system, they are distinguished: vertical and horizontal systems.

IN vertical system all radiators are connected to a vertical riser. This system allows you to connect each floor separately to the riser in a multi-storey building. With this connection, there are no air pockets during operation. But the cost of this connection is slightly higher.


Double-pipe horizontal heating system is mainly used in one-story houses with a large area. In this system, heating devices are connected to a horizontal pipeline. It is better to install risers for wiring connections of heating elements on staircase or in the hallway. Air jams are released by Mayevsky's cranes.

Horizontal heating system can be with bottom and top wiring. If the wiring is bottom, then the “hot” pipeline runs in the lower part of the building: under the floor, in the basement. In this case, the return line is laid even lower. To improve coolant circulation, the boiler is deepened so that all radiators are above it. The return line is located even lower. Upper overhead line, which must be included in the circuit, serves to remove air from the network. If the distribution is top, then the “hot” pipeline runs along the top of the building. The place for laying the pipeline is usually an insulated attic. At good insulation pipes, heat loss is minimal. At flat roof this design is unacceptable.

Advantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- even at the design stage, it is provided for the installation of automatic thermostats for heating radiators and, therefore, the ability to regulate the temperature in each room;
- pipes throughout the premises are routed through a special collector system, which ensures the independent operation of circuit devices;
- in other words, the circuit elements in a two-pipe system are connected in parallel, unlike a one-pipe system, where the connection is sequential;
- batteries can be inserted into this system even after assembling the main line, which is impossible with a single-pipe system;
- a two-pipe heating system can be easily extended in the vertical and horizontal directions (if you have to complete the house, then the heating system does not need to be changed).


For this system, there is no need to increase the number of sections in the radiators in order to increase the volume of coolants. Errors made at the design stage are easily eliminated. The system is less vulnerable to defrosting.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- more complex circuit connections;
- more high price project (requires much more pipes);
- more labor-intensive installation.
But these shortcomings are very well compensated by winter time when maximum heat accumulation occurs in the house.

Installation of a two-pipe heating system
I. Installation of a heating system with upper horizontal wiring
1. An angle fitting is mounted to the pipe leaving the boiler, which turns the pipe upward.
2. Using tees and angles, mount the top line. Moreover, the tees are attached above the batteries.
3. When top line mounted, the tees are connected to the upper branch pipe of the battery, and a shut-off valve is installed at the junction point.
4. Then install the lower branch of the outlet pipeline. It goes around the perimeter of the house and collects all the pipes coming from the bottom point of the radiators. Typically this branch is mounted at the base level.
5. The free end of the outlet pipe is mounted into the receiving pipe of the boiler; if necessary, a circulation pump is installed in front of the inlet.

Mounted in a similar way closed system With constant pressure, supported by a pressure pump, and an open heating system with an open expansion tank at its highest point.

The main inconvenience of a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring is the installation of an expansion tank outside warm room on ceiling. A heating system with overhead wiring also does not allow for the selection of hot water for technical needs, as well as for combining the expansion tank with the supply tank of the water supply system at home.

II. Installation of a heating system with lower horizontal piping
The bottom-piping system replaced the two-pipe heating system with top-piping. This made it possible to place the expansion tank open type in a warm room and easily accessible place. It also became possible to save some pipes by combining the expansion tank and the supply tank of the house water supply system. The compatibility of the two tanks eliminated the need to control the coolant level and made it possible, if necessary, to use hot water directly from the heating system.
In such a scheme, the outlet line remains at the same level, and the supply line is lowered to the level of the outlet line. This improves aesthetics and reduces pipe consumption. But it only works in systems with forced circulation.

Installation sequence:
1. Downward-facing corner fittings are installed on the boiler pipes.
2. At floor level, two lines of pipes are installed along the walls. One line is connected to the supply output of the boiler, and the second to the receiving output.
3. Tees are installed under each battery, connecting the batteries to the pipeline.
4. An expansion tank is installed at the top point of the supply pipe.
5. As in the case of the upper distribution, the free end of the outlet pipe is connected to circulation pump, and the pump - to the inlet of the heating tank.

Maintenance of a two-pipe heating system
For high-quality maintenance of the heating system, it is necessary to implement a whole range of measures, including adjustment, balancing and tuning of a two-pipe heating system. To adjust and balance the system, special pipes are used, located at the highest and lowest points of the heat pipe. Air is released through the upper pipe, and water is supplied or drained through the lower pipe. Using special taps, excess air in the batteries is released. To regulate the pressure in the system, a special container is used, into which air is pumped using a conventional pump. Special regulators, reducing the pressure into a specific battery, adjust the two-pipe heating system. The consequence of pressure redistribution is the equalization of temperatures between the first and last batteries.