Orchid is very beautiful plant. It is quite demanding in terms of living conditions, and if you do not properly care for the flower, then trouble will begin. Quite often, white spots appear on orchid leaves. We will try to tell you in detail why this happens and how to save the plant in this article.
Causes of stains
As we have already found out, orchid leaves can suffer due to proper care:
- In case of direct hit sun rays Yellow spots may appear on the leaves. It is necessary to wisely choose the location where your orchid will be located.
- Excess moisture. The plant does not tolerate excess moisture; it should be monitored so that the soil does not stagnate with water, otherwise this will lead to rotting of the root system.
- Quite poor ventilation. You need to check whether the container with the flower may have too few holes or they are very small. Optimally, the diameter should be at least 1 cm. You need to make sure that the holes are placed evenly at the bottom of the pot and around its perimeter.
- Air stagnation. It is necessary to ventilate the room where the orchid is located well. But drafts should only be eliminated, as this can have a detrimental effect on general condition plants.
- Incorrectly selected container. The orchid pot should not be too tight or wide. The flower still needs to be replanted from time to time. For each transplant, purchase a container with a capacity depending on the size of the root system.
- Illiterate watering regime. For some varieties it is not recommended to water from above. This can be explained by the fact that moisture accumulates at its base, prompting the process of decay.
- Not a good enough substrate. It should be loose, without lumps, all elements distributed equally. Water should drain normally from such a substrate. After moistening, the soil does not bunch up.
- Unbalanced feeding. It is important not only to make correct proportions of the components. Professionals advise certain time apply fertilizing, its quantity, and also observe frequency. Here you need to take into account the phalaenopsis variety and its characteristics.
Diseases
The reasons mentioned above can lead to such negative consequences, How:
- The appearance of a fungal infection. The fungus can infect the leaves and shoots of the orchid. The infection occurs due to low temperature and high humidity.
- The emergence of bacteria. Their development occurs deep in the plant tissues. This often happens when the phalaenopsis has damage to some part. Another factor in rotting can be stagnation of moisture.
- Presence of viral diseases. They arise due to physiological characteristics.
Main diseases of orchids
Let's look at the main problems that cause spots to appear on phalaenopsis leaves.
Hives
When the disease affects the leaves, dark spots form on them. The size of each defect is approximately 3 mm. The hives then spread throughout the plant. The main reasons are low temperature regime, excess humidity, poor ventilation.
Brown rot (Bacillus Cypriped)
The most common disease of phalaenopsis. The disease develops at high humidity and temperature. Signs of the disease are small light spots that spread very widely. Then the infected parts become soft, dark in color, and have bad smell. The reason for this is an illiterate watering regime.
Phyllostictina Pyriformis
Fungal infection. Yellow and black dots appear. Their size may not change for several months. During this period, the fungus will rapidly develop inside the tissues. As a result, the infection affects the leaf blade, which dies.
Late blight
This disease is considered very dangerous for phalaenopsis. Defects appear on the leaves of the flower purple, which subsequently darken and become black. Phalaenopsis may die. Such black spots occur due to excessive watering or excessive soil density.
Death of leaf tissue cells (Mesophyll collapse)
Appear yellow spots uneven shape. Then they seem to push through the infected part. To avoid this, you just need to water the phalaenopsis with warm and settled water.
Dry brown spots
Appear when sick brown spots, which gradually progress throughout the plant. The disease factor is high air humidity.
Burkholderia gladioli
A bacterial disease, the symptoms of which are dark spots. Often such spots are mistaken for frostbite.
Bacterial spot
The leaves are covered with uneven yellowish dots about 7 mm. The disease is provoked by high temperatures and inadequate ventilation.
The disease causes black blemishes to form on the leaves of phalaenopsis. Then the leaves curl and the flower dies.
Treatment
If your beauty is affected by the above diseases, then the following measures must be taken:
When phalaenopsis is affected by a bacterial infection, the infected parts must be removed using a sterile instrument. Damaged areas are treated with such agents as charcoal, brilliant green, and a fungicidal preparation.
For a plant you need to create favorable conditions: install phalaenopsis in a warm and sunny place where there is excellent ventilation. And the plant is not watered for several days.
Sometimes, unfortunately, there are difficulties in which the plant dies. For example, when an orchid is affected by late blight or chlorosis. To avoid diseases, it is very important to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner.
Prevention
Initially, it is recommended to properly care for the plant. It’s good to study the name of your beauty, its variety, and features. Find out at what climatic conditions Phalaenopsis grows. You need to care for your orchid correctly and try to make it as close to natural as possible. Only in this case will the flower bloom beautifully and have a magnificent appearance.
Any injury that may occur when removing leaves should be avoided. Because bacteria can easily penetrate through damaged parts, and the flower may die. Almost always, the first symptoms of orchid diseases appear as spots on the leaves. If you react immediately and take appropriate measures, then phalaenopsis will delight you with its amazing beauty.
If sticky spots appear on the leaves of an orchid, they are caused by pests - it could be whitefly, mealybug, aphid, scale insect. What to do in such a situation? If you frequently wipe the leaves with a damp cloth, you can immediately detect pests and get rid of them. But when it is not possible to eliminate the insect, for example, this concerns the scale insect, which sucks the juice from the leaves and secretes a sticky secretion. You can eliminate the pest using an alcohol solution or use Fitoverm. If the leaf of an orchid turns white, this indicates a mealybug; spraying with fungicides is required against the pest.
Diseases of Phalaenopsis orchids, which are most often grown in at home, are not numerous, but their appearance, including spots and yellowing, signals improper care, as well as other reasons, including the natural aging of the plant.
If the plants bloomed and then suddenly stopped, which is accompanied by the appearance of other problems, then urgent measures should be taken to correct care errors. It is possible to develop a treatment regimen and begin the process of healing the plant only after visually examining it and determining the root cause of the disease.
General information about the Phalaenopsis orchid
Phalaenopsis orchids are quite undemanding and easy to grow at home, thanks to which this plant has become very popular among flower growers in our country. However, quite often flower lovers, especially beginners, do not know the reasons why spots appear or the leaves of their orchids wilt.
The further the moment of treatment is from the onset of the first symptoms of the disease, the more difficult it is to cope with the problem. It is better to familiarize yourself with the main forms of manifestation of the most common diseases of orchids grown at home by looking at photos of plants during the period of illness, so it will be easier for you to determine what problem your flower has and how to deal with it.
Why are the leaves wrinkled?
Sometimes the leaves of any type of orchid become quite soft and completely lose turgor, and the plant itself looks too lethargic and sheds green mass. There are several reasons why indoor plants Similar leaf modifications occur.
- This may mean that a significant problem has arisen with the root system, and it has ceased to fully supply water to the leaves of the plant, which is most often a consequence of improper care.
- The reason may also be a general weakening of the plant, which may subsequently die altogether.
- Withering and loss of elasticity of leaves can occur due to improper watering and other water procedures.
- In Phalaenopsis, as well as Vandas, the lowest leaves may turn yellow and even fall off for natural reasons.
Leaves on Phalaenopsis live for a very long time in conditions quality care, but, of course, not forever, and dropping them starting from the lowest leaf while maintaining the overall healthy appearance of the plant is not a problem.
Beginners in the field of floriculture should remember that the leaves on Phalaenopsis can most often wither, lose elasticity or fall off for several reasons, including overwatering or, conversely, constant drying out of the plant, as well as too cold conditions and improper care.The plant should be treated based on the root cause of the disease, and photos and descriptions of diseases in books for gardeners and on specialized websites on the Internet will help you determine it.
How to get rid of gray rot (video)
Why did black spots and white dots appear on the leaves, how to treat them
A healthy Phalaenopsis orchid should always have leaves that are shiny and shiny and free of spots. However, as a result of a number of reasons, spots on the leaves may still appear.
- Burn spots may occur on leaves as a result of spraying plants in the sun. Such “sunburns” are light and dry.
- Orchids, when grown at home, can be carriers for a very long time viruses and various diseases and yet there is no way to detect it. The first signs of disease are black spots that first appear on lower leaves plants.
- From excessive use hot water During shower procedures, Phalaenopsis orchid leaves may also appear of various sizes. black spots.
- Calcium salt stains cannot be attributed to disease symptoms, since they appear due to the use of hard water. To remove them, wipe the leaves of the plant with a weak solution of orange or diluted lemon juice. This processing must be done with extreme caution.
Flower growers should remember that if wet spots appear on the leaves of plants cultivated at home, they must be removed urgently. This needs to be done as quickly as possible, since these spots grow very quickly and can provoke rotting of the whole plant and the appearance of a number of other diseases. To correct the situation, it is enough to assess the extent of changes from the photo, develop a treatment regimen and adjust care.
You can find out about the reasons for the appearance of black spots on the leaves and flowers of orchids.
Why do leaves become soft?
There are several reasons why the leaves of an orchid such as Phalaenopsis become too soft and lose their natural turgor.
- If the leaves of any indoor orchids become soft or too limp, then the root cause may be damage to the plant's root system.
- Often withered leaves this indoor flower become due to severe moisture deficiency or significant disruption of all irrigation measures and basic care.
- Sometimes the leaves indoor orchid may become soft and also lose turgor as a result of excess moisture planting substrate. At the same time, the plant looks rather lethargic.
Beginners in growing Orchidaceae plants at home should remember that if the condition of the plant worsens day by day, they turn yellow and become soft leaves, this indicates problems with the root system, and the plant needs urgent rescue and care control.
However, it is impossible to draw hasty conclusions, much less treat orchids, without complete data on the condition of the plant. To effectively cope with the problem, you must first of all correctly assess the current situation.
Other orchid diseases and their treatment
As a rule, disruptions in the plant’s vital activity system are associated with diseases and consist of the following manifestations, easily identified from the photo:
- Swelling of the leaves of the Phalaenopsis orchid may be associated with prolonged contact of the plant with moisture.
- Viral diseases in plants are quite rare and manifest themselves in the form of mosaic spotting of leaves and flowers.
- Some diseases are characterized by the appearance of small spots in the form of arrows, as well as peculiar circles or stripes.
- Spots on the leaves may be a manifestation of bacterial spotting of the plant.
- Changes in leaf color may occur due to anthracnose or powdery mildew.
- It is quite common for such indoor plants to be affected by rust or sooty fungi, black fungi, as well as various rots.
How to save an orchid with blackening roots (video)
Orchid is a beautiful and amazing flower, which appeared 120 million years ago, but it reached its peak of popularity only 3 thousand years ago. This flower is native to China and Japan. This plant was first brought to Europe about 2 centuries ago, and today there are over 40 thousand varieties of orchids. With the help of scientists and breeders, today it is possible to grow an orchid at home.
Phalaenopsis, the most popular orchid hybrid, is a rather susceptible and capricious flower to various diseases. Therefore, in addition to proper care and growing experience, it is necessary to consider all orchid diseases and methods of treating them.
It often happens that phalaenopsis begins to hurt due to excessive care. Therefore, the most popular diseases are non-communicable diseases that are associated with illiterate care. Very often, these diseases lead to weakness of the bush, its death, or the formation of pathogenic organisms and pests.
Description of the phalaenopsis hybrid
One of the most common varieties of orchids is considered to be phalaenopsis - the most popular hybrid in our country. This plant can have a wide variety of flower buds (from pure white to dark blue with various spots and blotches on the leaves). Orchids can be various sizes, the number of leaves, and also have no aroma.
Number of flowers per plant depends significantly on the condition of the orchid itself, as well as the number of branches and can be in the range of 6-35 pieces on one branch. This plant can be grown quite successfully at home. Phalaenopsis has a single stem form with compacted leaves different shapes and species, and there is only one growth point.
This hybrid requires the same careful care as their other representatives. Since these species are the most common in cultivation, we need to talk in more detail about their various phalaenopsis diseases with descriptions and photos.
Phalaenopsis is the orchid variety that is most often infected with non-infectious leaf diseases. The appearance of the disease in phalaenopsis orchids is explained by illiterate care. However, there are other bush pests: bacterial spots, rot, various viruses, anthracnose, fusarium.
Let's take a closer look at orchid diseases and their treatment, as well as photos of various diseases.
Non-infectious diseases of this plant are considered the most common. Gardeners often complain that the leaves of orchids begin to turn yellow, and soon their entire bush takes on a yellow tint. The reason for this may be illiterate care. This happens for the following reasons:
Phalaenopsis, like any variety of orchid, needs good and high-quality lighting. Lack of lighting can lead to a significant deterioration in the condition of orchids: flower stems rapidly stretch upward, leaves take on a pale green tint.
These plants are most susceptible to any disease. And direct exposure to the sun's rays contributes to yellowing of their leaves.
The phalaenopsis orchid is much less likely to become infected with viral diseases. These diseases are distinguished by the appearance of spotting in the form of a mosaic on the petals of the buds and leaves of the flower. This spotting may resemble the shape of lines, circles, or arrows. When did you see the signs viral disease in an orchid, then first of all it must be isolated from healthy plants. Be sure to show the infected phalaenopsis to a specialist; if this is not possible, then at least take a photo. If your guesses are confirmed, it is best to burn this flower to prevent damage to healthy bushes.
Spotting on the leaves of the bud is considered the first signal that the orchid has begun to suffer from a fungal or bacterial infection. As a rule, it is the phalaenopsis variety that is susceptible to bacterial infection. It all starts with yellowing of the foliage, which after a certain time takes on a dark color and becomes very elastic. Afterwards, the leaves become covered with wet ulcers, from which liquid substance leaks out. The only way to escape this infection is to cut off the infected leaves, and you also need to cauterize the cut site with iodine.
There are also more potent drugs; their use occurs at a very advanced stage. If, two weeks after pruning, no new spots have formed on the orchids, then the plant is no longer contagious and can be safely placed in a window with others.
Anthracnose
This is also a fairly common disease that appears on phalaenopsis leaves. First appear small round spots, which after a while begin to turn black and differ concave surface. After a certain time, a pink or pink coating appears on these spots. yellow color. The cause of the formation of anthracnose is considered to be high air humidity, as well as prolonged presence of water in the axils of the foliage.
To prevent the formation of this disease, you need to periodically ventilate the room. Air humidity in the room should be no more than 65%, but not less than 45%. It is also advisable to blot accumulated water in the leaf axils. When affected by anthracnose, the infected leaves are removed and the cut sites are cauterized with iodine. Treatment with such agents as Skor, Ritomil, Mikasan is carried out already at an advanced stage of the disease.
Powdery mildew
This is very . The disease appears in the form of a purple-white coating on the foliage. Externally, the flower looks as if the plant was sprinkled with flour. This is a rather dangerous disease that can lead to the death of the bush. The reason for the formation is considered to be high air humidity and elevated temperature, and this leads to steaming of the plant. For preventive purposes, spraying with Fitosporin is performed.
Treatment of this disease of phalaenopsis orchids is carried out by spraying with Scor or a mixture of colloidal sulfur. But first, the plant needs to be thoroughly watered, and after a few hours the treatment process can begin.
Rust
Rust is also a fairly rare disease. is a fungal infection for orchids. This disease, like those described above, infects the leaves of phalaenopsis. Usually, this disease weak bushes are exposed. Rust appears in the form of spots on the inside of the leaves, which very soon take on a reddish hue. This is caused by sporulation of fungi that have a reddish hue, hence the name of the disease – rust.
Treatment methods are quite similar to those used for the diseases described above. Infected areas must be removed and the sections treated with a 25% alcohol solution. Treatment of orchids is carried out by spraying with Mikasan, Skor and Ritomil.
Black fungi or sooty
Pests also often infect orchids. They are: scale insects, scale insects, and aphids. This fungus appears in the form of a black coating on the sweet formations of the flower. These pests prevent the passage of light to the flower by clogging the stomata of the foliage.
Among other representatives of this type of pest, the scale insect is the most dangerous. This insect has an oval appearance and its size can be about 4 mm.
There are two varieties that the mealybug has that can infect phalaenopsis:
- The bristlebug is a pest that has a pronounced reddish color body and oval shape with a snow-white coating.
- Citrus mealybug. This is a pest that has different color orange to black, but usually pink with a distinctive snow-white tinge. The largest body size can be up to 6 mm.
The scale insect is very similar to the scale insect, but it lacks a scute. Both varieties secrete honeydew, a sweetish liquid that protects them from various external factors. The scale insect is quite a malicious pest, and if measures are not taken to remove it in a timely manner, the orchid may die.
The mealybug harms the plant so much that it manages to suck all the juice out of it, and at the same time adds its poison to the flower. These substances weaken the bush, which leads to foliage falling or turning yellow.
The formation of sticky drops and a snow-white coating on the foliage is the first sign that the orchid has a bug infestation.
It infects only weak orchids that are grown in conditions insufficient for this plant. Often these pests form on bushes overfed with nitrogen. As a rule, the mealybug infects flowers in winter, at which time the daylight hours are significantly shortened and the flowers do not have enough light. This pest may also appear when you purchase a new flower. Therefore, when buying an orchid, you need to be especially careful and attentive.
For prevention, a quite popular remedy is based on Neem tree oil. It is used only for prevention, since treatment with this drug will not show a positive effect.
You can also use the hot shower method. The point of this method is to water the orchid warm water 45-55 gr. Since these pests die at temperatures above 40 degrees, this option is very effective in treating the plant. Scale insects also often infect orchids.
Viral and fungal infections of phalaenopsis can lead to the formation of rot. The process of rotting of the roots and foliage of the plant takes place. The cause of rotting may be increased high humidity and temperature.
Treatment consists of repeated treatment of roots and soil. 0.3% composition of the foundation or 0.2% benlate mixture. It is necessary to completely immerse the orchid in this substance. The interval between sessions must be at least 2 weeks.
Rot
A common disease of phalaenopsis is considered gray rot. This rot appears on the foliage as brown and black spots with a fluffy appearance. The cause of the formation of rot is considered to be high air humidity, and for prevention it is recommended to use Kendal when watering. It increases the plant's resistance to various diseases. If an orchid is infected with rot, it is necessary to carry out spraying with fungicide. And in case of secondary damage, it is recommended to use a different fungicide, since rot spores adapt to the means used.
- Black rot occurs on plants that are already infected with pests and diseases. In order not to completely destroy the plant, you need to remove the affected areas and foliage, and soak the cut areas with colloidal sulfur.
- Fusarion rot infects the leaves of the plant, after a while they begin to turn yellow and curl. The leaves take on a grayish color. Treatment is carried out by completely immersing the orchid in a 0.3% mixture of foundationazole. This procedure must be carried out within 2 weeks.
- A characteristic feature of brown rot is the infection of young orchid leaves. Rot appears in the form of bright brown formations that grow very quickly and take on a rich brown hue. The methods of combating are exactly the same as with other types of rot. And for prevention, you can spray with a light solution of vitriol no more than once every 30 days.
To summarize, we can say that at elevated temperatures and excessive humidity it is necessary to ventilate the room more often, do not place orchids very tightly together, make sure that water does not remain on the foliage for a long time. It is necessary to water and spray orchids only at the beginning of the day. It is advisable to install a fan in a room with a large number and crowding of plants and let it work at least during the hottest time. This can help prevent many problems and various kinds diseases.
Orchids are wonderful “residents” of houses, gardens and greenhouses. They attract the eye with their beauty and grace. Their fragile nature is always in the hands of humans. Caring for them requires attention and consistency. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to preserve a flower in its original state. original form. Spots may appear on orchid leaves, the reasons for which are difficult to understand at first glance.
In this article we will discuss the occurrence of spots on the foliage of domestic beauties. Possible reasons this and ways to troubleshoot problems.
general information
Orchids – delicate flowers, whose homeland is the tropics. There they most often grow on trees, attached to them by the root system. Plants adapted to home conditions still require some adaptation to their native conditions.
The temperature and lighting should be such that the flower does not dry out and is not burned by direct sunlight. The daily temperature difference should not exceed 7 degrees Celsius, and the maximum temperature was +28 °C. At the same time, the minimum level is kept no lower than +17 °C. To prevent direct sunlight from burning the foliage, the flower is placed in a slight shade or diffused lighting is created. This solution will be ideal.
Important! On healthy plant There should not be a single spot.
The rays of the rising and setting sun do not harm orchids at all. If daylight hours last less than 12 hours, then additional lighting is organized by installing special lamps.
The humidity in the room should be close to natural levels. That is, to be at least 50%, and best of all 60-70%. Such indicators can be easily achieved by installing an additional source of water in the room. In this case, the beauty will let you in aerial roots and will absorb moisture from the air.
Watering should be carried out depending on the time of year and phase life cycle orchids. In general, it turns out that it needs to be irrigated approximately once a week or every 10 days. IN winter period During the period when heating devices are operating in the premises, the degree of drying of the soil is carefully monitored. The substrate is checked by touch, and if it is almost dry, then it is time to water the flower.
Important! This approach to caring for an orchid will allow it for a long time delight the gardener with your beauty and health.
Spots on leaves
Foliage spotting occurs for many reasons. These could be errors in care, improper use of fertilizers, various pests or diseases.
Here are some aspects of improperly managed care:
Improperly organized watering
If there is an excessive amount of water in the substrate and on the soil surface, stagnation occurs. This provokes rotting, which initially appears as spots on the leaves of the Phalaenopsis orchid at the growing point and roots. Gradually the spots become larger. They are slimy to the touch, colored dark colors. When you press them, liquid oozes from the root. Through the walls of the pot one can see how it is dying root system. At the same time, the entire plant withers and loses its elasticity.
Excessive soil moisture also leads to some fungal and bacterial infections that affect orchids.
Types of spots on an orchid
- Bacterial rot. It appears as brown spots on the leaves that become larger over time. Then the disease spreads to the remaining parts of the flower until it completely engulfs it. In the first stages of the disease, it is best to carefully cut out all the spots with a sterile instrument, capturing some healthy tissue of the flower. If the entire leaf is affected, you will have to part with it.
- Brown rot. This disease affects the rhizome, which becomes soft. Brown spots appear on the roots, and the appearance of the remaining parts of the orchid deteriorates. The leaves become covered with brown spots, which gradually cover the entire leaf. Treatment of this disease is carried out by changing the soil to a new one. And the roots are treated with foundationazole.
- Gray rot. Affects above-ground areas of the plant. It can even start with flowers. In appearance, the affected areas of the leaves look like dark spots covered with white fluff. It is better to treat this disease in the early stages, because it very quickly affects the entire plant. The best preparations are considered to be fungicidal solutions, which are sold in flower shops.
- Anthracosis. This is a disease of high humidity and water in the axils of the leaves. If on initial stages black spots appear on the leaves, which tend to increase, then this is it. Dark spots also appear on the leaves, which gradually merge into spots. This disease is treated promptly. Using a sterile instrument, carefully cut out the spots and rub the sections with charcoal. Then the entire flower is sprayed with antifungal agents.
- Bacterial spotting. At the initial stages, the leaves turn yellow in circles, cracks appear in which liquid collects. Completely affected leaves are removed, and the sections are rubbed with charcoal or treated with antiseptic drugs. Then a general antibacterial treatment of the entire flower is carried out.
Important! Special drugs for treatment various types rot or bacterial diseases sold in specialized stores.
With insufficient watering, the flower gradually dries out, and yellow areas appear on the roots and leaves, which gradually become larger. These are signs of plant tissue dying due to lack of nutrients.
To cure an orchid from this disease, carefully examine the entire flower. If the roots have already dried out, you will have to remove the beauty from the pot and sanitize the roots. There is no need to remove dried leaves, because they give off nutrients the rest of the plant.
Constant drought leads to atrophy of the roots. In this case, grayish-yellow spots appear. Changing the watering regime will bring the plant in order within a month.
Location and temperature
Swelling on the leaf from overheating or hypothermia
Incorrect placement of the flower leads to direct sunlight on the leaves. White spots appear. Over time there are more of them. Such mistakes can have serious consequences for orchids. Changing this situation is easy. You need to move the orchid into the shade or create diffuse lighting.
High temperatures lead to drying out of the soil and loss of the root system. At the same time, the leaves lose their elasticity and spots may appear on them.
Poor quality soil
Over time, the soil becomes compacted and a lump is created around the roots, which provokes stagnation of moisture. This negatively affects the health of the flower. Putrefactive diseases occur and blackening occurs. First, dark spots appear on the roots, which increase over time. To cure a flower, you urgently need to change the soil.
Or purchase it at a specialty store.
Pests
In addition, pests also lead to the appearance of various stains. Most often these are insects that settle in various parts of the flower. In addition to stains, pests contribute to other damage. Here are the pests we are talking about:
- Scale insect. Light waxy tubercles appear on the leaves of Phalaenopsis, under which the insect hides. To cure a flower, you need to clean off all the tubercles, and then treat the plant with an insecticidal preparation.
- Scaleworms. They feed on plant juices, which they suck from the leaves. Look like spots white. They can usually be seen under the foliage, under the scales or at the growing point of the flower. In order to cure the plant, it should be treated with insecticides.
Important! Black, yellow and gray colors– indicators of the disease.
In this article we discussed errors in care and their consequences, as well as various spots on the plant that spoil its appearance.
