10.06.2016 23 256

Grape feeding - root and foliar

Proper and timely feeding of grapes can increase yield several times, make plants stronger, resistant to many diseases and unpredictable weather conditions. Large, tasty berries can indeed be grown on your own plot. The owner of the vineyard will need to take care and allocate some of his own time to implement the activities.

What nutrients does the vine need?

It is a well-known fact that a vineyard produces a generous harvest on good fertile and fertilized land. Over time, the nutrient content constantly decreases and there is a need to add additional fertilizers. Without fertilization, the soil becomes depleted, and the vine develops poorly - yields decrease, resistance to frost and drought decreases.

Many novice gardeners mistakenly think that complex mineral fertilizers, applied a couple of times per season is quite enough. The need of grapes various elements modified depending on the stage of development. You can achieve success if you figure out what substances grapes require. It is also necessary to know what impact they have on certain processes. It is imperative to feed the vine with the following fertilizers:

nitrogen- is an indispensable element when growing green mass (shoots, leaves). It is applied mainly in early spring, on initial stages growth. In summer, the need for nitrogen-containing fertilizers decreases, and in August it is not recommended to apply it at all. In simple words, the rapid growth of greenery shifts the ripening time of wood, therefore, an unripe vine may die in winter. , ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate - the most famous and widespread nitrogen fertilizers for grapes;

phosphorus- necessary for proper organization metabolic process occurring in plants. A sufficient amount of phosphorus at the time of the appearance of inflorescences and the formation of berries plays an important role;

potassium- ensures the transport of nutritional compounds inside the grapes. Large accumulations are observed in the vine, shoots, and leaves. Sufficient supply of potassium to the plant increases the accumulation of cell sap and reduces the evaporation of liquid, which is especially important on dry days. The element is needed when preparing plants for winter;

in the photo - fertilizing grapes

zinc- belongs to the category of microelements, which cannot be underestimated. Lack of the substance causes impaired fertilization of inflorescences, paralysis of the ridges of clusters, increased oxidative processes, and disorganized growth balance;

boron- responsible for the movement of sugars and carbohydrate compounds. Its deficiency leads to poor fertilization. The element does not move freely throughout the plant, a deficiency can be seen at growth points (dying of the main shoots, a large number of lateral branches, shortening of internodes);

copper- ensures metabolism in the plant; as a rule, the element is contained in sufficient quantities in the soil. The deficiency is easily compensated by spraying with Bordeaux mixture.

Stages of fertilizing

The first application of fertilizers is carried out in early spring, before buds open. Take 40-50 grams of ammonium nitrate, the same amount of superphosphate, 30 g of potassium salt per adult bush, dilute it in a bucket of water and feed the plant. For good and correct distribution of the solution with access to the roots, it is necessary to dig a hole (trench) 40-50 centimeters deep at a distance of at least half a meter. Fertilizer is poured there, then the hole is filled with soil.

in the photo - fertilizers for grapes
in the photo - preparing fertilizer for feeding grapes

In addition to mineral complexes in the spring, root feeding of the vine, chicken droppings or manure can be carried out. It is not difficult to dilute chicken manure; you need to pour the product into any container, let it ferment for 10-15 days, then you can use it after diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:20. Manure can be used already rotted, when embedded in the ground, and in a diluted liquid state (prepared similarly to a solution of chicken manure).

In the second half of May, when the soil has already warmed up sufficiently, temperature regime outside it does not fall below +8ºС, an intensified period of formation of vegetative organs begins, the first rudiments of future grapes appear. The vine is preparing for the upcoming flowering - which means it’s time to feed the plant. The timing of fertilizing grapes may shift depending on the growing zone and varietal characteristics, therefore, the breeder independently determines the specific time for introducing fertilizers.

You can feed the bushes in May and June two weeks before flowering using superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizers together with potassium salt in a ratio of 50/40/35g. Fertilizing of flowering grapes is not carried out. 3-4 days after the second application of minerals, foliar feeding of grapes before flowering is carried out on the leaf, to improve the pollination process using preparations such as Humisol, Boric acid, Zinc sulfate, Potassium chloride, Humate, Reacom-R-Grapes. They help increase productivity, resistance to diseases, drought, and enhance the formation of bunches.

in the photo - root feeding of grapes

The third feeding of grapes is carried out after flowering, when the berries are formed. Only phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are used, excluding nitrogen fertilizers. To water one bush, dilute 40-50 grams of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per 15 liters of water. At this time, it is recommended to carry out foliar feeding with microelements (boron, manganese, cobalt, zinc and others). Take 1 tbsp per bucket of water. potassium humate, 1 teaspoon of the drug Novosil, half a tsp. iodine, manganese on the tip of a knife, 60-70 grams baking soda, ½ tablespoon of boric acid, 15-20 g of Kemira-Lux and spray with the resulting solution. In addition to microelements, it is recommended to additionally apply fungicides against pests and diseases (Ridomil Gold, Tiovit Jet).

The main stages of fertilizing are outlined above, but this does not mean that no further fertilizers need to be applied. Depending on the condition of the plantings, increase or decrease the number of feedings and their quantity. Additionally, the grapes can be fed after harvesting. Do not forget, it is advisable to combine the application of fertilizers with watering the grapes

Grapes are a rather unpretentious plant. It can grow even in poor rocky soil. However, its yield will not be particularly high. Therefore, having decided to plant a grapevine on a plot, it is important to be able to properly care for it. Every experienced gardener knows what is needed for grapes to bear fruit well: fertilizing in spring and summer, as well as in autumn using certain fertilizers. But newcomers know little about this. How to grow healthy and high-yielding bushes on summer cottage, the article will tell.

The plant bears fruit best in soil rich in nutrients. But after a certain period, the soil becomes depleted and loses its nutritional properties. This significantly affects the yield of garden crops. Especially on grapes. It begins to develop poorly and becomes more vulnerable to adverse climatic influences. In this case, feeding the grapes saves the plant.

This shrub has one feature: on different stages growth requires different nutrients and in different quantities. Having applied mineral fertilizers several times a season, a summer resident is unlikely to achieve the desired result.

Experienced vineyards spent a long time figuring out what microelements the crop needs and how they affect its growth and development. And we came to the conclusion that the plant requires the following components:

Potassium. It accelerates the ripening of berries.
Nitrogen. Leads to an increase in green mass.
Bor. It allows you to increase the sugar content of the fruit and also accelerates ripening.
Copper. Enhances shoot growth. Increases drought and frost resistance.
Zinc. Has a good effect on productivity.
Phosphorus. Improves the formation of ovaries and fruit ripening.

When do you fertilize?

Caring for grapes without feeding is not complete. The amount of fertilizing depends on the age of the bush. For example, annual vines are fertilized twice a year: the first time when the shoots reach a height of 15 centimeters. Then the grapes are fertilized in July or August. If the plant has already begun to bear fruit, nutrients are added three times: in spring, summer and autumn. Check out the article:

Spring

The main goal of fertilizing grapes in the spring is to saturate the soil with all the microelements necessary for good fruiting.

The first time is fertilized in early spring, immediately after wintering. Usually this is the beginning of April. But it all depends on the region. For example, in the southern regions this procedure do it earlier. The time must be chosen in such a way that sap flow has not yet begun in the plantings. Mix superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium salt. They dilute all this in water. The resulting solution is fed to the bush.

The second time, spring feeding of grapes is carried out 2 weeks before flowering. And this is the middle of May, the period of active growing season. The same solution is used. The third time - before the fruits begin to ripen - the soil is fertilized with products that contain potassium and phosphorus.

The following one-component mineral substances are suitable for spring fertilizer: ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium salt and superphosphates. Complex formulations are also used. For example, Kemira, Novofert, Florovit and Aquarin. Some gardeners use liquid manure instead of mineral fertilizers during spring feeding of plants. It contains phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Promotes better absorption of microelements by roots. To do this, you need about a kilogram of the substance per square meter of area with plantings. You can replace manure with compost. It is advisable to alternate between different nutrients, so the bush will bear fruit better.

Summer

Not everyone has the desire or opportunity to buy ready-made fertilizer preparations. Some use more budget options. Thinking about how to feed grapes in June with folk remedies, many summer residents decide to use them. Fermented herbal infusion with the addition of ash and water is so popular. This is both more economical and no less beneficial for the plant than factory-made products.

Many gardeners know that feeding young grapes in the summer can improve their condition. fruit crop. It is used for those plants that have low growth or too much harvest load. For this purpose, ammonium nitrate, superphosphates and potassium salt are mixed. Add water. If you have wood ash, it is better to replace the salt with it. Nitrogenous substances are not used. They inhibit fruit ripening.

It should be noted that feeding grapes with ash in the summer gives pretty good results. After all, ash is a perfectly balanced complex of substances that are so necessary for good growth. It contains potassium, which is very beneficial for the grapevine. All elements last for a long time: the effect of the ash lasts for 2-4 years. Moreover, they are absorbed in the quantity required by the culture at the moment. But experienced gardeners They claim that with regular and long-term use of large amounts of ash, there is a risk of chlorosis, so you need to use ash in moderation.

Grapes are often fertilized in the summer before flowering. For this, mineral elements are usually used. It’s a good idea to treat bushes with fungicides. For example, Ridomil Gold and Topaz. Indeed, during the flowering period, the plant is affected by various diseases.

In summer, the soil should contain nitrogen, boron, zinc, phosphorus, calcium and iron. Therefore, when thinking about what you can feed grapes in the summer, you should choose preparations with the above elements. This way the plant will grow quite tall and will bear fruit often. When ripening is weak, potassium monophosphate and Plantafol are added to the soil.

Fertilization of grapes continues in the month of July, during the period of active development of the vine. Knowing what to feed grapes in July, a summer resident can achieve a high-quality harvest. The drug Plantafol-ovary has proven itself well. It is designed to stimulate berry growth. Gardeners advise combining fertilizer with watering. To do this, take a solution of fermented grass. For 10 liters of water, 2 liters of infusion are required. Add minerals to it complex fertilizers: about 5 grams. Potassium sulfate is also added: 2 grams.
This mixture is enough for 3 square meters landings. It is used both for very young seedlings and for adult bushes. A similar procedure is repeated weekly if the summer is dry.

When deciding what to feed the grapes after flowering, you should give preference to liquid organic matter. For example, chicken droppings. You will need a bucket of litter and 3 buckets of water. The mixture is infused for 7 days. The resulting solution is used as follows. One liter is diluted in 10 liters of water. And in this form they fertilize the bush.

The grapes are fertilized after flowering according to the following algorithm:

Gardeners, as a result of many years of experience, have developed a scheme summer feeding. It consists of the following:

Autumn

For experienced summer residents It is known that autumn feeding of grapes is important stage plant care.

After active fruiting, the bush needs to replenish spent energy. It is important to prepare the vine for winter and the new season. Fertilizers are applied in early September. Foliar feeding is most suitable. Microelements include potassium salt and superphosphate. Manganese sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodine, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate are also added to the mixture. The drugs are added either in dry form or a solution is prepared.

Bird droppings, manure, and compost are also used. Once every 3 years it is recommended to fertilize the vine with potassium phosphate preparations. If autumn feeding of grapes in winter is carried out correctly, the bush will enter fully prepared and will easily survive the cold season.

What is foliar feeding?

Foliar feeding of grapes, which is often done in the spring, helps increase productivity. But it can be carried out in summer or autumn. This is an excellent addition to the main feeding. The peculiarity is that all the beneficial substances come through the leaves. After all, it is known that grape leaves have excellent ability to absorb all components diluted with water. In addition to fertility, a plant treated with this method also becomes more resistant to various types of ailments and pests.

Spraying with a special solution is carried out until flower buds appear. Thus, their premature shedding is prevented. This type of feeding increases the number of ovaries. The second time the treatment is done during the flowering period. And finally, the grapes are fertilized in the summer while the berries are ripening. The second and third baits should not contain nitrogen.

Foliar feeding of grapes in June is carried out using solutions of micro- and macro-fertilizers. They are sold in specialized stores. Irrigation of leaves is best done in the evening or morning. It is advisable to choose calm days. In cloudy weather, the procedure is carried out even during the day. Fulfillment of these conditions allows you to reduce the likelihood of leaf burn to zero. To make the leaves absorb the components better, it is recommended to add 3 tablespoons of sugar to the solution.

Do I need to apply fertilizers to get an environmentally friendly harvest? Feeding grapes in questions and answers.

Grape feeding. Battery value

Many people, especially those who are not involved in the cultivation of fruit, vegetable and field crops, have the belief that if they do not apply fertilizers, then the resulting harvest will be environmentally friendly. No, unfortunately, this is not the case. The explanation for this lies in the physiology of the plant. This cannot be said in a few words. But there is a wonderful visual example of the influence of nutrients on the quantity and quality of the crop - the Daubenek barrel (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Daubenek barrel

Imagine that each stave of a barrel is a certain element of plant nutrition - nitrogen, potassium, carbon, etc. (a significant part of the periodic table). The length of the stave varies; it is determined by the amount of a specific nutrient required to form the crop. Tell me how much water (harvest) can be poured into such a barrel? The answer is simple, exactly as much as the shortest riveting allows. It turns out that longer rivets will not be able to increase the amount of water in the barrel. Those. they cannot compensate for the shortest riveting. The same thing happens in the plant.

We need to understand something else. The lack of one nutrient will lead not only to a shortage of crops, but also to a sharp decrease in the quality of the crop. All nitrogen in a plant is predominantly in nitrate form; in order for this nitrogen to be included in the composition of sugars, acids, vitamins, various enzymes and catalysts are needed, which are (or are part of) sodium, boron, zinc, iron and other trace elements. It turns out that if there is little zinc or boron in the soil, for example, then there will not be enough of them in the plant for the normal functioning of the body, which will lead to a decrease in the synthesis of sugars (for example) and will increase the nitrate content in the plant, since it will be impossible to process them. But excess phosphorus or calcium in the soil will not help.

There is no way to do without the use of mineral fertilizers. To understand this, consider the balance of nutrients in the soil.

Grape feeding. Battery consumption:

– Absorption of the main crop (in our case, grapes), takes into account all the absorption of nutrients not only for the formation of the crop, but also for the growth of leaves, stems, roots, etc., the so-called biological removal. The nutrients are removed along with the berries, leaves and cut vines or remain in the plant - the form of tissue of perennial parts of the bush. Very little of what is absorbed will return back to the soil.

– Absorption of nutrients by weeds that are weeded out and removed from the site.

– Washing of nutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium, etc.) with rain and irrigation water. This is inevitable and natural for any soil.

– Some of the nutrients become unavailable to the plant, especially phosphorus. This nutritional element seems to be present in the soil, but in such a form (chemical form) that it is inaccessible to the plant.

– Soil microflora (and the more fertile the soil, the more microorganisms) consumes a large amount of nutrients. Bacteria and other microorganisms seriously compete with the plant in the fight for nutrients.

– Some other factors (erosion, blowing) that take place, but in Belarus of great importance Dont Have.

Grape feeding. Supply of batteries:

– Organic fertilizers.

– Plant remains. But since we remove the bulk of foliage and weeds, the income is small.

By and large, these are all the main “income items” of the soil. You can, of course, add an article - photosynthesis, but it concerns carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but they are absorbed from the air, mainly. And the main elements of mineral nutrition - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - come only from the soil. In nature, all plant remains remain in place and, rotting, give life to new plants. But natural process Fertility increases occur over decades, or even centuries. We won't be able to wait that long.

Therefore, in order for the harvests to be regular, annual and abundant, it is necessary to add to the soil every year those nutrients that were taken from there. And the basis here is mineral fertilizer. Competent, reasonable use of fertilizers has never harmed anyone.

Fertilizer feeding. How to determine how much fertilizer to apply to grapes?

The biological annual removal of one grape bush, which produces 5 kg of harvest, is approximately:

25-40 g of nitrogen;

7.5-12.5 g phosphorus;

25-50 g potassium;

0.2-0.3 g of iron, and also (in decreasing order of quantity) - chlorine (0.05-0.08 g), manganese, boron, copper, titanium, zinc, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt , lead and some others.

The removal of nutrients depends on many factors - the soil, variety, weather and other things. Of course, if a bush produces not 5 kg, but 25 kg of harvest, then the removal of nutrients will be greater, which must be taken into account.

Knowing the removal of nutrients, you can determine the dose of fertilizers that need to be applied to your vineyard. Table 1 shows approximate composition organic fertilizers, and in Table 2 - the range of mineral fertilizers that can be found in stores and in agriculture, and the content of the active substance in them.

Grape feeding. Table 1. Amount of nutrients entering the soil with organic fertilizers, kg/t

Types of organic fertilizers	Active substance

Cattle manure on straw bedding
Cattle manure on peat bedding
Liquid cattle manure
Semi-liquid cattle manure
Liquid pig manure
Compost (manure: peat = 1:2)
Compost (manure: peat = 2:1)
Bird droppings
Compost (litter: peat = 1:1)
Compost (litter: peat = 2:1)
Litter manure and composts on average

Grape feeding. Table 2. Range of mineral fertilizers and content of active substance in 100 g of fertilizers

Name of fertilizer	Chemical



Nitrogen fertilizers
Sodium nitrate
Calcium nitrate
Ammonium sulfate
Sodium ammonium sulfate	(NH4)2SO4х Na2SO4
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Anhydrous ammonia
Ammonia water
Ammonium nitrate
Urea (urea)
Urea-ammonium mixture (UAS)
Urea with humid, phosphate, polymer shells
Phosphorus
Superphosphate	Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O + 2CaSO4. H2O
Double superphosphate	Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O
Superfos
Precipitate	CaHRO4. 2H2O
Thermophosphate	Na2O . 3CaO. Р2О5 + SiО2
Defluorinated phosphate
Phosphorite flour
Vivianite	Fe3(PO4)2 . 8H2O
Potassium
Potassium chloride
Potassium salt	KSI+KSI . NaСI
Potassium sulfate
Calimagnesia	K2SO4 . МgSO4
Silvinite	KSI . NaСI
Cainite	KSI MgSO4 3H2O
Potash
Cement dust
Complex fertilizers
Potassium nitrate
Ammophos
Diammofos
Magnesium ammonium phosphate	MgNH4PO4 . H2O
Nitrophos	NH4NO3, Co(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4, CaSO4
Nitrophoska	– ” – + NН4СI, КNO3
Ammophosphate
Nitroammophos
Nitroammofoska
Azofoska
Ammophosphate	NH4H2PO4, CaHPO4, Ca(H2PO4), CaSO4
Ammoniated superphosphate
Crystalline
Mortar
LCF (liquid complex fertilizer)

It should be taken into account that if you add 100 g of nitrogen fertilizers, according to the active substance (abbreviated as a.i.), into the soil, then only about 60 g of them will get into the plant, the rest will be wasted by the soil, microorganisms and weeds. For phosphorus fertilizers: out of 100 g of active substance, no more than 40 g will enter the plant; for potash - no more than 50-60 g.

Therefore, it turns out that in order for 40 g of nitrogen to enter the plant, it is necessary to add 67 g (according to the active value), this amount is contained in 145 g of urea or 191 g of ammonium nitrate. We calculate similarly for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Phosphorus calculation:

You need 12.5 g to get into the plant, so you should add 60% more, i.e. 20.8 g. This amount is contained in 105 g of simple superphosphate or 55 g of double superphosphate.

Potassium calculation:

the plant should absorb 50 g, so we add 40-50% more, i.e. 100 g. This amount is contained in 160 g of potassium chloride or 250 g of potassium salt.

This is how you get the dose of fertilizer that needs to be applied to the grape bush.

Grape feeding. When and how to apply fertilizers?

Organic fertilizers are applied once every 3 years in a dose of 10-20 kg per bush. Manure or composts must be well decomposed (rotted), then they will only bring benefits. Fresh manure can burn young roots, be a source of weeds and some diseases, and it will not bring much benefit as a fertilizer. Organic matter can be applied in the fall, after harvest, or in the spring, before the eyes open. Fertilizer is scattered in a radius of up to 1 m around the bush and must be incorporated into the soil.

Often, beds are made near the grape bush in which vegetables and flowers are grown. Since the roots of an adult grape bush have “gone” away from the bush by 1-2 m, or even more, you can not apply special organic fertilizers to the bush, but apply it in the garden bed. The roots of the grapes and the necessary nutrition will be obtained from the garden bed.

You shouldn’t get carried away and annually apply organic fertilizers to grapes, they don’t really like it, and besides, organics strongly acidify the soil, which is harmful for grapes.

In the year when organic fertilizers are applied, the doses of mineral fertilizers are reduced, depending on what kind of organic fertilizer was used (see Table 1).

It is advisable to apply lime fertilizers once every 3-4 years in the fall. In the spring, you can also apply lime fertilizers, but after application, you need to dig up the soil to mix the lime or water it thoroughly. Fertilizers are applied around the bush trunk within a radius of up to 1.5 m.

The dose of lime is approximately 300-500 g per bush. In the year of liming, the dose of potassium fertilizers is increased by 25-30%. This is due to the fact that calcium, which is contained in lime, makes it difficult for potassium to enter the plant.

Dolomite flour (up to 0.5 kg) can be used as lime fertilizer, eggshells, deciduous tree ash, bone meal (last 3 elements 1-2 liters each).

It is advisable to apply mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements) in those phases of grape development when the plant really needs it. Usually these are phases associated with the active growth of shoots, harvest or ripening of the vine. An approximate scheme for applying fertilizers is given in table. 3. In the table, fertilizers are applied to an average grape bush, for which calculations of the nutrient requirements were made a little higher. During the season, it is necessary to add 191 ammonium nitrate, 55 g of double superphosphate and 250 g of potassium salt.

Top dressing of grapes. Table 3. Approximate scheme for the use of mineral fertilizers on grapes, grams

Microelements are sold in complexes in stores. The set of microelements in them is determined by the manufacturer, and it is impossible to influence the ratio of nutrients here. Therefore, use a complex of microfertilizers with the maximum a large number batteries and add it in the concentrations and quantities specified by the manufacturer of the complex.

When choosing a set of microelements, pay attention to next fact– whether all microelements are present in the complex in water-soluble form. As a rule, such sets of microelements are quite expensive. The fact is that sets of microelements are often sold, some of the fertilizers of which are very difficult to dissolve in water. This is bad, because only from the soil solution (i.e. in a dissolved state) can the plant absorb them with its roots.

Fertilizers can be applied to the soil (root application) and on the leaves (foliar application).

According to the fertilizer application scheme outlined in table. 3, all fertilizers are planned to be applied to the soil and only microelements are best applied by foliar treatment. It is very difficult to apply 50 g of ammonium nitrate per plant by foliar method, because the concentration of the treatment solution should not exceed 0.1-0.2%. It turns out that in order to apply a given dose of nitrogen to a plant, almost 5 liters should be poured. solution. In such an amount, the solution will drain from the leaves and will not bring the benefit that is hoped for.

More often, foliar treatment with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is carried out together with the treatment of grapes with plant protection products or in the intervals between root applications. The concentration of the treatment solution should be 0.1-0.2%; a higher concentration can burn the leaves.

When foliar feeding, the fertilizer solution is applied to the plants with a sprayer. When spraying, it is necessary that the solution evenly wets the entire surface of the leaf, but does not drain from it. Usually, 150-300 g of solution is enough to treat 1 bush, i.e. in this way, only 0.1-0.3 g of fertilizer can be applied. Nutrients introduced in this way very quickly enter the plant and are included in vital processes (photosynthesis, etc.). Therefore, it is not possible to get by with just foliar feeding.

Grape feeding. Leaf diagnostics

One of the elements of monitoring the content of nutrients in the plant and indirectly in the soil is leaf diagnostics.

Visual signs of deficiency of one or another battery are as follows:

Nitrogen– the first signs of deficiency appear on lower leaves, they become pale green, and young leaves retain an intense green color, but are small and do not reach the required size. Leaf petioles often become redder. The internodes are shortened, the berries are small. Development phases (flowering, etc.) occur in a shorter period of time).

Phosphorus– the leaves remain dark green, but the petioles and veins acquire a rich red color. The size of the bunches decreases, the berries do not gain their size. Sometimes brown spots appear closer to the edges of young leaves. It should be noted that phosphorus deficiency is a rare phenomenon and is most often present on very acidic soils.

Potassium– young leaves become pale, small, underdeveloped. On ripe leaves, the edges begin to change color to brown (Fig. 21), and then die (necrosis). This process goes from the edge of the sheet to its center. The bunches and berries become smaller, the plant becomes very susceptible to fungal diseases.

Bor– a slight deficiency of boron manifests itself in the shedding of flowers and the appearance of small berries (no more than 2-3 mm in diameter). Subsequently, marbling of the leaves appears (alternating green light and dark areas), the internodes are shortened and sometimes even “fall out,” and the tops of the stepsons and shoots may die off.

The lack of boron can be corrected by adding borax (5-7 g/10m2) or using boron superphosphate.

Another disadvantage of boron deficiency is that it can be confused with frost damage to flowers or poor pollination due to cold weather. Therefore, grapes must be sprayed with a set of microelements with boron during the flowering period.

Zinc – typical sign The disadvantage of this nutrient is a violation of the symmetry of the leaves and the appearance of a metallic tint (tint) in their color. Additionally, there is a weakening of the growth processes of shoots, bunches and berries.

Magnesium– Magnesium deficiency resembles potassium deficiency. The difference is that chlorosis (destruction of chlorophyll) begins at the edges of the leaf and between the main veins. In light-colored varieties, chlorosis manifests itself in yellowing of the leaves (Fig. 23), and in dark-colored varieties - in a red-brown color. Severe magnesium deficiency in the plant leads to the death of leaves. Signs of deficiency appear first on the lower leaves. Magnesium deficiency can be easily avoided by using dolomite flour as a lime fertilizer.

Iron- manifests itself in continuous yellowing of young leaves; with a severe deficiency, chlorosis can develop. The leaves turn yellow throughout the blade, only the veins remain dark green. However, similar signs can also occur in cold weather and sudden temperature changes.

Unfortunately, weather, soil and air humidity, grape variety, and soil play a very important role in the absorption of nutrients by grapes. In different soil and climatic conditions, the system of application of fertilizers (doses, timing, forms) will vary, and there will be some differences in the manifestation of a lack of nutrients.

Therefore, it is very difficult to give strict recommendations. And treat with a certain degree of skepticism categorical statements (recommendations) regarding how much and what kind of fertilizers should be applied if they do not take into account the variety, soil and climatic conditions of your region and agricultural techniques for growing grapes.

Material prepared by: Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

Grapes are a valuable gift of nature to us people. Great taste and very healthy berry For many centuries it has brought us joy and health. In order to annually obtain a rich and high-quality grape harvest, it is necessary to provide decent care for the plant, one of the necessary conditions of which is periodic fertilizing with both mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In this article we will talk about what you can feed grapes in the spring.

Fertilizing grapes in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall, so this matter must be taken with full responsibility. The main goal of fertilizing grapes is to saturate the soil with the substances and microelements necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant. Let's take a closer look:

Phosphorus is most important during the flowering period to produce more ovaries;
Zinc affects the yields of grape plants, the so-called yield stimulant;
Nitrogen is necessary for the formation of healthy shoots and leaves;
Boron is added to make the berries sweet;
Copper will protect the vine from drought and frost;
Potassium is added to accelerate fruit ripening.

We have decided on the beneficial substances for grapes, now we will figure out what fertilizers all this is contained in, when and how they are applied to the soil.

Fertilizers for feeding grapes in spring

Beginner winegrowers often have a question: “How to fertilize grapes?” For this, mineral fertilizers and organic matter are used. Of the latter, the following are very effective:

Manure is an indispensable product for grapes that can replace all existing fertilizers in the world combined. It contains absolutely everything necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant;
Chicken droppings are wonderful folk way feeding, promoting the development of the vine. The composition is similar to manure, however, before applying it to the ground it must be diluted with water due to its high toxicity;
Compost is an excellent spring feeding, which is easy to prepare, and the grapes really like it;
Mulch - improves soil composition, air and water balance, saturates with all nutrients;
Green manure is equivalent to manure, restores the structure of the soil and nourishes with all the necessary elements;
Ash is a very valuable organic fertilizer that nourishes and heals grapes at the same time.

But for more complete feeding of the grapevine, mineral fertilizers are used in combination with organic substances. You need to be extremely careful when using chemicals - failure to comply with the ratios of the components can adversely affect the vineyard or even lead to its death.

When to fertilize in spring

The first fertilizing is done in April, when the grapes are still protected from the winter cold. The region where the vineyard grows should be taken into account - the further south the region, the earlier the fertilizer is applied.

The second falls in May, about two weeks before the vine begins to bloom.

The third feeding is when the grapes have reached the size of peas. At this time, grapes most need additional nutrients for fruit ripening.

The fourth feeding is carried out when the berries begin to ripen.

The fertilizer is applied into special holes - grooves, which are made around the bushes with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 40 cm. The solution is distributed evenly into these holes.

Organic feeding

It is good to feed grapes with slurry, which is prepared as follows: a bucket of manure is dissolved in 3 buckets of water and fermented for several days. Then the resulting solution is diluted again with water (1:10) and the plant is watered.

If there is no manure, you can use compost. It's easy to prepare on your own garden plot. To do this, select a place somewhere in the corner near the fence and put all organic waste there (sawdust, grass, leaves, potato peelings, etc.) All this is sprinkled with a layer of earth on top, then another layer of plant and food waste, and so on until until you get a pile about two meters high. Don't forget to water it with water. You can mix waste with lime.

Chicken manure is an excellent fertilizer not only for grapevines. Before use, it is diluted with water (1:2) and left for a couple of weeks. Water the bushes, diluting them a second time with water, only in a ratio of 1:5. One bush will require half a liter of the resulting fertilizer.

You can use wood ash or ash from sunflower seed shells. To do this, mix it with water 1:2 and stirring from time to time, leave for 2-3 days. Then filter and add three more parts of water. This solution will not easily feed young grapes, and when sprayed, it will also protect them from fungal diseases.

Feeding with minerals

In the spring, one-component mineral substances (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and potassium chloride) and ready-made complex fertilizers (Kemira, Aquarin, Novofert, etc.) are used as fertilizers for the grapevine.

During the first feeding, the following mixture is used - dry potassium fertilizers 30 grams, superphosphate 40 grams and the same amount of nitrogen fertilizers are added to the holes where the grape bushes overwintered and sprinkled with earth. There are special preparations for feeding, for example “Solution”. It is diluted with water according to the instructions and added to the holes, after pouring a bucket of water into it. After applying the fertilizer, pour a bucket of water again.

For the second feeding, the following composition is suitable - 30 grams of potassium fertilizer. 40 - nitrogen and 50 - superphosphate are diluted with water. This fertilizer can be combined well with organic matter - a solution of cow manure or chicken droppings, and if you use both together, you can add 2 times less mineral fertilizers.

During the third feeding, complex fertilizers are used - 30 grams of fertilizer per bucket of water.

For the fourth time, the vine is “fed” exclusively with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Potassium “chemistry” can be replaced with ash.

Traditional nutrient solution They do this: to water one plant, take 5 grams of potassium salt, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of superphosphate.

You will get the best effect if you alternate organic matter with mineral fertilizers.

Additional fertilizing of the vineyard

For additional feeding of grape bushes in the spring, a special trench half a meter deep and 0.8 meters wide is dug. The trench is located either in front of the grape rows or behind. 4 buckets of humus or manure are added to it, which is then mixed with soil, and humus is thrown on top again and the dug ditch is leveled with the remaining soil. This recharge is enough for several years.

Foliar feeding

An addition to spring root feeding of grape bushes is foliar feeding. Nutrients enter the plant not only through the root system, but also through the leaves. Such fertilizing is carried out by spraying through a sprayer. For spraying, you can use a solution of urea (40 grams), citric acid (20 grams), boric acid (15 grams), ferrous sulfate (1 gram) in water (10 liters). Spray the plants before and after flowering.

If you don’t want to prepare such a solution yourself for foliar feeding, you can use ready-made preparations like “Kemira” and others. Each preparation is suitable for feeding during different periods of the plant’s growing season. A solution based on wood ash is perfect for spraying, as discussed above.

Fertilizing with iron sulfate is very important for grape bushes because it not only saturates the plants with the iron they need for growth, but also protects the plant’s buds from diseases during frosts.

It is advisable to carry out foliar feeding on a cloudy, windless day.

Feeding grapes when planting

Before planting grapes in the spring, a mixture of fertilizers prepared in a separate container must be added to the soil: 10 kg of rotted cow manure is mixed with 200 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of wood ash. This proportion of components is calculated for 1 square. m.

Or here is another option for a nutrient mixture during planting: the hole for the grape bush is filled with peat - 30 kg or 20 kg of compost and rotted manure, 200-300 grams of superphosphate, 40 grams of potassium chloride, 100-150 grams of potassium fertilizer and a couple of kg of wood ash . In poor soil, it is recommended to increase the amount of manure applied to 3 buckets.

When digging a hole for planting, remove the fertile layer from above and put it aside, then the remaining soil is selected and placed separately from the top layer. All the above-mentioned components of the first or second option are placed in the hole, having first been thoroughly mixed with special nutrient soil prepared in advance, adding coarse sand and crushed crushed stone to the second part of the earth dug from the planting hole. After planting, the bush is sprinkled with the first part dug from the planting hole of the earth.

After planting, the ground around the plant can be sprinkled with wood chips, chopped straw and rotted manure. They will act as mulch.

Young bushes of the second year of life in May, along with organic matter, add phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Grapes are a rather unpretentious plant. It can grow even in poor rocky soil. However, its yield will not be particularly high. Therefore, having decided to plant a grapevine on a plot, it is important to be able to properly care for it. Every experienced gardener knows what is needed for grapes to bear fruit well: fertilizing in spring and summer, as well as in autumn using certain fertilizers. But newcomers know little about this. The article will tell you how to grow healthy and high-yielding bushes in your summer cottage.

What do grapes need?

This shrub has one feature: at different stages of growth, different nutrients are needed and in different quantities. Having applied mineral fertilizers several times a season, a summer resident is unlikely to achieve the desired result.

Experienced vineyards spent a long time figuring out what microelements the crop needs and how they affect its growth and development. And we came to the conclusion that the plant requires the following components:

Potassium. It accelerates the ripening of berries.
Nitrogen. Leads to an increase in green mass.
Bor. It allows you to increase the sugar content of the fruit and also accelerates ripening.
Copper. Enhances shoot growth. Increases drought and frost resistance.
Zinc. Has a good effect on productivity.
Phosphorus. Improves the formation of ovaries and fruit ripening.

When do you fertilize?

Spring

The main goal of fertilizing grapes in the spring is to saturate the soil with all the microelements necessary for good fruiting.

The first time is fertilized in early spring, immediately after wintering. Usually this is the beginning of April. But it all depends on the region. For example, in the southern regions this procedure is done earlier. The time must be chosen in such a way that sap flow has not yet begun in the plantings. Mix superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium salt. They dilute all this in water. The resulting solution is fed to the bush.

The following one-component mineral substances are suitable for spring fertilizer: ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium salt and superphosphates. Complex formulations are also used. For example, Kemira, Novofert, Florovit and Aquarin. Some gardeners use liquid manure instead of mineral fertilizers during spring feeding of plants. It contains phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Promotes better absorption of microelements by roots. To do this, you need about a kilogram of the substance per square meter of area with plantings. You can replace manure with compost. It is advisable to alternate different nutrients, so the bush will bear fruit better.

Summer

Not everyone has the desire or opportunity to buy ready-made fertilizer preparations. Some also use more budget options. Thinking about how to feed grapes in June with folk remedies, many summer residents decide to use them. Fermented herbal infusion with the addition of ash and water is so popular. This is both more economical and no less beneficial for the plant than factory-made products.

Many gardeners know that feeding young grapes in the summer can improve the condition of the fruit crop. It is used for those plants that have low growth or too much harvest load. For this purpose, ammonium nitrate, superphosphates and potassium salt are mixed. Add water. If you have wood ash, it is better to replace the salt with it. Nitrogenous substances are not used. They inhibit fruit ripening.

It should be noted that feeding grapes with ash in the summer gives pretty good results. After all, ash is a perfectly balanced complex of substances that are so necessary for good growth. It contains potassium, which is very beneficial for the grapevine. All elements last for a long time: the effect of the ash lasts for 2-4 years. Moreover, they are absorbed in the quantity required by the culture at the moment. But experienced gardeners claim that with regular and long-term use of large amounts of ash, there is a risk of chlorosis, so you need to use ash in moderation.

Fertilization of grapes continues in the month of July, during the period of active development of the vine. Knowing what to feed grapes in July, a summer resident can achieve a high-quality harvest. The drug Plantafol-ovary has proven itself well. It is designed to stimulate berry growth. Gardeners advise combining fertilizer with watering. To do this, take a solution of fermented grass. For 10 liters of water, 2 liters of infusion are required. Add mineral complex fertilizers to it: about 5 grams. Potassium sulfate is also added: 2 grams. This mixture is enough for 3 square meters of planting. It is used both for very young seedlings and for adult bushes. A similar procedure is repeated weekly if the summer is dry.

The grapes are fertilized after flowering according to the following algorithm:

The necessary tools are prepared: bucket, drill, shovel.
The type of fertilizer is selected.
Digs up to 40 centimeters are dug around the fruit crop. In this case, the distance from the trunk is 50 centimeters, no less. Some make depressions in the form of a continuous trench around the plant.
Nutrient components are added to the cavity.
Water generously. Moisture promotes more efficient absorption of all microelements by the root system.
They dig a trench.

Gardeners, as a result of many years of experience, have developed a summer feeding scheme. It consists of the following:

The first time is fed 2-3 weeks before flowering. Use organic or mineral fertilizers. The main goal: to stimulate the active development of inflorescences, improve the setting of berries, and reduce the number of fallen ovaries and flowers. Wood ash, bird droppings and slurry have proven themselves to be good organic materials. They are first diluted with water. Of the mineral substances, superphosphate and nitrophosk are widely used.
The second time feeding is carried out 10-20 days after the end of flowering. At this stage, the goal is to activate shoot growth and improve fruit set. Apply the same fertilizers as the first time. To increase efficiency, they are supplemented with potassium magnesium sulfate.
The third time the grapes are fed when the berries reach the size of peas. During this period, the gardener’s goal is to increase productivity, improve the appearance and quality of berries, and improve the formation of buds for next year’s harvest. A mixture of superphosphate and potassium sulfate is widely used.

Autumn

Experienced gardeners know that autumn feeding of grapes is an important stage in plant care.

What is foliar feeding?

Foliar feeding of grapes, which is often done in the spring, helps increase productivity. But it can be carried out in summer or autumn. This is an excellent addition to the main feeding. The peculiarity is that all the beneficial substances come through the leaves. After all, it is known that grape leaves have an excellent ability to absorb all components diluted with water. In addition to fertility, a plant treated with this method also becomes more resistant to various types of ailments and pests.

Feeding the grapevine is an essential element of care. Without fertilizers, the plant will grow and bear fruit poorly. The soil should be saturated with many useful elements. But the land is not always like that, especially after it active use for growing. Therefore, the situation is corrected by introducing useful elements. At different times of the year, grapes need different microelements. A gardener must be able to understand the types of fertilizers and know how to apply them correctly. Then the plant will delight you with a bountiful harvest. Read the article: Calorie content of grapes and products made from them.

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: when and what to add

Home > Berries and fruits > Grapes > When and how to fertilize grapes correctly

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Grapes are a very resistant bush to heat, cold, and low amounts of nutrients. It is enough to simply plant girlish grapes, and they will grow and develop until they ripen. Grapes can easily survive drought, after which in a short time they regain strength, grow and continue to bear fruit.

Fertilizing grapes

Even in a semi-abandoned place you can expect berries from the grapes, but this does not mean that feeding the grapes is not necessary. If you decide to grow grapes professionally, you must know the best, how, when and in what quantities you can fertilize the roots, bushes and leaves, starting from the moment you purchased and planted young seedlings and ending with the period of fertility of adult grapes. Now we will talk about how grapes should be fed.

Grape feeding

Foliar feeding of grapes is used; foliar feeding and fertilization of roots and soil are no less important. Since it is not for nothing that the biggest fears of experienced winegrowers are plant diseases, feeding the grapes with fertilizers is required. Even with all the resistance and endurance, depending on the variety, grapes can be susceptible to a variety of diseases.

They are often associated with the fact that the gardener has chosen cuttings of a poor variety; the cause may also be a lack of nutrients or their oversaturation in the soil, which affects the quality of the berries: chlorosis occurs on the leaves, the roots undergo changes.

About the soil

Watering and fertilizing of grapes and their roots is always required. The first and most important factor is that the soil for grapes must initially be nutritious, rich in microelements, because grapes deplete the soil, and its fertility depends largely on the care and presence of microelements in the soil on which it grows. And if the land is depleted, you can’t expect a big harvest from the grapes: they will begin to grow poorly and become susceptible to disease due to a lack of nutrients. For example, in central Russia, in the Moscow region, it is almost impossible to grow grapes due to depleted and nutrient-poor soil. Accordingly, if a gardener wants to grow grapes, he needs to provide care for the plant both during planting of seedlings, before and before flowering, and during ripening, growth, before and after harvesting.

You need to know how best to fertilize the soil with minerals, microelements and other nutrients so that the grapes planted in it grow and can be expected to bear fruit quickly. There are different ways (foliar and root) of how to properly fertilize grapes and what means, depending on the variety and phase of the growing season, are best to use in each season. This is important to know if you decide to become a winegrower or are already one.

About nutrients

What nutrients does a grape bush need for better and rapid growth:

Potassium. At the end of summer and before autumn, fertilizing grapes with potassium chloride is very useful. It helps to meet the cold winter and ripen the vines and fruits during this cold season.
Thanks to copper, the roots of the plant become more frost-resistant, and resistance to drought also improves, which is important for the plant in the summer, so it can be fertilized both in the spring in preparation for the heat, and in the fall before winter.
The harvest can be expected to be larger and better in quality after fertilizing with zinc;
At the very beginning of flowering, feeding seedlings using phosphate fertilizers will help to ripen the inflorescence, berry ovaries and ripening of clusters. It is important that they are fed either before flowering or at the very beginning.
Nitrogen will help the ripening of young grapes. It can be applied after the grapes have survived the winter, at the very beginning of spring. Nitrogen promotes the growth of green mass, that is, leaves and shoots. With the onset of summer, the grapes' need for nitrogen decreases. Fertilizing grapes in July or August with nitrogen becomes harmful to the bushes. And the best scheme at this time is to feed seedlings with urea and ammonium nitrate or use azofoska.
Fertilizing with boric acid increases the sweetness of grape berries and accelerates their growth and ripening (for example, the Isabella variety is already sweet, fertilizing with boric acid is not necessary). Also, due to boron fertilization, pollen germinates better. Used as foliar fertilizers.

How to fertilize

There are different ways to fertilize grape bushes. Let's consider how to properly fertilize with mineral and organic substances, yeast, how to properly use wood ash, bird droppings, and manure.

Seedlings and already mature bushes are fed with mineral trace elements (sulfate, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, potassium chloride, etc.); you can also use fertilizers containing several elements to improve growth. These include ammophos, nitrophoska. It is also allowed to use multi-component products (florovit, novofert, aquarin).

Minerals or organic matter

You cannot think that only mineral microelements need to be fertilized with grape bushes. Feeding grapes with manure is very important. The root system needs nutrients from the air and into the ground different substances Organic fertilizers will help. They are also needed so that the roots are better saturated with minerals. In addition, the root system, thanks to rotted manure, receives the necessary substances: phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.

Manure can be replaced with compost and spraying and root treatment can be carried out. Every gardener can prepare it. For this, dried grass, sawdust, chicken droppings are used (droppings of other birds are also suitable, but chicken droppings are often in demand), and manure. Tree ash, branches and other organic waste are also used. One of the important organic fertilizers is bird droppings. It contains very valuable, easily digestible elements.

It is very easy to prepare bird droppings for use. This will require 4 liters of water and 1 liter of litter, after which it is diluted another 10 times to form a liquid suspension, and only after that it is introduced into the ground. For one bush, 0.5 liters is enough.

Potassium chloride is often replaced due to a large increase in the concentration of chlorine in the soil, which is why ash is often used. It can provide the bush with the presence of phosphate and potassium elements. Of the sunflower husks, the ash is the most useful. But in no case should you use ash fertilizer together with lime.

Indication of timing and methods of fertilization

For root feeding of grapes, you need to dig small holes, about 40 cm around each bush. Thanks to this move, the roots will better absorb and assimilate the substances introduced into the soil, especially when deciding to combine root and foliar treatments (spraying, watering).

Fertilizer calendar:

Spring is the beginning of growth and flowering of any plant. It can be very difficult for grapes to survive winter. And after cold weather (especially in the first year of a young bush after planting), it is imperative to bring the grapes back to normal. Ammonium nitrate in the amount of 20 g, potassium salt, which should be taken 10 g, and superphosphate (40 g) are diluted in 20 liters of water, which should be used for root treatment. The solution is enough for 2 bushes. And you need to feed the grapes with the same emulsion a couple of weeks before flowering.
Fertilizing of grapes during flowering, before ripening, is carried out with monophosphate or superphosphate, potassium (without nitrogen). These fertilizers are introduced into the soil;
If the harvest has already been harvested, you need to prepare for winter, and all grape feeding should be adjusted to increase frost resistance. It is good to use potassium for this.
Manure fertilizers (feeding grapes by spraying, root fertilizers) are also used during spring flowering.
Caring for grapes in July-June is to ensure that the bush does not deplete the soil and that there is a watering schedule during the dry months;
Approximately once every three years, in September, you need to fertilize the vineyard with ash with the addition of manure, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate.

It is important to distribute the soil around each bush, after which deep digging is done

If the soil is poor or sandy, you need to apply this fertilizer every second year, or even every first year. Don’t forget about foliar fertilization methods.

Caring for decorative varieties

If you think about how to feed grapes for the best effect, winegrowers use not only generally accepted methods of processing their green garden. From the moment the cuttings appear until the berries are fully ripened, gardeners often use folk remedies. Fertilization with mullein is also practiced, combined with fertilizing and watering the grapes.

If you decide to grow an ornamental (Vichi, virgin) or semi-ornamental (wild) variety, then, although feeding and fertilizing the grapes is not so important for them, this does not mean that you can do nothing with them until they ripen. Constant care is needed, which includes feeding the grape plant and trimming unnecessary vines. And these procedures must be completed in the first year.

Decorative varieties need to be fed due to the fact that there are no clusters of berries, and the leaf part of this variety is the main one. It is necessary to take care so that the leaf does not develop chlorosis of various origins and other diseases that can spoil the beauty of the vine and leaf. Summer treatment should be aimed at improving the soil and leaves so that chlorosis is not terrible, and the second half of autumn should be aimed at an excess of lime, which can lead to spots on the leaves and vines. This is why feeding grapes of any variety is important, only different preparations are used for different ones.

villaved.ru

How to care for grapes in June?

June is considered the most important month in growing grapes, since now there is an active development of bushes with flowering and the formation of the ovary of the future harvest. Summer residents begin summer work in the garden by pinching vigorous shoots. The purpose of the event is to facilitate pollination for plants. Pinching is carried out before the vineyard blooms at 5–10 cm of the growth point. What else can you do with grapes? Do you need to spray them, trim them and fertilize them in the first month of summer? Let us consider these and other pressing issues of viticulture in detail.

To obtain a high-quality harvest, the owner must ensure that there is only one bunch on each green shoot. Some varieties of the crop have the property of forming up to 4 clusters on a branch. But the plant cannot hold a large number of fruiting shoots, so it is advisable to leave only one cluster, especially if it must be large (if the plantation is filled with varieties Timur, Agat Donskoy, Aleshenkin Dar).

Weak shoots are always removed. Summer pruning grapes accelerates its development and promotes irradiation of the grapes with sunlight. Underdeveloped shoots produce a weak harvest and are of little use even due to the fact that nutrients are distributed unevenly by the plant. Barren shoots are partially pruned, leaving a few branches to preserve the stock. useful substances.

All green shoots that hatch out of place must also be pruned. Heavily pruned grapes promote the awakening of buds in the underground trunk. The so-called fattening or coppice shoots rarely bear fruit and worsen the lighting of the bush. If the growth is not needed for the formation of the plant, it is removed.

Grafting of grapes in June

In June and July, gardeners do green grafting of grapes, that is, green cuttings onto green shoots. Chubuki are cut from the bush of the desired variety on the eve of grafting, their tips are sharpened and inserted into the cut on the rootstock.

A combined grafting of grapes in the summer can be done in splits:

Cuttings are harvested in the fall and sharpened on both sides by 2–3 cm.
The material is kept in water until the buds swell.
The revived stems are grafted onto the vine in the spring so that the eyes of the rootstock and scion “look” in different directions.
The grafting site is sealed with special material or twine. The top is wrapped in polyethylene.

Nuances of June feeding

Both in May and June, grape bushes need feeding. Fertilize them 2 weeks before flowering, using a mixture of superphosphate, nitrogen substances and potassium salt (50: 40: 35). It is not customary to feed flowering grapes. 3-4 days after fertilizing the soil with minerals, summer residents engage in foliar fertilizing - the event improves the pollination process, increases the resistance of grapes to diseases and productivity, and also accelerates the process of formation of bunches. To achieve these goals, the grapes should be fed with the preparations Potassium Chloride, Humisol, Potassium Humate, Zinc Sulfate, Boric Acid.

How to fertilize grapes for the third time in June? The 3rd feeding in the process of caring for grapes is carried out during the formation of the ovary, using only phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. For 1 bush, 40–50 g of the substance is consumed, diluted in 15 liters of water. In June, grapes receive foliar feeding in the form of spraying with the following composition:

Iodine – 0.5 tsp.
Potassium humate – 1 tbsp. l.
Baking soda – 65 g.
Boric acid – 0.5 tbsp. l.
Manganese is on the tip of the knife.
Drug Kemira-Lux – 20 g.
Novosil preparation – 1 tsp.
Water – 10 l.

To protect fertilized grapes from possible diseases and pest attacks, fungicides Tiovit Jet and Ridomil Gold are applied.

In addition to traditional organic fertilizers, grapes are sometimes fed with folk remedies in the form of chicken droppings or manure. Poultry feces are kept in a container for 10–15 days to ferment, then diluted with water 1:20. Manure is used either in a rotted state, embedded in the soil, or diluted with water similar to the recipe with chicken droppings.

When caring for grapes, green fertilizing is done by planting peas between the rows. The flowering legume crop is dug up and compacted, enriching the nursery with additional benefits.

Spraying grapes in June

During May and June, the bushes are periodically inspected for damage by fungal diseases and pests. If the leaves are covered yellow spots or ash coating, the garden needs to be sprayed as soon as possible before flowering begins:

Against mildew – Ridomil Gold.
From oidium - Topaz.
For spider mites - Fufanon.

It is better to spray fruit-bearing vines with a solution of baking soda or manganese crystals.

Stepsoning

Pinching in June, as a type of green operation on grapes, involves removing shoots growing from the axil of the main leaf. The procedure is carried out throughout the growing season, since excess shoots take nutrients from the plant.

If you do not know how to properly shoot grapes, but you see that in June the shoots create a strong thickening, you should get rid of them immediately. Otherwise, the stepsons will worsen the ventilation of the bush and the ripening of the vine, and will also contribute to the development of diseases.

If the crop has formed few shoots, the stepsons will become an additional source of food for it. As a result, the bunches will gain more sugar, and the crop will ripen earlier. Agronomists do not have a unanimous opinion regarding grape growing. Summer residents decide whether to remove excess shoots based on the condition of the bush. Table varieties are left with one brush to shoot, technical varieties - 2 - 3.

Garter

Timely staking of green shoots is needed for ventilation, improved illumination and the formation of shrubs. Clinging to the support with their tendrils, the plants will independently reach for the sun. For gartering, soft materials are used that can rot in the ground without clogging the nursery. Plants are tied up with a reserve according to the figure-eight principle. This will help avoid friction of the shoots on the trellis.

Planting grapes in June

From the end of May to the end of June, grapes can be planted using green vegetative plantings. In the shade of trees, the material is hardened for 4–6 days, then exposed to direct Sun rays for 7 – 10 days. Planting pits for vegetative plants, they dig to a depth of 25–30 cm. They are prepared in advance so that periodic abundant watering helps the soil settle.

After the last watering, the seedling, together with a lump of earth, is lowered into the hole, sprinkled with fertile soil and the area is compacted. Next, the plant is watered and a support peg is placed nearby. In the first year of the growing season, leave one shoot on the bush and make sure that it does not get untied from the peg. All stepsons are carefully removed.

In conclusion, be sure to pay attention to the selection of visual video materials on the topic of Grapes in June - what to do (video stories based on popular requests: how to care, how to prune, how to root, what to feed and protect from diseases).

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LozaVed.ru » Growing and care » Grape feeding scheme

Grapes are a garden crop that can be found in every summer cottage or vegetable garden. But so that the bush gives every year good harvest, it needs to be properly looked after. Particular attention should be paid to feeding the vineyard. Experts have developed fertilizer application schemes that are adjusted depending on the zone in which the crop grows and the vineyard variety. Let's consider why fertilizing grapes is needed in general, and how to carry it out correctly.

Fertilizing grapes

Why fertilize grapes?

Caring for grapes does not consist only of covering the bush for the winter and cutting off unnecessary shoots. Like any other garden crop, a vineyard needs certain substances, which it ideally receives from the soil. If one or another component is missing, the plant begins to bear fruit poorly and become sick. Therefore, fertilizers should be applied that compensate for the lack of one or another element. But, at the same time, it should be remembered that an excess of even the most useful element can lead to the appearance of bush diseases. Therefore, all fertilizers should be applied in a certain sequence.

Many people ask why wildlife All plants grow well without fertilizing. In the wild, most of the crop falls to the ground, rotting there. It turns out that all the components that the bush took from the soil during the fruiting period are returned back. When shrubs are cultivated, the entire harvest is harvested. It is also worth noting the fact that in the wild the vineyard grows only on those soils that are suitable for it. When planting shrubs in the country, we don’t think about whether the soil has everything necessary for this plant or not.

For fertilizing to be effective, it must be done in certain time. In addition, each period corresponds to a specific fertilizer.

How to fertilize a vineyard

Before answering the question, you should understand what grapes need for normal growth and development. This shrub needs nitrogen, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc and boron. Accordingly, fertilizing grapes involves adding fertilizers to the soil that contain the above-mentioned microelements.

All fertilizers applied to grape bushes are divided into 2 groups:

basic;
additional or top dressing.

Basic fertilizers are usually applied no more than once every 24 months. An exception is made if the soil is excessively depleted. Additional fertilizers or, as they are more often called, fertilizing are applied several times a season in small quantities. We apply fertilizer in liquid form.

In addition to manure, which is used as a top dressing for all garden crops, we add peat, potassium, compost, potassium sulfate, bird droppings, phosphorus, saltpeter, nitrogen, etc. to the grape bushes.

Manure is the main fertilizer, which contains everything that is needed for the health of the grape bush. By and large, manure improves the quality of the soil and makes it more fertile. An alternative to manure is any organic matter. We add overripe manure to the soil, which contains the mineral elements necessary for the vineyard (phosphorus, for example).

Any mineral fertilizer can act as fertilizing. We give preference to fertilizers that contain several mineral elements. Ammophos, azophoska and nitroammophoska are effective.

In addition to mineral fertilizers, which contain several components, potassium chloride, phosphorus, potassium sulfate, nitrogen, potassium magnesia, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, granulated superphosphate, urea, and ash are used as fertilizers.

Feeding calendar

In order for the bush to be healthy and produce a good harvest every year, it needs to be fed five times a day. summer season.

1st feeding

In early spring We do the first feeding. As soon as the warm sun appears, we add a 3-component fertilizer to the soil, which is easy to make yourself. To feed one grape bush, dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt in 10 liters of water. If you are preparing fertilizer for all the bushes at once, then use a measuring bucket when adding it to the soil. You should not add more substance to the soil than 10 liters.

The second option for the first fertilizing involves adding superphosphate (40 g), nitrogen (40 g) and potassium (30 g) fertilizers to the soil. IN in this case Fertilizers are applied in dry form. The weight of fertilizers is indicated per 1 bush.

At the same time, you can fertilize the bush liquid fertilizers. But make sure that they do not contain chlorine. It is important to properly fertilize the bush. First we make a hole near the bush. Then, into this hole we pour 10 liters of preheated (but not hot) water, fertilizers diluted in water, and water again. The drugs are diluted based on the manufacturer's recommendations. We wait until the soil dries. Then gently loosen it. Even during the first feeding, the bush is fertilized with ammonium sulfate.

This is the only feeding that occurs in the spring. All other grape feedings are carried out in the summer.

2nd feeding

The second time we fertilize the grape bushes 1.5-2 weeks before flowering. Depending on the climate zone it could be the end of May or the beginning of June. If we talk about the Moscow region, for example, then we carry out the second feeding of grapes in early June. At this stage, you can use exactly the same 3-component liquid fertilizer as during the first feeding.

You can prepare liquid fertilizer from 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 40 g of potassium fertilizers, 50 g of superphosphates and 10 liters of water. At the same time, we add chicken droppings diluted in water or a slurry made from manure into the soil. To prepare liquid fertilizers, manure and water are taken in a ratio of 1:2. After preparing the slurry, it is left for at least a week, and preferably 1.5, in a barrel. Accordingly, fermented fertilizer is used, having previously diluted it with water (ratio 1:6). Superphosphate and potassium fertilizers can be added to the resulting mixture (20 and 15 g per 10 liters of water, respectively). Before adding slurry to the soil, dig a ditch or hole near the bush. We add, on average, 1.5 buckets of slurry per bush.

3rd feeding

This grape feeding is carried out in July. Depending on the climatic conditions timing may vary. This feeding of grapes is done after flowering, just before the berries ripen, the size of which should correspond to the size of peas. At this stage, the shrub needs potassium fertilizer. We also add superphosphate to the soil. But nitrogen is not added during the third feeding. You can prepare complex fertilizers (as during the second feeding, for example).

If you carry out the third feeding of the vineyard in a timely manner, the yield will increase by at least 1.5 times. The appearance of the berries will also improve.

4th feeding

As soon as the berries begin to ripen, and this will happen in the second half of August, you should fertilize the bushes for the fourth time. How to feed grapes during the period that falls at the end of July or beginning of August? Be sure to apply fertilizers that contain potassium (50 g per bush is enough). It would also be a good idea to add fertilizers that contain phosphorus. For 1 bush, 100 g of fertilizer is enough. Accordingly, we also add 50 g of phosphorus fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded at this stage.

5th feeding

Last time Fertilize the bush after harvesting. The best feeding at this stage – potash fertilizers. They will help the vineyard survive winter frosts.

Types of fertilizing

Regardless of whether fertilizing is done during the ripening of the berries or only at the stage of the appearance of the ovary, it can be carried out different ways.

Root feeding

Root feeding of grapes assumes that fertilizers will be applied directly to the soil. It is aimed at strengthening the roots of the plant. As a matter of fact, the above-described feeding schedule is a root feeding scheme. Many limit themselves to adding nutrients to the soil, considering this a sufficient measure for the normal development of the shrub. However, this is a misconception. Root feeding alone is not enough.

Foliar or foliar feeding

Leaves are cared for through foliar feeding. At the same time, foliar feeding of grapes is no less important than root feeding. And you need to understand that it is not an alternative to root feeding. As a rule, it is performed simultaneously with spraying the bushes against diseases. As in the case of root feeding, experts recommend doing it 4 times. But, at the same time, the timing of applying fertilizers is somewhat different.

The first foliar feeding of grapes is carried out before the bush blooms. We spray the plant a second time after the ovary has appeared. The third spraying occurs at the beginning of the ripening of the clusters, and the fourth is done after the berries have softened. You can treat shrubs with boric acid. But gardeners have differing opinions about the advisability of such an action. It is more advisable to prepare complex solutions with boric acid.

There are preparations on sale that can be used to spray vineyards on green leaves before the ovary appears and during fruiting. They are usually sold as a dry concentrate. Before use, they must be diluted with water according to the instructions. Some gardeners perform fertilizing on green leaves before the ovary appears, considering spraying of formed bunches inappropriate. But such feeding will not harm both before and during flowering. This is due to the fact that the leaves are treated with drugs that are harmless to the human body.

Non-basic fertilizing

In addition to the main five grape feedings, you can additionally apply fertilizers. So feeding grapes during flowering is done using folk remedies (the same ash, for example). If the vine does not ripen, then use monophosphate, which will solve this problem. And to speed up the ripening process of berries, they use preparations that contain phosphorus. You can also fertilize the bush with preparations that contain boric acid.

Feeding during planting of cuttings can also be considered non-essential. In addition to organic matter, superphosphate, wood ash, and potassium salt are placed in the prepared hole. This will allow the cutting to sprout quickly. A cutting planted in this way will grow quickly and produce a harvest in the second year. At correct landing For the first few years, you don’t need to worry about fertilizing at all. It is enough to add preparations that allow the berries to gain sugar and ripen faster (this should be done in the first months of summer), promoting the growth of young shoots. You can limit yourself to cultivating the vineyard according to the green leaf. But we use drugs that are intended for this method of processing.

Rules for performing fertilizing

Feeding grapes with fertilizers will give desired result only if it is done correctly.

All necessary substances must be added to the soil in a timely manner.
It is advisable to water and fertilize grapes with liquid fertilizers at the same time. However, you should not over-fill the soil.
Foliar feeding of shrubs is carried out in calm weather. It is better to spray the vineyard after sunset. In this case, you should carefully select the equipment for spraying. The smaller the size of the droplets falling on the leaves, the better the result of the procedure.
To achieve maximum effect from the procedure, root and foliar feeding should be carried out simultaneously.
Before adding liquid solutions to the soil, you first need to make a depression. There are components, nitrogen, for example, that evaporate in air. Therefore, they must penetrate into the ground as quickly as possible. There is also a group of elements that are considered sedentary. So they can stay in surface layers soil and not reach the root system of the bush.
Feeding grapes in July and August nitrogen fertilizers can't be done. The same applies to chicken manure and mullein, used in the form of liquid solutions. Otherwise, the growth of the vine will be delayed, and the harvest will ripen quite late. But it is advisable to fertilize grapes in June with nitrogen fertilizers. In the spring, fertilize the soil with ammonium nitrate.
Choose high-quality fertilizer, both for root feeding of grapes and for foliar feeding. And remember that summer treatment is different from winter treatment. In the first case, you need to saturate the soil with elements that promote the growth of shoots and ripening of berries. When processing for the winter, you need to strengthen the roots.
Hang the grape feeding diagram in the most visible place, and mark all the actions performed. This will help you not miss a single spray. The calendar for processing shrubs and trees is practically the same. Therefore, you can create a single schedule for the entire garden, with a field for notes.

Important points

It is worth adding various microelements to the soil not only in summer, but throughout the year. It is very important to choose the right seedlings. For example, varieties such as Isabella and girl's grapes grow well on any soil. There are varieties that are demanding on the soil, and if there is a lack of certain microelements, they grow extremely poorly.

When planting seedlings, you need to add a sufficient amount of fertilizer to the soil in order to maximally saturate it with microelements.

Organic fertilizers have been and remain environmentally friendly

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It is also worth understanding that the methods of feeding adult grapes and annual seedlings are different. So, more organic matter is added to mature bushes, and mineral preparations to young bushes. Even if you fertilize a young bush with droppings or manure, dilute it with water. A liquid form of fertilizer is best suited for seedlings. This is due to the fact that water quickly reaches the roots, through which the bush is nourished. And this promotes plant growth.

The packaging of each fertilizer indicates in what month, or at what stage of development of the bush it is advisable to use it. Do not deviate from these recommendations, and do not forget to enrich the soil with microelements after harvesting.

Watering is carried out after applying dry fertilizers under the roots. If we are talking about treating green leaves with liquid preparations, then the bush should be watered after it has absorbed all the useful components from the solution used.

Conclusion

Caring for any garden crop involves the application of fertilizers. It is necessary to fertilize the soil several times per season. Young seedlings require special attention. In addition to root dressings, foliar fertilizers should be applied. Be sure to fertilize the soil with mullein. In addition to using the fertilizers described above, you can use folk remedies. So, for example, grapes can be fed with ash or yeast. You can sprinkle the bushes with dry ash, or you can dilute it in water.

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