Landscape design styles: compare and evaluate the main characteristic features. What are the different styles of garden design? Types of style solutions in landscape design

Landscape design is the activity of creating a beautiful and comfortable environment in various areas, usually outside the home - in the garden, in the park, in a recreation area, etc. The purpose of this activity is to create aesthetics and harmony of natural and man-made forms. Landscape design provides truly limitless opportunities for creativity and allows you to fabulously transform even a modest garden plot. In this short article, get to know the main components landscape design and with terminology.

Landscape Design Styles

Main types of landscape design:

Within each design direction, various styles have emerged, which differ in the forms and elements used, materials and preferred plants. Currently, there are many style trends in modern landscape design, for example:

and others.

Within each style, certain rules for selecting individual design elements and their combination are assumed. A detailed description of each of the listed styles can be found on our website using the appropriate links above.

Main components of landscape design

The choice of elements depends on the size of the site, the aesthetic preferences of the designer and style direction.

Large forms: trees and shrubs

To create relatively large elements, shrubs and trees (both ordinary and dwarf) are used, from which they can be composed:

alleys - even rows of plants along the path;
hedges - rows of closely planted shrubs;
bouquet and nest type plantings - a group of several plants planted in a circle;
borders - framing individual areas with the help of low-growing, densely planted shrubs;
tapeworms - separately planted shrubs or trees of particularly valuable species;
backstage - a continuous row of trees or shrubs that limit long-range visibility;
labyrinths - tall hedges forming a system of intricate paths;
topiary - small-leaved shrubs and trees, the crown of which has a bizarre shape due to a curly haircut.

All these elements are most characteristic of a regular look design.

Space for imagination: flowers and cereals

— An integral element of the garden, it serves as a wonderful green or colored background for other objects.

Flowers are the most bright element landscape design. There are certain ways to organize flowers in flower beds and flower beds that allow you to fully reveal their beauty.

– planting flowers, forming a certain geometric shape along the contour and area;
arabesque - a flowerbed of an unusual, intricate shape;
– bordering strip of flowers;
monogarden - an area where one specific type of flower is grown (rosary, gladularium, syringarium, dahlia);
border - a narrow row of flowers of the same type along the edge of a hedge;
- a border made up of flowers of different types, colors and heights.

Romantic flair: hanging plants

Plants grown in hanging bowls and flower pots are called hanging plants. As a rule, they have stems hanging down or, conversely, rising up along supports. Their use is an effective technique for vertical gardening. With their help they create and decorate:

pergolas (canopies) and arches - to decorate the entrance to the garden;
trellises and trellises - as green walls and partitions, allowing you to zone the space;
gazebos, canopies, verandas – climbing plants they create a romantic image on their walls.

Small architectural forms

Small architectural forms (abbreviated as MAF) include:

For a modern gardener, it is important to have not only a fertile, but also a stylish, beautiful garden and vegetable garden. There are about 15 basic styles landscape design plot. Some of them are ideal for central Russia, others require great effort to implement and further care.

Basics of any landscape design

The main condition for harmonious design garden plot is the consistency of the style of the house with the rest of the site. It is also necessary to take into account the existing landscape (alpine style rarely looks good on the plain) and the surrounding nature ( Moorish style birch trees are an extremely original solution).

Basic landscape design styles for the middle zone

Listed below are the main characteristics and photos of modern landscape design styles.

Country style

Rustic style is a style of sweet neglect. The decor is characterized by a mixture of garden, flower beds and vegetable garden. The basis consists of fruit trees and shrubs, which are supplemented with mallows, sunflowers, cosmos, calendula, chamomile and other unpretentious plants. bright colors. Sometimes, instead of flowers, the fruits of physalis, grapes, and pumpkins are used.

Another characteristic feature is the use of many accessories: carts, wheels, old pots, wicker fences, decorative wells, barrels and benches.

It is important not to use strict forms and clear divisions into zones, and also not to overuse spacious lawns.

English (landscape) style

To create a design in the English style, you need to carefully study the existing vegetation on the site and beyond, since the basis of this style is maximum harmony with the natural environment.

Another feature is the presence of winding stone paths, spacious lawns and small ponds decorated with stones, water lilies and irises. Mixed borders are often planted, including a variety of flowers, ornamental grasses and shrubs to imitate natural undergrowth.

You also need to remember about vertical gardening: ivies, wild grapes and, of course, climbing roses. In general, any variety of roses: semi-wild, climbing and growing separately are an integral part of the English style in landscape design.

Color accents – green, silver, purple. It is beneficial to plant roses, delphinium, hollyhocks, peonies, crocuses, sage, tulips, begonias, pansies and daffodils. Among the trees and shrubs, hydrangea, boxwood, mock orange, thuja, juniper, barberry and willow will fit perfectly into the landscape. Flowers are planted in groups, mixed with flowers and herbs.

It is important to remember that for high-quality implementation of the landscape style in landscape design, a spacious plot of at least 12 acres and constant care are required to maintain slight negligence. Benches, forged lanterns, humpback bridges, flowerpots, and small gazebos are used as complementary accessories.

Chinese style

This is an original style based on water, stones and trees. There are no restrictions on the size of the plot, but its implementation in life is quite labor-intensive work. First, you need to select many stones of different sizes and shapes. They form landscape groups that are complemented with plants.

The most commonly used conifers are pines, junipers, dwarf spruces, decorative maples and cherries. Flowers and herbs include fescue, ferns, irises, and peonies.

And of course the center of the composition is a pond with water lilies and lotuses. There is a gazebo on the shore, which is also considered an integral part of the Chinese style.

It is important to remember that a house for this landscape style must either be hidden behind trees, or be made in high-tech or modern style.

High-tech style

This style is distinguished by clear chopped shapes with right angles. Rigid separation of paths from lawns and flower beds. The main accent is a well-groomed spacious lawn.

A variety of flowers and plants is not welcome. The most common choice is plants suitable for pruning, such as boxwood, juniper, cotoneaster, and barberry. They are usually formed into cubes or balls.

Among ornamental plants, preference is given to hostas, succulents, ferns or small, discreet ground cover flowers.

The main decoration of a high-tech garden is lighting and designer lanterns, as well as various benches and decorative balls made of polished stone or wood.

The paths are made as straight as possible from concrete plates. An artificial pond can become part of such a garden, but only if it is framed by concrete banks. The color range includes many shades of green and gray, blue, chocolate and lilac.

Among the main styles of landscape design, one can also note Mediterranean, Moorish and Alpine. All of these styles require special landscaping skills to create a harmonious composition with the house and the surrounding nature.

And also related to the use exotic plants for which you need special care. That's why optimal solution for central Russia is the use of elements of landscape or village style.

Photos of landscape design styles

Landscape style is a set of artistic techniques, a system of stable and uniform interpretations of forms that determine general form your garden, a certain combination and use of vegetation elements, types of decor.

Landscape styles - complete list

≡ Navigation 16 styles:

Styles of gardening art, like those, can be divided into historically established and relatively new, modern. Let's start with the first ones.

English or landscape landscape design

As the name suggests, this method of designing a garden plot developed in England at the beginning of the 18th century.
main idea style – love and respect for natural flora, the commonality of man and nature.
English handwriting is a balance between slight carelessness, even neglect and homeliness, well-groomed garden.
Harmony is achieved through the following criteria:

smoothness of contours and lines, absence of straight and sharp corners;
unity of the garden plot and the house;
vertical gardening;
stone-paved, winding paths simulating trails;
tidy lawns as a place for passive recreation;
the use of plants of varying heights to create relief and picturesque corridors;
abundance of perennial plants;
natural-looking body of water or stream;
flower beds in the form of flower “carpets” and mounds;
riot of colors, color contrasts.

The landscape garden, stylized as a “wild” corner of nature, begins immediately outside the door of the house, on the facade and gates, entwined with ivy, grapes and ramblers - climbing, world-famous English roses.

The English Garden is a flower festival. Among the most popular are: roses, begonias, lobelias, poppies, scarlet sage, multi-colored delphinium.

Attributes of a truly English landscape are wooden or stone benches located at the end of paths, flowerpots with flowers, ceramic slabs built into alleys, a romantic gazebo, small bridges, wrought-iron lanterns.
Feature– the presence of one or two ancient objects: a statue, a bench.
The color is green interspersed with silver, white, crimson, and lilac shades.

Dutch style in landscape design

You can get an idea of it by looking at paintings by masters of the Dutch school. It is characterized by pastoralism, bright colors, and an exemplary, sleek appearance. Dominants of the Dutch style:

ground lawn, the center of the garden and the pride of the owner;
hedge;
a small number of trees (preference is given to flowers and shrubs);
mixborders along garden paths;
rustic decor, funny figurines;
flower beds in carts.

In front of the facade of the house, hidden by vines, there is a very elegant lawn, surrounded by flower beds and ornamental shrubs - the heart of the garden. To create it, bushy cereals with narrow leaves are suitable, forming a thick, silky cover. The lawn is accented with a standard tree, topiary, a small fountain or a tiny flower bed with flowers - camassia, hyacinths, crocuses. The parterre lawn is surrounded by a trimmed hedge or mixed border, a mixed flower garden with carefully selected crops.
The most popular are bulbs: tulips, lilies, daffodils. Among the favorites are also delphinium, chinstrap, and foxglove.

An indispensable condition for a Dutch garden is openness so that passers-by can admire it. Therefore, they do not install solid fences, but are content with a fence made of juniper, boxwood, dogwood, or a fence made of rare forged rods.
The paths are covered with wood chips or pebbles, and areas are arranged on which pavilions and decorative elements are placed. But benches are often “cut” directly into the mixborder, into a living fence.

A Dutch garden is unthinkable without handmade decorations: firstly, these are carts “loaded” with flowers. Secondly, decorative mills and wells, as well as wheels, wooden buckets and barrels, even chests of drawers and suitcases adapted for mini-flower beds. The sculptures are often funny and make you smile: stone frogs, gnomes, crows, mermaids.
The palette of the Dutch garden is lush greenery with bright flashes of scarlet, blue, and white.

Country in landscape design (rustic style)

Simple naturalness is the basis of a village garden. He does not declare the idea of unity with nature, he is nature itself.
The free design of a rustic style does not mean, however, a complete absence of rules. There they are:

simplicity and slight chaos;
paths sprinkled with gravel or paved with stones with gaps covered with grass;
Availability fruit trees and garden beds;
flowers growing not only in flower beds;
creeping, climbing plants on fences;
decor from “village” objects - fragments of wicker fabric, carts and wheels, clay pots and jugs, barrels;
fruits in the role of flowers - pumpkins, physalis, bunches of grapes and rowan;
combining garden and wild crops into one group.

The type of village plot is golden mean between natural neglect and economic care, beauty and benefits.
Fruit trees and bushes, beds are a must; this, one might say, is the originality of the style. It is better to place apple or plum trees not crowded and in in strict order, and in different parts of the site. It’s also not worth forming a full-fledged vegetable garden from the beds; you can limit yourself to spicy, healthy herbs.

Expensive, exotic flowers will not fit into a landscape full of rural spontaneity. But such a garden cannot do without sunflowers and hollyhocks, cosmos, chamomile, calendula and marigolds.
Where it is dark, you can plant shade-loving hostas, textured-looking ferns.
Flowers in such an area do not grow in flower beds, but simply on free lawns, near fruit trees and between vegetable beds.

The attributes of a rustic country garden are simple-looking wooden or wicker furniture, birdhouses, swings, rough, hand-made fences, and a funny garden scarecrow.
The variety of country decor is almost limitless: you can use rustic dishes and utensils, all kinds of tubs, drawbars and rockers, decorating them with flowers.

Chinese style in landscape design

The world's first park appeared in Suzhou County - Chinese landscape art is thousands of years old. It is based on the principles of Feng Shui. The movement of water and wind, the main elements in the Taoist worldview, gives rise to qi energy, which should permeate both the house and the garden. If the layout does not take these wisdom into account and does not regulate the flow of qi, the garden cannot be called Chinese, no matter how many pagodas you put in it.

The Chinese are sure: qi energy circulates freely only along natural, non-man-made lines and contours. Therefore, there cannot be symmetry, parallels, or right angles in the garden.
In addition, the Chinese garden is subject to the following rules:

all items must form a single, complete composition;
the garden is obliged to improve health, to be a “hall” for qigong and meditation;
from any place a new landscape should be visible, creating the impression limitlessness landscape;
water is present in the forms of rest and movement;
the presence of a tea gazebo in a secluded nook is also mandatory;
finally, plant diversity is another credo Taoist parka.

The garden in the Middle Kingdom is a model of the world, which means it looks as if the pine trees, bamboo, boulders and streams appeared on their own, many years ago.
Such a garden must create the impression of limitlessness, as well as fullness and richness. Wherever you turn, a new facet of beauty should open up.
A stream with running water and a pond with standing water are indispensable companions of the Chinese park. Carefully selected stones are placed in one area selected according to Feng Shui rules. Stones of unusual color and shape are especially valued.
The completeness of the composition suggests a garden fence, which, however, follows all the bends of the relief and tends to merge with the bushes and trees. A wooden gate topped with a wise aphorism leads to the Chinese garden.

Tea house o round shape placed on a hill from where the distance can be clearly seen.
Flora in a Chinese garden is full of symbolism. Each tree means something: pine - strength of spirit, peach - happiness, juniper - health, fir - longevity... People in China love jasmine, chrysanthemums and peonies, tea roses, dahlias, irises.

Colonial style in landscape design

Colonial garden art combined the traditions of the Old World with the practices of the natives, the inhabitants of the colonies. Signs of a colonial garden:

simple, utilitarian materials;
veranda or terrace as the starting point of the garden;
plants and topiary in large tubs;
white wooden fence;
several sentimental sculptures;
freedom, slight absent-mindedness, evident in the manner of design.

The colonial-style garden begins on a veranda covered with spittle and hops. Garden paths, in the Dutch style, are sprinkled with wood chips or covered with wooden flooring or flagstone.
They decorate the area with small sculptures made of stone, alabaster, ceramics or wood - these are rabbits and ducks, chubby-cheeked angels, cherubs and cupids.

IN set A colonial garden may also include a fountain - a small one, stylized as a washstand, located near the walls of the veranda.
Arches and pergolas, if there is room for them, are preferably forged; garden furniture is made of planed boards, rattan, wicker or bamboo.
Don't forget about the rocking chair and hammock.

The plants in the colonial garden are captivating with their variegated variety. In tubs, flowerpots, containers, urns, the following flowers bloom, replacing each other: hyacinths, daffodils, peonies, lilies, phlox, begonia, sweet tobacco and peas, carnations, hydrangeas. The containers in which they grow can be moved, brought into the veranda or into the house during cold weather.

A certain place is given to edible and medicinal plants - sage, echinacea, lemongrass, marjoram. Fruit trees predominate among the trees, because at first colonial gardens were not so much a place of relaxation as a source of fruits and vegetables.

Moorish landscape design

The Moorish Garden is a fairy tale come true, an oasis full of colors, sounds and aromas. Splendor and luxury are its main parameters.
TO distinctive properties Such a landscape includes:

isolation, closedness;
the chor-bak principle is the basis of the layout;
classical norms, symmetry;
flower beds in the shape of squares, sometimes circles;
pools and fountains lined with Arabic mosaics;
the obligatory presence of fruity, sweet-smelling trees;
fragrant flowers and herbs;
beds, benches in the shade.

The eastern garden is hidden from prying eyes behind a stone fence. This is a square divided into four equal parts (chor-bak rule). Paths, bushes, and less often canals serve as boundaries between squares.
Inside each “puzzle” there is a pond, a fountain or even a swimming pool. Peaches, quince, apricots and pears crowd next to jasmine and roses, hinting at heaven. What is missing?
- That's right, birds. By Moorish garden Peacocks walk around, and cages with canaries and parrots hang on the trees.

In addition to roses, oriental gardens are characterized by tulips, hyacinths, and lilies growing in oblong flower beds.

The murmur of water, bird trills, the fragrance of flowers and fruits should be palpable anywhere in the Mauritanian arboretum.

Details of the Moorish landscape - comfortable, wide beds with many pillows, gazebos in the form of tents, awnings made of thin, airy fabrics and glass beads, mosaics.
Palette – juicy greens, purple, yellow, violet colors.

Provence style in landscape design

In essence, this is the style of the French villages - sweet, soulful, rough and sophisticated at the same time.
Conceptual features French garden:

fruit trees with palmette-shaped silhouettes;
stone terraces, supports made of old, rough tuff, sandstone or shell rock;
many colors of pastel shades;
beds with Provençal herbs;
“antique” gazebos with the same furniture;
pergolas and trellises;
stone well and (or) fountain;
narrow paved paths built in addition to the wide main paths.

Basically, French vineyards are located on slopes, so the gardens are usually fortified with terraces and retaining structures made of stone. Actually, a couple of wide steps are enough to remind you of this tradition.

The gnarled stonework covered with creeping plants is a trademark provencal style, in which every item is shrouded in a light veil of archaism.

Plants are chosen with foliage of different but soft shades - apple trees, olives, lindens, apricots, plane trees, Dubrovnik, grapes.
The main paths are covered with ceramic tiles, rectangular or square, and additional paths are sprinkled with white sand.
Shade in the French garden is created by pergolas that serve as support for wisteria and clematis.
Water in the south is a true value, so a medium-sized fountain made of wild stone must “register” on the site.
The “highlight” of French gardens is springs built into the masonry of retaining walls. Previously, there was also a well, but today it is being replaced by a swimming pool, the sides of which are decorated with ceramic vases with flowers.

There are many flowers: hydrangeas, delphinium, lavatera, cosmos, lupine... Spicy herbs are no less respected: lavender, hyssop, rosemary, thyme, anise, oregano, mint, thyme.
For color, pumpkins and ornamental cabbage are added to the beds.

Creating a corner of a French village is a delicate matter, because many plants will have to look for an adequate replacement. The main difficulty is to arrange the fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers and herbs in regular tiers so that the garden remains a cohesive, colorful picture all year round.

Gazebos and garden furniture are most often wooden, with patina and cracks. For added comfort, pillows are laid out on chairs and benches, and the entrance to the gazebo is covered with muslin.
The shades of a Provençal garden are soft green, white, pink, sky blue and, of course, lavender.

Regular (classic, formal) style

Excellent standards of such a landscape are the ensembles of Peterhof, Versailles, Sans Souci, Tuileries, Hyde Park and other complexes.
Regular style, sometimes called landscape baroque, originated in France, the core of its concept is “man is the architect of nature.”

Classicism, in the bosom of which this garden design was formed, preached rationalism and advocated logic and clarity of proportions. It is no wonder that the regular style, in particular, is characterized by:

mirror symmetry, straight alleys, impeccable geometry of flower beds and lawns;
the main parterre is a rectangular lawn decorated with an antique statue, an exquisite flower bed, vases, colored sand and gravel;
fountains, sculptures and flower beds as centers of compositions;
bosquets - green “rooms” surrounded by walls of evenly trimmed trees and bushes;
an abundance of ridges along the paths - elongated flower beds forming a complex pattern;
artificial ponds of ideally regular, geometric shape;
classic gazebos and belvederes at the intersection of alleys, serving as observation platforms from where you can admire the garden;
strict silhouettes of topiary, flowerpots;
antique statues or sculptural compositions.

All small architectural forms in the garden - from fountains and sculptures to garden benches– placed at carefully selected points, at the intersections of paths, to emphasize the symmetry of the territory. In addition to the listed items, columns and stone balls, forged pergolas and arches, and clearly defined, living borders are widely used in classical gardens.

A special role in the regular landscape belongs to low trees and shrubs with dense crowns, which perfectly hold the shape given by gardeners, these are: cypresses, thujas, euonymuses, lindens, spirea, maples. Among the flowers, preference is given to tulips and lilies, cyclamens.
Shades of a classic garden, in addition to natural greenery, are white, blue, pale yellow.

Landscape in the style of “Russian estate”

You can get into the spirit of this style by reading Russian classics. It’s just a pity that the Russian scale characteristic of old gardens cannot be realized in a small area. In addition to scale, the estate style is distinguished by the following accents:

streamlined shapes and smooth lines;
old lindens, oaks with large trunks and spreading crowns;
shady, secluded corners;
antique sculptures;
artificial pond;
lawns with wild vegetation;
pavilion or rotunda;
hedges, raised flower beds;
forged lanterns.

The atmosphere of a Russian garden is calm and thoughtful; it’s a good place to retire with a book and dream about love.

When arranging a garden-estate, you should avoid too correct forms and pedantry unusual for the Russian mentality.

Benches, swings and gazebos are of a dull color, most often white.
You should not get carried away with exotic flowers, and it is better to prefer lawns covered with clover and dandelions. There must be several coniferous trees, among which, of course, spruce is the emblem of the Russian forest.

The accessories, in addition to those mentioned, also include flowerpots, old, mossy statues, and forged gratings.
The range of the Russian garden is watercolor, without loud components; white, sky, pink, lilac and cream shades prevail in it.

Mediterranean (Italian) garden design style

This is a southern version of the landscape, a resort near home.
Expressive touches:

play of light and shadow;
patio as the center of the composition;
tropical plants in ceramic tubs;
pool;
pergolas and umbrellas;
wide, white-painted benches;
paths and platforms paved with mosaics;
stone terraces or wide steps.

Mediterranean garden - a synthesis of stones, terracotta, plants surrounding the water in the pool. The layout is strict, because the birthplace of the classical canons is the Mediterranean, Hellas and Rome.
The patio is covered with ceramic tiles; For awnings, white, blue, and yellow canvas are used.
The area is landscaped with palm trees in tubs, cypresses, magnolias, acacias, silver olives, almonds and pistachios. They demonstrate topiary skills by trimming crowns in the form of balls and pyramids. Cultivate crocuses, hyacinths, climbing roses, snapdragons and gillyflowers, lilies, primroses. As well as dried flowers - immortelle, kermek, decorative onions and cereals.

Pergolas, covered with ivy and hanging over the alleys, and grottoes will fit into the concept of the Italian garden.

Accessories and decor - amphora-shaped flowerpots, flower pots against the background of white walls and shutters, Corinthian columns and porticoes, imitation of ancient ruins.
The colors of the garden are shades of sand and sea.

Japanese landscape design

A traditional garden in Japan is part of the worldview, an area not for fun, but for thought and contemplation. There are no accidents in it, no aesthetics for the sake of aesthetics: all components symbolize certain elements, expressing yin and yang.
Japanese gardens are alien to Western rationalism with its straightforwardness, unnatural symmetry and geometry.
Essentially, this is a cast, a toy copy of a large-scale landscape, in which there are rivers and mountains, tall trees and low bushes.

Signs of a Japanese garden:

asymmetry as the basis of planning;
a lot of stones from quite large boulders to small gravel, groups of them (rock gardens);
crowns of trees formed in the form of hills;
variety of reservoirs: stream, pond, stone bowl of water;
paved, step-by-step trails;
"dry" streams;
moss, ferns;
bamboo fences, gates;
gazebo - tea house.

The Japanese garden is distinguished by its seclusion - most often it is hidden behind walls, thanks to which, as well as boulders and grottoes, it is associated with a refuge.

All water bodies in a Japanese garden they have a natural appearance - that is, these are not fountains or pools.

One of important characteristics Japanese garden - its non-seasonal nature, it is planned in such a way as to promote reflection and contemplation at any time of the year. The garden should please the eye in early spring, late autumn, and even winter. For this purpose, not only evergreen plants are used, but also Japanese lanterns in branches, trees with winding trunks, fancy roots and driftwood.

Attributes of the garden in Japanese style– benches made of roughly sawn wood or stone, graceful, curved bridges over streams, ropes.
The paths in such a park are not easy, they symbolize life path and covered with flat stones, each one step deep.
Typical flora are pine and maple, cherry, bamboo. You should definitely include plants whose leaves turn scarlet, crimson, or crimson.
The range of the Japanese garden is gray-green, white, brown, red-brown, carmine; transitions from color to color are unsharp and blurry.

Despite the fact that the direction implies conciseness and extreme simplicity, it is quite difficult to implement the idea of minimalism in the garden. After all, it has to be implemented using a minimum number of tools.
The principles of such a garden:

using relief differences to divide into zones;
spaciousness, isolation of objects;
steps, stairs;
the paths are straight as arrows;
geometric regular pond.

Garden accessories and decor of a minimalist garden have something in common with high-tech, but are less varied. These are, in particular, polished balls made of metal, stone or concrete, strict but effective LED lamps, painted gravel, non-bulky Street furniture made of plastic or aluminum.

Filling with gravel and crushed stone can completely replace lawns. Trees and shrubs are distinguished by their graphic forms - these are plane trees, spruce and thuja, and columnar juniper.

For vertical gardening, hops, actinidia, and wild grapes are used. Sedges and ferns, mosses and grasses are suitable to cover the soil.
Flowers?
“Even minimalism can’t do without them, but there should be a few bright plants, two or three crops. Zinnias, petunias, asters, and chrysanthemums are planted in wooden or plastic boxes, which emphasizes the urban spirit of the style.
Minimalist colors – gray, silver, white, beige, light brown.

emphasis on the structure of the garden, on small architectural forms;
smooth, arched, wavy lines;
use of modern materials;
abundance of accents;
contrast of colors and textures, alternation of well-lit and darkened areas;
asymmetrical flower beds and flower beds.

Art Nouveau is closer to the landscape style with its denial of regular, non-living nature outlines. But the freedom of style is not limitless, rather, it is even well dosed.

The central point of the Art Nouveau garden is. Vegetation is planted in groups, in the middle of which there is something unusual, exotic shrub, for example, or a tree with original color leaves, bright berries, a fancy trunk.
To create contrasts, they combine tall oak and squat willow, ordinary species with dwarf ones. Climbing plants such as wild grapes, ivy and clematis are widely used.

The pretentiousness and mystery required by the style are added by irises, lilies, nasturtiums, poppies, lilies of the valley, daffodils, colorful succulents and spreading ferns.

Details of the modern garden - clear outlines of flower containers, large concrete or terracotta slabs, textured garden parquet, figurines of birds, beetles and butterflies. And also forged trellises with floral patterns, built into gazebos, benches, lanterns and fences.

The colors of the garden are beige, chocolate, silver, pink, burgundy, and blue.

High-tech in landscape design

Yes, this fashionable style has made its way into nature, subordinating it to the latest technologies. This landscape is distinguished by:

expressive, chopped forms, clear boundaries, right angles;
polished stone and wood;
large parts made of glass, metal, finishing with composite materials;
straight or zigzag alleys;
very well-groomed, smooth lawn;
supports for vertical gardening;
a hammered pond with a concrete edging;
straight, like step keys;
modern lamps as a means of decoration and landscape lighting;
fences in the form of cubes, rectangles, balls.

High-tech does not provide for bright flower beds, calling for the abandonment of lush flower beds and an abundance of colors.
For landscaping, choose not very tall trees and shrubs with hard, dense crowns - boxwood, spruce, juniper, plane trees.
hedge formed from barberry, hawthorn, cotoneaster. Small, unique flower beds of ferns, hostas, and succulents are laid out on the lawns.

Straight paths are neatly and tightly covered concrete tiles, wooden dies or sprinkled with white, painted gravel.

There can be several artificial ponds, autonomous or interconnected, always of regular shape, with concrete “shores”.

However, a high-tech garden is not at all devoid of decor. It is decorated with balls and spherical vases made of polished stone and mirror metal, abstract monuments, and LED lamps.
Even, “cosmic” lighting is used to equip containers for plants, the sides of the pool and steps to it, and futuristic sculptures.
And also among the accessories are spherical gazebos made of metal or wood, artificial stones, CDs on branches.

The general color is a mixture of gray, chocolate, silver, blue, and purple. They dilute the restrained palette with strokes of red, red, and black.

Ecostyle in landscape design (naturgarden)

Landscape design in eco style is a fashionable hobby today. The essence of the idea is minimal intrusion into the natural environment in order to preserve the maximum naturalness of the landscape.
Naturgarden is a local, self-sufficient ecosystem in which all elements are connected and support each other. Its signs:

materials of natural origin, typical of the area;
authenticity, miraculousness of the relief;
a combination of garden flowers with wild flowers, plants and stones;
natural lawns, not covered lawn grass, and wild, field;
uneven, intermittent paths, carelessly laid out with stones with gaps;
forest trees and shrubs.

The basis of the eco-garden is the flora characteristic of the area. And not only because it meets the criterion of maximum naturalness. But also because such plants are resistant to pests and do not require chemical protection.

The paths are covered with stone, turf or pebbles - they should not be straight, but not too winding so as not to stand out from the environment.

Attributes of ecological design - primitive-looking furniture made of wood, wicker or rattan, stone hearth or a fireplace, hut or canopy. Stumps and snags, cut down trees in the eco-garden are replaced by benches and statues, and a small swamp bordered by reeds is replaced by a fountain.

The decor of the garden is discreet: lanterns, for example, made from bottles suspended from trees, bird feeders, crafts made from wicker or hemp. Decorate an eco-site and a house for beetles, a beehive.

Vegetation is selected in such a way that it benefits the fauna and gets along with insects and birds. These are, for example, honey flowers that attract bees, bushes where hedgehogs will live, and berries that birds will feed on.
The palette of the ecological garden is soft, natural tones.

A garden is an extension of the house, and you don’t choose its style when you buy flower seeds and tree seedlings. And much earlier, when you decide what its environment will be like. After all, you must admit that it is difficult to imagine a garden in a regular style adjacent to a high-tech house. Or an eastern, Islamic landscape with an English cottage...
However, it is absolutely not necessary to try to realize this or that landscape idea, using everything from A to Z of style resources. Sometimes a few or just a few style elements are enough for the garden to acquire a spectacular, memorable appearance.

Every owner of a personal plot of land - be it a dacha or a full-fledged country house - wants his plot to become unique and great place, where it’s nice to be and where you can feel really good.

Perhaps this article will help you understand landscape design styles and choose the style that suits you. The landscape design styles presented in this article are the most popular in the world, and therefore, there is a high probability that you will find inspiration in the photos presented.

Modern style in landscape design.

What we call modern landscape design is actually a trend that began in the 50s and 60s. Modern style is based on simple geometry and linear designs.

Modern design, despite the simplicity of its forms, is quite elegant and sophisticated. The garden, designed in a modern style, is a well-organized space. The focus in such a garden is on large and small forms - buildings or furniture, rather than on plants. In the modern style of landscape design they are practically not used flowering plants. The mood is created not through flowers, but thanks to colorful decorative elements - pillows, flower pots And so on.

The basis of modern style is to create contrast. For example, a large concentration of green grass against a regular concrete wall or simple plain garden furniture with very bright cushions. When creating contrast, don't overdo it. Select two or three spots in your yard and introduce one contrasting element to each spot.

Tuscan style in landscape design.

Tuscan gardens are famous for their impressive design. These gardens have inspired us for centuries, starting with the Renaissance gardens. They have their own identity. Of course, creating a landscape in the Tuscan style in the middle zone is very difficult, but you can at least convey its mood.

The Tuscan style in landscape design is closely related to agriculture. Tuscan gardens are often surrounded by vineyards and olive trees, and herbs are grown in them, which are used in the kitchen as spices. If your climate allows it, be sure to plant it in a Tuscan style garden. citrus plants in pallets.

A Tuscan garden must have a seating area in the form of a gazebo where people can gather friendly company. There are many benches in the Tuscan landscape. A Tuscan garden does not have to look perfectly manicured; the plants grow naturally in it. There are no plants here that require special care. For the same reason, for Tuscan style Landscape design is not characterized by the presence of lawns.

Country style in landscape design.

Country style originates from the famous English gardens of the 1600s. This style is ideal for summer cottages and farmhouses, it goes well with rustic architecture. Country style landscapes are initially designed for practical use. Country style in landscape design implies the presence of beehives, fruit trees, vegetables and herbs. Country style flowers are used only as an addition.

The basis of the country style in landscape design is plants, and not decorative elements, as, for example, in the modern style of landscape design. Country style is characterized by the presence of small open areas hidden among lush vegetation. On open area you can place a gazebo. The gazebo should be placed away from the house, which will provide a sense of mystery to everyone relaxing in your garden.

Country style is characterized by the presence of winding lines. Geometric shapes, straight perfect lines, and even symmetrical curves are not typical for this style in the landscape. Better pay attention to the combination of colors in the garden. Country style in landscape design has deep charm and extraordinary character.

Features of country style in landscape design.

English landscape style

The English style in landscape design is an attempt to get away from the prevailing style in Europe for a long time from the French regular style with its ideal forms to a simpler and freer style. However, it should be said that in the English garden, as in the French regular, there is always a perfectly manicured lawn.

A feature of the English style in landscape design is the obligatory presence of a pond or lake on the site. In English gardens there are always trees and shrubs. Initially, English gardens were very large in area, but today even on a small summer cottage you can successfully imitate the English style.

Elements of an English garden:

Xeriscape in landscape design.

Xeriscape is a special style in landscape design. It is designed for difficult areas with not very favorable conditions, and, in particular, with a lack of moisture - with dry soils. The basis for creating a xeriscape landscape is the selection of unpretentious, drought-resistant plants. Xeriscaping is an effective way to save money by using little water. For example, it is estimated that not using a lawn reduces the cost of water required to irrigate a site by approximately 80%.

But you should keep in mind that you will only be able to save on water in the third year. During the first two summers, a xeriscape site requires thorough watering at regular intervals to allow the plants to develop deep root systems. Xeriscape is more than a style, it is an idea of rational use of water. Usually people choose xeriscaping not so much in order to save money, but in terms of savings natural resources, therefore, landscapes in this style are, in principle, not characterized by the presence of irrigation installations. Barrels are installed on the plots to collect rainwater, which is used for irrigation.

Mediterranean style in landscape design

Peculiar variations of the Mediterranean style are Tuscan And Spanish styles also described in this article. If you dream of a vacation on the Mediterranean coast, recreate the beauty of the Mediterranean landscape in your own backyard.

A special feature of the Mediterranean landscape is that many aromatic herbs grow here. Lavender is a minimum task. When recreating the Mediterranean style of landscape in your summer cottage, make sure that among the selected plants there are many fragrant herbs, as well as herbs that are also spices - lemon balm, etc. Another idea - in a Mediterranean-style garden you can organize a place for the Italian game of bocce .

Colonial style - photo and description.

The colonial style of landscaping dates back to when the first settlers from Britain established colonies in North America. The settlers began to lead new image life and created a special style of landscape design - the colonial style. This style is not based on high aesthetics, but on practicality as the basis of survival. There is not much planting for ornamental purposes in the colonial landscape. The color palette is pastel.

Colonial Gardens have 3 areas. The first is intended for practical use; there are agricultural buildings here. The second one is reminiscent of our orchard. The third is a garden of herbs and vegetables, in other words, a vegetable garden. Everything is like ours))). The colonial style is characterized by straight and symmetrical paths - between flower beds. Colonial landscapes, like architecture, are symmetrical and often divided into square zones with paths between them.

Cape Cod style

Cape Cod, a cape in eastern Massachusetts, is the birthplace of the Cape Cod style, which spread throughout the country and then around the world. Houses in this style blend into the landscape, as they are painted in natural tones, but are distinguished by their charm. Cape Cod style landscapes are simple and elegant.

There are not many plants here, or rather, not more than are needed to feel like you are in a garden. Cape Cod style features container flowers and lush greenery. There are not many flowers - they are used as an accent for greenery. White flowers are welcome and go well with greenery and white fences.

Coastal style

Coastal gardens are among the few that are not based on creating beauty, but on highlighting what is. Coastal landscapes are simple, their design enhances the natural beauty of their location. Coastal gardens vary in size but are always relaxing in their simplicity. The natural beauty is emphasized by massive plantings of herbs and shrubs. Shrubs are the basis of the coastal style.

A must-have element of a coastal-style garden is a patio with wicker chairs or benches. The use of light colors in small architectural forms is the basis of the style, therefore light granite and sand are ideal for designing winding paths. No matter your location, a riverside garden is guaranteed to provide you with a tranquil retreat, a great place to relax and read a book.

Spanish style - photo and description

The Spanish style of landscape design has been greatly influenced by Islamic, Persian and Moorish landscaping traditions. Originating in Spain, this style is now popular throughout the world, especially in areas with similar hot and dry climates. The Spanish style of landscape design has improved the principle of dividing space and creating closed areas. Patios, terraces overlooking the landscape, fountains - all these are features of the Spanish style.

Water must be present in the Spanish landscape. Fountains and the use of water are extremely important features in the Spanish style. The courtyards are designed down to the smallest detail. Decorative ponds of regular geometric shape with symmetrical flower beds around can replace fountains. Symmetry is one of the main elements of the Spanish garden.

The basis of the Spanish landscape is made up of drought-resistant plants. Widely used ceramic tile, with its help, almost any small architectural forms and design elements are created, such as: built-in benches, fountains, ponds, retaining walls, paths, etc. Large terracotta pots with bright blue glaze are also a must-have decorative element.

I hope this short guide to landscape design styles helped you decide on the choice of style for your summer cottage, and the photos and descriptions of the styles directed your creativity in the right direction. Good luck in creating something beautiful!

Each owner land plot wants to design it so that it looks not just beautiful, but also unique. For this purpose, there are different areas of landscape design, which have their own characteristics and characteristics.

A well-thought-out layout of the territory, as well as the chosen colors, plants, decor, furniture and equipment make it possible to create a unique landscape composition even on the most primitive site.

Peculiarities

Currently, special attention is paid to landscape design. After all, a beautifully designed garden or personal plot creates a favorable atmosphere and a feeling of comfort. Only a properly planned landscape looks truly stylish and presentable.

To design the territory, the following landscape design elements are used:

planting materials in the form of trees, shrubs and lawns;
architectural elements, which include paths, gazebos, sculptures, bridges and canopies;
components of a rock garden in the form of flower beds, flower beds and retaining structures;
elements of reservoirs from cascades, streams and ponds.

Any direction of landscape design is a whole philosophy, which is based on a certain type of art and creativity. Using this or that style, you can create a comfortable environment not only for yourself, but also for those around you.

The main thing is that the entire area has the appearance of a single composition, only then will it radiate aesthetic beauty and look complete.

Main groups

All styles of landscape design have their own characteristics and characteristics, which you should definitely pay due attention to. It must be remembered that each direction in the landscape is intended for a specific area, therefore, before making the final choice, it is recommended that you read the description of the option of interest.

Conventionally, all landscape directions are divided into two main groups:

Regular. Characterized by strict geometric shapes and patterns.
Landscape. They are as close as possible to nature and its natural beauty.

Each of these groups includes certain styles that differ from each other in their individual characteristics.

Classical

This regular style is based on strict symmetry and clear geometric shapes. This direction intended for large areas where it is possible to bring all creative ideas into reality.

The constituent elements of such a landscape are straight alleys, neat flower beds, round arbors, wrought iron benches, pergolas, as well as decorative decorations in the form of arches, columns, antique sculptures and stone balls. In the very center of the site must be located beautiful fountains and reservoirs.

Trees planted here include thujas, maples, lindens, jasmine and lilacs, and flowers are presented in the form of roses, begonias, salvias and phlox.

Modern

An exquisite style of landscape design, which is characterized by such features as elegance and high cost. Special attention here the focus is on architecture and accessories, but vegetation fades into the background. The central element in the design is always the house, which smoothly and very harmoniously complements the other objects.

Preference is given to materials of natural origin, which gives the atmosphere nobility.

Plants with pointed leaves, such as hops or girl's grapes, beautifully planted in groups to create an atmosphere of comfort and tranquility.

The color scheme consists of black, white, chocolate, beige, silver, blue and purple. Red and yellow colors can be used as contrast. A wonderful decoration is the presence of a fountain or stream, which gives the area a special freshness.

Beautiful gazebos, benches and fences are necessarily complemented with forged elements on a plant theme. In addition, figures of birds and animals in bronze colors are used as decoration.

Oriental

It is characterized by a wide variety of plants, as well as the architectural forms used. This style is based on several directions simultaneously:

Chinese. When decorating, each element is located according to the rules of Feng Shui. Particular attention is paid to plants, which are presented in the form of fruit and evergreen trees, shrubs, medicinal herbs and flowers. The decorative function is performed by bronze sculptures, wooden figurines, as well as architectural forms. Cozy gazebos and small houses create a favorable atmosphere for spending time.
Japanese. It is characterized by such features as minimalism and conciseness. Each component detail here carries a certain meaning and is also a symbol of Japan. An alpine slide and sakura are considered a mandatory element.

Asian. Designed for large areas where it is possible to create real comfort and harmony. The design uses gentle tones and clear contours, making each composition look very stylish and aesthetically beautiful. Stones of different shapes are an integral part of this trend, so they complement almost every component of the landscape.

The oriental style is characterized by a clear planning of zones, as well as the correct geometric arrangement of trees, bushes and flowers, which together gives a feeling of serene calm.

Modern

A style of landscape design that is distinguished by sophistication and grace. It is characterized by simple geometric shapes and linear designs. In the process of arranging the site, materials such as natural wood, metal and concrete are used. They serve as decoration modern sculptures, improvised fireplaces and garden furniture. Plants suitable here include cacti, non-flowering plants, dracaena, yucca, succulents and grass.

The most popular areas of modern style include:

Minimalism. Created using laconic forms and minimum quantity constituent elements. Great for both large and small areas. The main rule here is to divide the territory into separate zones. The color scheme consists of white, silver, cream and light terracotta shades. Trees such as birch, thuja, pine, maple, willow, as well as various fruit plantings are used for landscaping.

High tech. A style that does not require clear lines and specific decor, making it suitable for implementing the most extraordinary ideas. Materials such as glass, stone, metal, plastic and polycarbonate are used to design the site. Important has good lighting, which most often takes the form of LEDs, neatly arranged in modern lighting fixtures.

Loft. Considered the most budget option landscape design. Brick and stone masonry are appropriate here, and ordinary pallets, boxes, pots and decorative lamps are often used as decoration. The color scheme is quite restrained and is presented in light, cool shades.

The design in this style looks quite simple, but at the same time functional and beautiful.

Vanguard. An amazing and extraordinary style, characterized by the most daring experiments and unusual lines. In such a design, not only a cottage plot, but also any park or alley will look original. It harmoniously combines bright flowering plants and calm atmosphere that have a beneficial effect on others. This free style is distinguished by the author’s idea, which, with the help of imagination and creativity, is successfully implemented on the object.

Bionics. A fairly new design direction, where preference is given to environmentally friendly materials of natural origin. Used as decorations interesting lamps with imitation of waterfalls, flowers, trees or sea creatures. This feature gives the atmosphere a certain romance and comfort.

Mirrored or glossy surfaces in the form of paths or other landscape elements add special beauty to the site.

Each of these areas is a real fashion trend, which is capable of turning even the most primitive area into a chic design composition.

Ethnic

This direction of landscape design is characterized by the creation of a comfortable and aesthetically attractive area for relaxation, in accordance with all relevant rules. Here it is important to correctly place accents with the help of plants, furniture and decorative elements.

The most popular ethnic styles are:

Alpine. Its main features are durability and ease of creation. Stone is actively used here, from which various kinds of slides, paths and boulders are created. All compositions are decorated in light colors using appropriate alpine plants. It is perfect for both large and very small areas.

Landscape. Using this style, beautiful imitations of meadows, fields, forests or other natural landscapes are created. Decorative elements made from natural materials in the form of wooden gazebos, stumps and logs harmoniously complement the landscape composition. Nice decoration There will be a small lake or pond, the banks of which will be lined with sand and pebbles, and water lilies and water lilies will float in the water. Forest and wildflowers add special beauty to the area.

Rustic. It does not require strict planning, and any available materials are suitable for its creation. Such rural landscape design involves a minimum of costs, but at the same time is very picturesque, cozy and comfortable. Handmade furniture looks original, as well as decorative decorations in the form of wicker baskets, wooden carts and antique bicycles. The flower beds on the site are arranged in random order and act as unique bright accents.
Country. Democratic style, characterized by simplicity, thoroughness and closeness to nature. The paths are made of brick, wood or slabs, along which grass, lilacs, jasmine and wildflowers grow. Beautiful gazebo made from a log house, a pond or stream with a garden bridge across it, create a favorable atmosphere for complete relaxation and tranquility.

Beautiful decorations include wickerwork, swings, wells, and wooden benches, buckets and watering cans.

Provence. An elegant and delicate style of landscape design, with which you can easily create a beautiful relaxation area. In addition to flower beds, it is appropriate to plant flowers in boxes and baskets, combining different options. Provence style is characterized by a delicate color scheme in beige, white, pink, blue and purple tones.

English. An ideal solution for large areas where it is possible to turn your design imagination into reality. There are no strict forms or straight lines here, so each component element of the landscape is characterized by unevenness, tortuosity and a natural shape. Preference is given to natural materials such as wood, stone, sandstone or gravel.

Mandatory items are gazebos, swings, barbecues and bridges with forging elements.

Mediterranean. A style with a pronounced Greek accent, the color scheme of which is presented in white, blue, yellow and terracotta tones. The plots are decorated with a huge number of flowers arranged in ceramic pots. Integral attributes of this landscape trend are open gazebos and fountains, around which paths made of stone or ceramic tiles are carefully laid out.

Comfortable rattan furniture or wrought iron benches, complemented soft pillows give the atmosphere a special coziness.

Scandinavian. It feels functional, simple, restrained and orderly. The color scheme is in natural shades such as green, blue, brown, red, yellow and grey. Wood and stone are used as the main materials. Perfect for this style suitable furniture made of wicker or rattan, complemented by decorative elements such as sculptures, as well as antique objects in the form of carts, spindles, wheels, barrels and ceramic shards.

Italian. In this style, you can observe a clear division of the site into separate zones using straight or diagonal lines. There must be a small pond, a fountain or a beautiful statue in the center. This design trend is characterized by a lot of stones, which decorate almost every element of the landscape. Plants you can plant include miniature rose, Japanese quince, Italian pines, cypresses, jasmine, almonds and Amur grapes.

French. It involves the design of the territory in the form of unique compositions with clear lines and smooth geometric shapes. Neat paths, as well as alleys made of hazel and juniper perfectly emphasize the beauty of this style. The central element is a pond, fountain, pool or statue. Beautiful lawns, edged with pebbles, look especially aristocratic.

Mauritanian. It is distinguished by an abundance of lush flower beds and tropical plants. The reservoirs present on the site have a rectangular or square shape, the bottom of which is lined with colored tiles or stones in the form of a bright ornament. Gazebos are also characterized by a square or rectangular shape and can be decorated with decor in the form of flowering vines.

Indian. Sites designed in this style are characterized by strict geometricity, so the landscape area here looks like a single whole. The presence of different water elements in the form of canals, pools, fountains and lakes creates a feeling of complete harmony with nature. The gazebos are decorated with fresh flowers and carved trellises. All paths are laid out from colored gravel, along which figurines and lanterns are located.

This direction of landscape design allows for maximum use of trees, shrubs and flowers.

Chalet. Amazing style, where in the main part of the site there are different mountain landscapes in the form alpine slides, beautiful slopes and rockeries. The characteristic features of this direction are the zoning of the territory, the presence of alpine slides, water bodies, beautiful paths and lawns, as well as bright flower beds. The color scheme is presented in light and calm tones, but sometimes inclusions in the form of red and orange shades are allowed.

As for vegetation, it is appropriate to use coniferous and evergreen trees such as pine, spruce, thuja and cypress.