When starting to design a house, a separate item will be the project estimate. It is not difficult to compose it, knowing how to correctly calculate how much material is required for construction and how much it will total. Today we will deal with an issue that faces difficulties in solving for beginners buying lumber. Timber is in demand when building a house, bathhouse or other buildings. But not everyone knows how much timber is in a cube. It's important though. Knowing the formula for calculating the quantity of certain materials, you will always buy as much as required, without running around looking for missing elements or throwing away excess.
All lumber is sold in cubes or linear meters. Any purchase requires knowledge and attention so as not to get into trouble. There are sellers or manufacturers who are trying to get more profit from selling lumber. The product is sold in cubes, and exact amount Not all timber or boards will be named to you. Timber and other lumber have different sizes. Therefore, the number of parts in one pack may vary. By applying the formula, you can easily calculate the amount of any lumber in a cube. As a basis, we will take an element with a cross-section of 100*100 and a length of 6 meters. We need to find out how many pieces of timber will be in one cube.
First, let's calculate the cubic capacity of one piece of a given size. It is necessary to multiply all values: 0.1*0.1*6=0.06 m3 in one beam. Now we find out how many such elements are in one cube: A = 1/0.06 A = 16.66 pieces. A is the value of the number of parts in one cube. We learned that in one cube of lumber with a cross-section of 100*100 and a length of 6 m, there are only 16 pieces with a remainder of 0.66. General formula may look like this: A=1/(a*b*c) where: A is the number of parts of any lumber in a cube; a is the width of the part; c - height or thickness of the part; c is the length of the part. By applying such a simple formula, you can find out how many boards, timber, logs, etc. should be in one cube. But sometimes the manufacturer does not produce all parts of the same length. Variations are possible +/- 100 mm.
What does it mean? For example, a board or timber instead of the stated 200*200*6000, maybe 195*195*6050. This is possible because the manufacturer does not align the ends of the workpieces to the same standard. So it turns out that some boards are the same size, while others in the pack are different. But the whole pack is counted as a cube. In such situations, it is better to make trial measurements of selected lumber to be sure of the quality and quantity of the product. But you shouldn’t think that all manufacturers or sellers are trying to deceive the customer. Serious companies value their reputation and strive for a single standard
Ease of use of a calculator or tables
Calculating lumber manually is not always convenient. You can use a calculator to calculate the amount of a particular material or cubic capacity of wood. Our website provides a convenient calculator that will allow you to easily set the necessary calculation parameters and get the desired result. When making a construction estimate, use the calculator on our website so as not to look for a desktop calculator. IN in electronic format It’s convenient to change any parameter while leaving others unchanged. Then calculating the required cubic capacity or the number of pieces of lumber will not seem difficult or incomprehensible. It's very convenient and fast.
Tables for exact calculations of the quantities of different lumber
You can use tables that indicate the values for boards, timber for various purposes, scopes of application. Find the required column and row of the table, get exact value. For example, the table shows that a 150*150 beam can have different lengths from 2 to 6 meters. The cubic capacity of one part of different lengths will be different, which will affect the amount of timber in one cubic meter. With a length of 2 meters, the cubic capacity of one board of timber will be 0.045 m3, and in 1 m3 there will be 22 solid boards 2 meters long, 14 pieces 3 meters long, 7.5 pieces 6 meters long.
Everything is quite simple. Below we present tables of lumber used in construction wooden house, roofs, finishing rough and finishing floors, ceilings. Please note that lumber can be either standard size, which has a certain price, or non-standard, made to order. The cost of non-standard timber is higher than for standard material. Table of values standard sizes timber No. 1
- W - beam width;
- G—beam depth;
- D is the length of the beam.
Table of values for non-standard dimensions of timber No. 2.
| timber custom size(W*D*D mm) | Volume of 1 piece in m3 | Number of pieces in 1m3 |
| 90*90*2000/3000/6000 | 0,0162/0,0243/0,0486 | 61,73/41,16/20,58 |
| 90*140 | 0,0252/0,0378/0,0756 | 39,7/26,46/13,23 |
| 90*190 | 0,0342/0,0513/0,1026 | 29,24/19,5/9,75 |
| 100*250 | 0,05/0,075/0,15 | 20/13,34/6,67 |
| 100*300 | 0,06/0,09/0,18 | 16,67/11,11/5,56 |
| 140*140 | 0,0392/0,0588/0,1176 | 25,5/17/8,5 |
| 140*190 | 0,0532/0,0798/0,1596 | 18,8/12,53/6,3 |
| 150*250 | 0,075/0,1125/0,225 | 13,34/8,9/4,45 |
| 150*300 | 0,09/0,135/0,27 | 11,11/7,4/3,7 |
| 190*190 | 0,0722/0,1083/0,2166 | 13,85/9,23/4,6 |
| 200*250 | 0,1/0,15/0,3 | 10/6,67/3,34 |
| 200*300 | 0,12/0,18/0,36 | 8,33/5,56/2,8 |
| 250*300 | 0,15/0,225/0,45 | 6,67/4,45/2,23 |
| 300*300 | 0,18/0,27/0,54 | 5,56/3,71/1,86 |
When designing a house made of timber, it is necessary to include in the estimate not only the timber for the box, but also everything additional elements Required lumber:
- boards;
- beams;
- rafter system;
- roof sheathing.
Knowing required amount parts for floors, roofs, ceilings, ceilings, you don’t have to hire a machine for each material separately. You can purchase everything at once from one seller, possibly receiving a discount. Select the appropriate size to find out how many pieces of boards are in one cube of lumber. Table of values of consumable lumber: boards, bars No. 3
| Board (W*D*D mm) | Volume of 1 piece in m3 | Number of pieces in 1m3 |
| 22*100*6 | 0,0132 | 75,8 |
| 22*150*6 | 0,0198 | 50,5 |
| 22*200*6 | 0,0264 | 37,9 |
| 25*100*6 | 0,015 | 66,7 |
| 25*150*6 | 0,0225 | 44,5 |
| 25*200*6 | 0,03 | 33,34 |
| 32*100*6 | 0,0192 | 52 |
| 32*150*6 | 0,0288 | 34,7 |
| 32*200*6 | 0,0384 | 26 |
| 40*100*6 | 0,024 | 41,67 |
| 40*150*6 | 0,036 | 27,8 |
| 40*200*6 | 0,048 | 20,8 |
| 50*100*6 | 0,03 | 33,34 |
| 50*150*6 | 0,045 | 22,23 |
| 50*200*6 | 0,06 | 16,67 |
| Floor board | ||
| 36*106*6 | 0,0229 | 43,7 |
| 36*136*6 | 0,0294 | 34 |
| 45*136*6 | 0,0375 | 26,7 |
| Bar | ||
| 40*40*3 | 0,0048 | 208,3 |
| 50*50*3 | 0,006 | 166,7 |
| 40*80*3 | 0,0096 | 104,16 |
| 50*50*3 | 0,0075 | 133,4 |
Thus, the tables help to correctly calculate the amount of lumber needed for building a wooden house. Even a cunning seller cannot deceive a person who has information. But knowing the formula presented at the beginning of the article, you can calculate how many boards of timber are in one cubic meter at the place of purchase of goods.
What else affects the amount of timber and other lumber?
Do not forget about the properties of wood when calculating necessary materials for building a house. Any tree dries out over time or gains moisture. Depends on the storage conditions of lumber. When purchasing or calculating timber with natural humidity, it is necessary to lay an additional number of boards. The timber may dry out during preparation for construction. Then there will not be enough material for the planned frame, floor, roof. The number of elements will not change, but the size of the parts may change significantly in depth and height. The length usually does not change in wood.
In order not to make a mistake at the time of design, take a timber with a margin of 4-5 pieces, or buy dry lumber, its volume will not change much. The volume of laminated veneer lumber is practically unchanged, the production of which involves the use of only dried lamellas. But each timber must be calculated not only in piece quantities, but also in volume. When ordering a vehicle to deliver material to the site, you need to know the volume so that the vehicle does not turn out to be too small for delivery.
It’s easy to calculate the volume of a product if you know the mathematical formula or use the calculator on the website. V= (A*B*C)*K, where V is the total volume; A is the height of one part; B - width of one part; C - length of one part; K - number of parts. For example, you need to find out how much the volume of 30 pieces of timber 200*200*3000 mm will be. We convert each parameter to meters. V = (0.2*0.2*3)*30 V = 3.6 m3. For delivery, you will need a vehicle with a side length of at least 3 meters and a van volume of 3.6 m3. For the rest of the product, it is also easy to calculate the total volume and add it to the volume of the timber. If the boards are 6 meters long, they are not supposed to be cut; the length of the side must be no less than the length of the product. Protrusion of long bars with an identification mark is allowed.
How much does lumber weigh in grams?
An equally important indicator is how much a timber or board weighs. This is necessary to calculate the foundation of a wooden house. Any log, board, beam puts pressure on the foundation. If the weight future box with everyone load-bearing elements, furniture, people, etc. is calculated incorrectly, there will be a danger of destruction of the foundation of the house. This will lead to serious consequences. Many construction companies, offering ready-made house kits or lumber for construction, they themselves calculate the load wooden structure on the foundation. But you can do all the calculations yourself, having at hand a piece of paper, a pen, a calculator and the exact values of the properties of the material.
The weight of the wood changes. It depends on the influence environment, growing area, type of tree and processing technology. Wood with natural moisture is an order of magnitude heavier than dry timber or boards. But the tree shrinks, leading to a reduction in the load on the foundation of the house and a reduction in the dimensions of the building. It is more profitable to purchase lumber in dry form, it weighs less, but its price will be higher than parts with natural moisture. Most often, timber is made from coniferous wood, less often from larch and cedar. Each tree has its own density and weight. Larch has the highest density - about 700 kg/m3; spruce and pine 460 and 530 kg/m3. These are average figures. It all depends on the growing conditions of the tree. Knowing the density of the timber, it is easy to calculate how much the box weighs by multiplying the density by the volume of all material for the walls, and multiplying the figure by 2. For example, for the box of a house made of timber, 20 m3 of lumber is required. We are building the house from pine, the density of which is 530 g/m3. (20*530)*2=21,200 kg - the weight of the structure pressing on the foundation. If a house has four walls, one wall has a weight of 5300 kg, which is important when calculating the foundation. (coefficient = 2 - additional weight of the house, residents without load-bearing walls; walls are calculated by the total weight of lumber around the perimeter).
So, we have found out several important digital values of timber and other lumber used in construction. Using our recommendations, studying the tables, or using a calculator for calculating the amount of timber, you can independently calculate the required amount of material and its weight on the foundation. Having mastered the formulas, you can save on the services of designers and not be deceived by sellers. By looking at information about the prices of timber or boards from different manufacturers, you can create a financial report of construction costs. Lumber is sold at a price per cubic meter or linear meter. You can pay only for the amount of material that was originally calculated, and not overpaying for waste. Share the information received with your friends who are planning to start construction, so that they know how much timber is in a cube, how much one beam or board costs. Here is a table of average prices for timber.
Be careful when choosing building materials. Knowing simple things will allow you to save your budget and avoid unnecessary movements.
Usually, a ready-made table for calculating the cubic capacity of round timber is used for calculations. Vertical - trunk diameter in centimeters (the average figure between the largest and lowest value), horizontally - the length of the log in meters.
Forest cubic capacity calculation table
Forest cubic capacity calculation table
| Diameter to cm | length in m | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2,5 | 3 | 3,5 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 | |
| 14 | 0.016m 3 | 0.025m 3 | 0.035m 3 | 0.043m 3 | 0.052m 3 | 0.061m 3 | 0.073m 3 | 0.084m 3 | 0.097m 3 | 0.11m 3 | 0.123m 3 | 0.135m 3 | 0.15m 3 | 0.164m 3 | 0.179m 3 |
| 16 | 0.021m 3 | 0.035m 3 | 0.044m 3 | 0.056m 3 | 0.069m 3 | 0.082m 3 | 0.095m 3 | 0.11m 3 | 0.124m 3 | 0.14m 3 | 0.155m 3 | 0.172m 3 | 0.189m | 0.2m 3 | 0.22m 3 |
| 18 | 0.027m 3 | 0.04m 3 | 0.056m 3 | 0.07m 3 | 0.086m 3 | 0.103m 3 | 0.12m 3 | 0.138m 3 | 0.156m 3 | 0.17m 3 | 0.194m 3 | 0.2m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.28m 3 |
| 20 | 0.033m 3 | 0.051m 3 | 0.069m 3 | 0.087m 3 | 0.107m 3 | 0.126m 3 | 0.147m 3 | 0.17m 3 | 0.19m 3 | 0.21m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.26m 3 | 0.28m 3 | 0.3m 3 | 0.33m 3 |
| 22 | 0.04m 3 | 0.062m 3 | 0.084m 3 | 0.107m 3 | 0.13m 3 | 0.154m 3 | 0.178m 3 | 0.2m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.28m 3 | 0.31m 3 | 0.34m 3 | 0.37m 3 | 0.4m 3 |
| 24 | 0.048m 3 | 0.075m 3 | 0.103m 3 | 0.13m 3 | 0.157m 3 | 0.184m 3 | 0.21m 3 | 0.24m 3 | 0.27m 3 | 0.3 m 3 | 0.33m 3 | 0.36m 3 | 0.4m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.47m 3 |
| 26 | 0.057m 3 | 0.089m 3 | 0.123m 3 | 0.154m 3 | 0.185m 3 | 0.21m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.28m 3 | 0.32m 3 | 0.35m 3 | 0.39m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.46m 3 | 0.5m 3 | 0.54m 3 |
| 28 | 0.067m 3 | 0.104m 3 | 0.144m 3 | 0.18m 3 | 0.22m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.29m 3 | 0.33m 3 | 0.37m 3 | 0.41m 3 | 0.45m 3 | 0.49m 3 | 0.53m 3 | 0.58m 3 | 0.63m 3 |
| 30 | 0.077m 3 | 0.119m 3 | 0.165m 3 | 0.2m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.29m 3 | 0.33m 3 | 0.38m 3 | 0.42m 3 | 0.47m 3 | 0.52m 3 | 0.56m 3 | 0.61m 3 | 0.66m 3 | 0.72m 3 |
| 32 | 0.087m 3 | 0.135m 3 | 0.19m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.28m 3 | 0.33m 3 | 0.38m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.48m 3 | 0.53m 3 | 0.59m 3 | 0.64m 3 | 0.7 m 3 | 0.76m 3 | 0.82m 3 |
| 34 | 0.1m 3 | 0.15m 3 | 0.21m 3 | 0.26m 3 | 0.32m 3 | 0.37m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.49m 3 | 0.54m 3 | 0.6 m 3 | 0.66m 3 | 0.72m 3 | 0.78m 3 | 0.85m 3 | 0.92m 3 |
| 36 | 0.11m 3 | 0.17m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.29m 3 | 0.36m 3 | 0.42m 3 | 0.48m 3 | 0.54m 3 | 0.6m 3 | 0.67m 3 | 0.74m 3 | 0.8m 3 | 0.88m 3 | 0.95m 3 | 1.02m 3 |
| 38 | 0.12m 3 | 0.19m 3 | 0.26m 3 | 0.32m 3 | 0.39m 3 | 0.46m 3 | 0.53m 3 | 0.6m 3 | 0.67m 3 | 0.74m 3 | 0.82m 3 | 0.9m 3 | 0.97m 3 | 1.05m 3 | 1.13m 3 |
| 40 | 0.14m 3 | 0.21m 3 | 0.28m 3 | 0.36m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.50m 3 | 0.58m 3 | 0.66m 3 | 0.74m 3 | 0.82m 3 | 0.90m 3 | 0.99m 3 | 1.07m 3 | 1.16m 3 | 1.25m 3 |
| 42 | 0.15m 3 | 0.23m 3 | 0.31m 3 | 0.39m 3 | 0.47m 3 | 0.56m 3 | 0.64m 3 | 0.73m 3 | 0.81m 3 | 0.9m 3 | 1m 3 | 1.08m 3 | 1.18m 3 | 1.28m 3 | 1.38m 3 |
| 44 | 0.16m 3 | 0.25m 3 | 0.34m 3 | 0.43m 3 | 0.52m 3 | 0.61m 3 | 0.7m 3 | 0.8m 3 | 0.89m 3 | 0.99m 3 | 1.09m 3 | 1.2m 3 | 1.3m 3 | 1.40m 3 | 1.51m 3 |
| 46 | 0.18m 3 | 0.27m 3 | 0.37m 3 | 0.47m 3 | 0.57m 3 | 0.67m 3 | 0.77m 3 | 0.87m 3 | 0.94m 3 | 1.08m 3 | 1.19m 3 | 1.31m 3 | 1.41m 3 | 1.53m 3 | 1.65m 3 |
| 48 | 0.19m 3 | 0.3m 3 | 0.41m 3 | 0.51m 3 | 0.62m 3 | 0.73m 3 | 0.84m 3 | 0.95m 3 | 1.06m 3 | 1.18m 3 | 1.3m 3 | 1.41m 3 | 1.54m 3 | 1.67m 3 | 1.80m 3 |
Calculation of cubic capacity of round timber
The table provided is convenient if you need to calculate the volume of one or more logs. When you need to find out the cubic capacity of a large amount of forest, it can take too much time, so it is better to use another method - recalculate the folded cubic meter into a dense one cubic meter.
You can do it like this:
- Place the logs in stacks, alternately distributing thin and thick ends in opposite directions.
- If you come across short pieces of logs, they can be joined together.
- If the forest consists of logs up to 2 m or more, make two stacks - in the first place two-meter logs or less, and in the second those that are more than 2 m in length.
- Try to make the stacks shaped like a rectangle with even corners.
- Measure the width, length and height of each stack separately and multiply the resulting values - this is how you will find out the folded cubic capacity of the forest.
- Multiplying the resulting figure by a coefficient, you get the mass of dense cubic capacity. The coefficient for forests without bark up to 2 m is 0.48, more than 2 m – 0.43. The coefficient for forests with bark up to 2 m is 0.56, and for more than 2 m – 0.50.
Of course, so that you do not waste your time, warehouse workers will offer you their services, but this is such a delicate matter that the figure may be far from accurate, and, of course, not in your favor.
More detailed data for log diameters from 10 to 40 cm.
Log diameter is from 40 to 75 cm.
Table for calculating the cubic capacity of logs with a diameter from 75 to 110 cm:
Calculation of cubic capacity of boards and timber
The easiest way to calculate the volume is edged boards when they are bought in large quantities. All material is arranged in piles so that the boards fit tightly to each other and have the same length. Then the height, width and length of the stacks are measured with a tape measure, the resulting numbers are multiplied, and you find out the cubic capacity of the forest. In this way, you can measure the volume of timber and edged boards, which have the same parameters along their entire length.
To calculate the cubic capacity of an unedged board, we do the same thing, only the final result is multiplied by a coefficient. The value of the coefficient (from 0.7 to 0.9) is determined by the air gaps between the laid material, and the smaller these spaces, the higher the coefficient is applied.
Calculation of the volume of a single material
You can calculate the volume of one edged board in a similar way - measure its length, width and height, multiply them, and you will get the cubic capacity of this board. If the board is unedged, determine its average parameters. To do this, measure the narrowest width and the widest, fold and then divide in half, and do the same with the height. By multiplying the resulting numbers, you will determine the volume of the unedged board.
Before purchasing floorboards, you need to calculate how many cubes of lumber are needed to construct a certain structure. Wherein exact calculation can be done using a regular calculator, knowing the area of the room and the thickness of the board. Such skills will be useful to you not only in order to calculate the volume of lumber for flooring, but also if you decide to build a house, because wood products are used to construct various structures.
Since the price of all lumber when sold is charged per cubic meter, it is important to be able to calculate the need for this particular unit of measurement. This way, not only the number of boards is calculated, but also other lumber, for example, timber, slats, etc. The thing is that products with the same cross-section may differ in length. Therefore, after determining the volume, you can understand how many floorboards there will be in one cube.
It is important to know: when purchasing boards made from valuable wood, products are sold individually. The thing is that the price of such coatings is too high, and when calculating in cubes there is a small error.
When calculating, it is better to use a regular calculator. This way you can get a more accurate result and take into account all the nuances future design Houses. Although, if you need to find out how many cubes of boards, for example, 50 mm thick, will be needed to construct a floor, you can also use an online calculator. He can perform such a simple calculation correctly. However, it is always a good idea to be able to count the amount of lumber by hand.
When building a house or laying a floor, the calculations are carried out in the same order:
- First you need to calculate the total volume of lumber in cubes. Knowing the moisture content of the wood, you can determine the weight of the entire material. This will help you decide which product delivery method to choose.
Advice: when ordering a carrier, it is better to indicate an inflated weight (10-15% more). This way you won’t have problems with the load, because the wood moisture content stated by the manufacturer may be a little more or less.
- Next, knowing the dimensions of the boards, you need to calculate the volume of one element. Then you can find out how many products will be in the cube. Multiplying this number by the number of cubes, you get total number floorboards for your floor design.
However, such a simple calculation is applicable for edged elements, because they are processed on all sides and when they are stacked, there are practically no gaps left. To calculate how many cubes of unedged boards are needed for a floor, you will have to use a correction factor, because due to the untreated sides of the product, too many gaps will remain when stacked.
Calculation example
Let’s assume that in your house you want to cover a room with dimensions of 5x6 m with a 50 mm thick floorboard. We calculate the volume of lumber and the number of products in the following sequence:
- Find the area of the room: 6x5=30 m².
- Since we decided to use a board with a thickness of 50 mm or 0.05 m, the lag step can be 1 meter.
- Knowing the thickness of the element and the area of the room, we obtain the volume of lumber: 30 m² x 0.05 m = 1.5 m³.
- Now using a calculator, you can calculate how many floorboards you will need. To do this, knowing the dimensions of the floorboard, we calculate its volume: 2m x 0.05 m x 0.13 m = 0.013 m³. Now we divide the total volume of lumber by the resulting number for an element with a thickness of 50 mm: 1.5: 0.013 = 115 boards.
Thus, using a regular calculator, you can calculate the need for other lumber for building a house: paneling, timber, slats.
Lumber is one of the most popular materials for construction at the moment. The scope of application is simply huge. Directly in construction, lumber is used at almost every stage, it is included in full cycle in general construction work, from foundation formwork, to load-bearing structures on the roof. This type The material is very unpretentious to use, which makes working with it irreplaceable and enjoyable.
Features of lumber calculation:
This lumber calculator helps you quickly calculate from pcs to m3 and vice versa. To calculate, you must indicate the length of the board or beam in millimeters (S1). Width and thickness (S2/S3), and if necessary, you can immediately find out the cost of the calculated lumber by filling out the appropriate field. You can check the cost of timber from any supplier in your area, or at the nearest construction market. Usually the price is indicated per cubic meter, and here this calculation script will play an indispensable role. After all, agree to calculate the cost of several boards when they tell you the cost per cube, it’s quite problematic.
Having mastered this lumber cubeturner, you will no longer be faced with the question of how to count lumber. Entrust routine calculations to a lumber calculator, and you will not only save your personal time, but also eliminate errors in calculations, which will definitely lead you to saving money.
What types of lumber are there?
- Edged board is perhaps one of the most popular materials on the market building materials. This type of material is used everywhere, in the construction of houses, bathhouses, utility rooms, individual structural elements, such as stairs, fences, windows, doors, roofs and so on. Our specially developed program will help you calculate the cubic capacity of boards in a cube. Save this page in your bookmarks, and you can always, quickly and conveniently, calculate any wood.
- Timber is a product of lumber with a rectangular or square cross-section, just like boards, and has extensive use not only in the construction market, but also in furniture production. When buying this material, it is easy to fall into the tricks of unscrupulous sellers. Besides its moisture, clear overall dimensions, class and quality, cunning managers can easily shortchange you on the total volume. Do you know how to correctly calculate the cubic capacity of a timber? Just use this online cubic lumber calculator and save your nerves and money.
Construction work requires solving many different issues, among which the most important task is the selection and purchase of lumber. Calculate how much linear meters boards and timber will be needed during the construction process, it’s not difficult. But the price of industrial wood is indicated per 1 cubic meter, and this often causes difficulties for novice home craftsmen. The ability to correctly select and calculate the amount of edged or unedged lumber in a cube will allow you to save money and avoid a situation where, after completion of construction work, a pile of unused boards remains on the site.
Classification and characteristics of lumber
The very name “lumber” suggests that this type of construction raw material is obtained by longitudinal sawing of tree trunks on circular or band saws. Several cutting methods are used to produce boards and timber:
- tangential (in a circle),
- radial.
Tangential cutting involves moving the saw tangentially to the annual rings of the tree, which reduces the amount of waste and, therefore, reduces the cost of building materials. The boards obtained in this way have a beautiful, pronounced pattern, therefore they are often used for finishing purposes. Disadvantages of circular sawing include the tendency of the wood to shrink and swell, as well as a significant difference in texture as it approaches cutting tool to the center of the log.
In the sawmill industry, several methods are used for sawing a trunk.
At radial sawing the cutting line passes through the core of the tree, so the yield of boards will be smaller, and their price will be higher. However, if necessary, obtain wood High Quality use exactly this method. This is due to the fact that, compared to the tangential method, radial sawing boards have halved swelling and shrinkage rates. In addition to the cutting methods discussed above, a mixed method is also used, which combines the advantages of the first two.
The concept of lumber actually includes not only traditional timber, which is most often seen in construction markets. Full list products obtained by sawing logs include:
- board;
- beam;
- bar;
- lagging;
- croaker
The last two types of lumber are classified as waste, which absolutely does not prevent them from being used for certain types of construction work, as well as for finishing purposes.
Boards
Boards include rectangular lumber with a thickness of no more than 100 mm and a width to thickness ratio of at least 2:1. Depending on the degree of processing, the board can be edged or unedged. The first is a finished product without bark and with smoothly sawn edges, while the second is a “semi-finished product” removed directly from the saw frame.
The edged board has smooth edges and a constant width along the entire length of the lumber
The most commonly used boards in construction are the following standard sizes:
- thickness - 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm;
- width - from 75 to 275 mm with gradation every 25 mm;
- length - from 1 m to 6.5 mm in increments of 250 mm.
Boards of other sizes can be obtained by trimming or planing standard lumber, or by making individual order for sawing round timber.
Unedged boards have a lower cost, but without finishing its scope of application is limited
The parameters of lumber used in construction are standardized and determined according to the current GOST 8486–86 for coniferous wood and GOST 2695–83 for hardwood.
timber
Timber is lumber whose cross-section is a square with sides of at least 100 mm. The diameter of the timber is unified and can vary from 100 to 250 mm in increments of 25 mm. The standard defines the length of products of this type from 2 to 9 m, but most often square-section lumber with a length of no more than 6 m is used. In some cases, products with a cross-section of 150x100 mm, 200x100 mm or 200x150 mm, which according to the existing classification are much closer, are mistakenly classified as timber to the sleepers.
Timber is an ideal material for the construction of frames and other wooden structures
The bar differs from the beam discussed above only in that its cross-section does not exceed 100x100 mm. The typical length of the bar is also 6 m, and the diameter ranges from 40 mm to 90 mm in increments of 10 mm. To simplify the classification, bars are often classified as slats with a rectangular cross-section and a thickness-to-width ratio of at least 1:2. Standard range of wood slats edges coniferous species looks like this: 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm. For hardwood lumber, products of increased width are additionally provided, and the product line itself looks like this: 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mm.
A variety of bars and slats allow you to strengthen and make any wooden structure as stable as possible.
Obapole and croaker
Obapol is the very first cut of a round timber, the outer surface of which remains untreated. Unlike obapol, croaker can have a cut on half of the second side or alternating treated and untreated areas on the bark side. The importance of obapole and slab in construction is secondary, since it is unaesthetic appearance and reduced performance characteristics allow the use of lumber of this type only for auxiliary purposes. Most often, slab and obapol are used as fastening materials, as well as for the manufacture of formwork, sheathing or flooring. scaffolding. This material is also interesting in quality decorative material for decorating walls, fences and other vertical structures.
Despite their external ugliness, croaker and obapole are widely used for minor construction tasks
Technology for calculating the number of boards in a cube
The wood market offers both edged lumber and unedged boards, with wane remaining on the edges. Depending on the type of wood products, several methods are used to determine cubic capacity.
How to find out the number of edged lumber in a cube
The algorithm for determining the cubic capacity of lumber is based on the formula known to every schoolchild for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. In order to find out the cubic capacity of one board (V) per cubic meter. m, you need to find the product of its length (a) by its width (b) and thickness (h) in meters V=a×b×h.
The desired figure will make it easy to calculate how many boards of this type will fit into one cubic meter of lumber. For this, 1 cu. m of lumber is divided by the volume of one product. For example, if you need to find out the cubic capacity of one board with parameters 6000x200x25 mm, then by substituting these numbers into the formula, we get V = 6x0.2x0.025 = 0.03 cubic meters. m. Consequently, in one cubic meter there will be 1/0.03 = 33.3 such products.
A tongue and groove board has a groove on one side and a tongue on the other. Since both of these elements are approximately equal to each other, their parameters can be neglected. That is why the cross-sectional size of tongue-and-groove lumber is measured without taking into account the locking part.
In the case of boards that have the same dimensions, the calculation can be simplified by substituting the dimensions of the stack of lumber into the formula. Of course, its installation should be as tight as possible, otherwise the gaps between the individual elements will affect the accuracy of the calculations. Considering that the cost of individual types of wood reaches tens of thousands of rubles, such an error can cost a pretty penny.
To simplify calculations, you can use special tables that allow you to quickly determine the cubic capacity or the amount of wood in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber.
Table: number of edged boards in 1 cubic meter. m of standard length lumber
| Board size, mm | Number of boards 6 m long in 1 cubic. m | Volume of one board, cubic meters. m |
| 25x100 | 66,6 | 0.015 |
| 25x150 | 44,4 | 0.022 |
| 25x200 | 33,3 | 0.03 |
| 40x100 | 62,5 | 0.024 |
| 40x150 | 41,6 | 0.036 |
| 40x200 | 31,2 | 0.048 |
| 50x100 | 33,3 | 0.03 |
| 50x150 | 22,2 | 0.045 |
| 50x200 | 16,6 | 0.06 |
| 50x250 | 13,3 | 0.075 |
The cubic capacity of timber of standard sizes can also be determined using the table below.
Table: amount of timber in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber
| Beam size, mm | Number of products 6 m long in 1 cubic. m | Volume of 1 beam, cubic. m |
| 100x100 | 16.6 | 0.06 |
| 100x150 | 11.1 | 0.09 |
| 100x200 | 8.3 | 0.12 |
| 150x150 | 7.4 | 0.135 |
| 150x200 | 5.5 | 0.18 |
| 150x300 | 3.7 | 0.27 |
| 200x200 | 4.1 | 0.24 |
Very often it is necessary to determine the surface area (floor or wall) that can be covered with a board of one thickness or another with a volume of 1 cubic meter. m. To do this, you can use the formula S = 1/h, where h is the thickness of the lumber. So, one cubic meter of 40 mm board will be enough to arrange S = 1/0.04 = 25 square meters. m of floor. To facilitate the process of calculating the area, a table called a cubeturner allows you to simplify the process of calculating the area. It contains data on the cross-section of the boards, their number in 1 cubic meter. m and the required area that they can cover.
Method for calculating the cubic capacity of an unedged board
Unedged lumber is not trimmed at the edges, so not only the cross-sectional size of individual products varies, but also the width different parts one board. In this regard, it is possible to calculate the volume of a stack of unprocessed lumber only approximately. The same applies to calculating the cubic capacity of individual unedged lumber, although the error in this case will be much smaller.
So, to calculate the cubic capacity of an unedged board there are two constants- thickness and length, and one variable - width. To avoid complex calculations using differential algebra methods, the last parameter is simply averaged. To do this, the board is measured in several places and the arithmetic average is found. For example, for a board with a diameter of 400 mm at the base, 350 mm in the middle and 280 in the top, the calculated value will be (430+340+260)/3=343 mm. Further calculations are carried out in exactly the same way as for edged lumber.
Most often, the width of an unedged board is determined only on the basis of measurements along the edges of the lumber. It should be noted that the accuracy of calculations directly depends on the number of measurements, so in critical cases their number is increased.
If you need to find out the cubic capacity of a package of unedged wood, then the products are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the following conditions are met:
- the stacks must be aligned along the front end;
- boards in a stack should not be stacked overlapping;
- It is not allowed to change the width of the package along the entire length of the lumber;
- the protrusion of the outermost products beyond the stack should not exceed 100 mm.
By measuring the height, length and width of a package of unedged wood with a tape measure, the approximate cubic capacity is determined using the formula V=a×b×h. To find out a more accurate value, the result obtained is multiplied by the stacking coefficient, which can be found in special tables.
Table: laying coefficient of unedged hardwood boards
| Humidity and length of lumber | Board thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 19 | 22 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 44 | 50 | 60 | 75–100 | |
| Up to 20%, from 1 m to 1.75 m | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Up to 20%, from 2 m to 6.5 m | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.6 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.82 |
| Over 20%, from 1 m to 1.75 m | 0.66 | ||||||||
| Over 25%, from 2 m to 6.5 m | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.6 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.74 |
For softwood lumber, the laying coefficients have slight differences.
Table: laying coefficient of unedged softwood boards
The calculation could be completed here, if not for one thing: to determine the cubic capacity of unedged lumber, GOST 13-24-26 is used, which regulates not only geometric parameters, but also humidity, as well as the type of wood. For coniferous species with a humidity of more than 20%, a correction factor of 0.96 is used, and for deciduous species - 0.95. For dry boards (no more than 20% moisture), the calculated volume values are not adjusted.
So, to determine the cubic capacity of a stack of unedged pine boards 2x3x5 meters with a humidity of 25% and a thickness of 32 mm, it is necessary to multiply the geometric dimensions of the package by the correction factors for humidity (0.96, since the moisture content exceeds 20%) and laying (0.63 for coniferous wood with a thickness of 32 mm) . Therefore, the required volume of a stack of unprocessed lumber will be 2x3x5x0.96x0.63 = 18.144 cubic meters. m.
Video: a simple way to determine the number of boards per cubic meter of lumber
As you can see, it is not difficult to calculate the cubic capacity of lumber and determine the number of boards in one cubic meter. Finally, I would like to remind you that the accuracy of calculations depends entirely on your attentiveness and scrupulousness. Not only is it important right choice techniques for edged and unedged boards, but also the precise use of correction factors depending on geometric parameters, humidity and type of wood selected.
Share with your friends!
