Solid fuel boilers do not lose their relevance and popularity. Even if mains gas and electricity are available, solid fuel is often more effective or more cost-effective for heating a home. To use it, it is useful to familiarize yourself with how to piping a solid fuel heating boiler, a diagram that will work better in the house.
Methods for connecting the boiler to the heating circuit
The composition of the equipment and the boiler piping directly depends on the selected type of heating circuit, the method of circulation of the coolant and the degree of automation of the process, such as fine-tuning the climate or simply adjusting the heating of the coolant.
The task of the entire strapping complex is:
- Ensure uniform heat distribution throughout the heating circuit.
- Protect people and equipment from any emergency or emergency situations, minimizing the consequences of a breakdown.
- Reducing the influence of frequency in the operation of a solid fuel boiler, since the main power is released only after the next load of fuel is ignited, while as it burns out, the heat transfer decreases.
Automation
First of all, you need to ensure trouble-free operation of the boiler itself. To control the combustion process of fuel (wood, coal or pallets), it is enough to control the supply of fresh air to the firebox. With solid fuel boilers, this means using automation units based on a controller, thermostat and blower fan in the piping.
In the simplest version, a draft regulator will help automate the operation of the boiler. A simple design solution that includes a non-volatile thermostat. Depending on the temperature of the exhaust gases or coolant in the heat exchanger, the draft regulator changes the degree of tension of the chain connected to the damper, thereby changing the level of air supply into the combustion chamber.
For full control and automation, one cannot do without including a controller in the harness that can set optimal mode operation of a solid fuel unit. It relies on data from several temperature sensors and controls the fan that supplies air to the firebox. A solid fuel boiler control kit will cost an average of $25-45 and will provide:
- Adjustment of fuel combustion activity depending on the coolant temperature.
- Saving fuel by avoiding pointless burnout and heat release into the chimney.
- Increasing boiler safety by installing forced draft and controlling the removal of combustion products.
- Automatic shutdown of the boiler when the water in the heat exchanger overheats, preventing rupture or other serious consequences.
However, the automation unit simultaneously makes the solid fuel boiler energy-dependent, so for non-stop and high-quality operation you will have to acquire a powerful source uninterruptible power supply(UPS).
Composition of mandatory harness
Security group
This implies a standard set of equipment, including:
- blast safety valve;
- automatic air vent;
- pressure gauge
It is advisable to purchase a security group from finished form, selecting elements in strict accordance with the heating project and the characteristics of the solid fuel boiler. In this arrangement, the safety group is in demand primarily in closed heating systems, where a consistently high coolant pressure is maintained. How to select a security group is described in this article.
The group is installed in the harness only in compliance with four basic rules:
- directly next to the boiler at the hot outlet;
- the section of pipe from the boiler to the group should be made with the same pipe cross-section, without narrowing and preferably without the use of bends or turns;
- It is unacceptable to install shut-off valves between the boiler and the safety group;
- the group and specifically the air vent are mounted at the highest point of the circuit.
For natural circulation with a closed circuit, the distance from the boiler to the safety group can be several meters, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of the blast valve.
Expansion tank
To compensate thermal expansion coolant in the heating circuit piping, an expansion tank is used:
- leak-proof for systems open type;
- membrane – for sealed closed heating systems.
In the first case, this can be a container with a volume of at least 10% of the total coolant volume in the circuit. Installed at the highest point of the contour. The installation height also determines operating pressure systems. Performs the functions of a security group. The tank is not isolated from environment and due to installation at the highest point, it ensures effective removal of air circulating in the pipes. If the coolant expands excessively, excess water enters the tank or is discharged into the sewer when the permissible volume is exceeded.
A membrane-type expansion tank is designed for closed heating systems in which the operating pressure is artificially set at 1.5-2.5 atmospheres. Inside the tank, the space is divided by an elastic rubber membrane into two chambers: coolant enters one, air is pumped under pressure into the second.
An expansion tank is installed at the hot outlet of the boiler after the safety group or at the cold outlet bottom connection after piping the circulation pump.
1 - solid fuel boiler, 2 - safety group, 3 - thermostatic regulator, 4 - three-way valve, 5 - circulation pump, 6 - membrane-type expansion tank, 7 - coarse filter, 8 - radiators, 9 - heat accumulator Bypass and selection of distribution pipes
A bypass is a section of pipe connected parallel to any node in the heating circuit. It is needed to reduce the overall hydraulic resistance of the circuit and to be able to control and regulate the volume of coolant entering a separate unit, radiator, storage tank, expansion tank, etc.
With a solid fuel boiler, bypasses must be installed on each radiator and storage tank, without exception, so that a circuit is formed in which the coolant can by default circulate without any obstacles or problems and regardless of bandwidth each individual element.
In addition, it is advisable to install a bypass on the boiler itself. In fact, this forms a small circulation loop in which the boiler is tied to itself.
However, this can only be done if the solid fuel unit is equipped with overheating protection and an automation unit that will prevent water from boiling.
The presence of a small circuit in a system with forced circulation allows you to control the heating of the house without changing the load on the pump and without resorting to fine-tuning the operation of the boiler. Using a three-way valve with a thermostatic head, it is possible to set the target temperature in the heating circuit in a narrow range and hot water from the boiler will flow only when necessary to replenish the expended energy.
Basic requirements for heating pipes with solid fuel boilers:
- The section directly from the boiler along the hot and cold outlets at a distance of up to 1.5 meters is made exclusively of metal, and then, if necessary, a transition to metal-plastic is installed.
- The main piping components (safety group, circulation pump, expansion tank) are mounted with pipes of the maximum permissible cross-section to reduce hydraulic resistance.
- The distribution pipes must comply temperature conditions boiler and heating system with a margin of up to 20%.
Storage capacity
A bypass and a small circuit with a three-way valve allow you to completely solve the problem of adjusting the heating on the radiator side. However, this does not solve the problem with the boiler, which is forced to work intermittently or often turn off due to automatic decisions, after which it will have to be lit again.
Storage capacity in harness solid fuel heating It is a large volume insulated tank filled with coolant. Due to the high heat capacity of water, thermal energy can accumulate in the accumulator during periods of maximum heat transfer from the boiler. As soon as the fuel load burns out and the temperature of the coolant in the main circuit decreases, heat begins to flow from the heat accumulator, smoothing out temperature fluctuations. The heat accumulator is installed parallel to the main circuit.
By design they are distinguished:
- pass-through heat accumulators, in which the coolant directly accumulates, increasing the total volume of water in the system;
- batteries with heat exchangers in the form of built-in coils or pipe registers.
Wiring diagram for a solid fuel heating boiler
The wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler is a carefully thought-out system of various devices and small elements that are necessary for the correct formation of a single, high-quality scheme for adjustable heating of a private home. This necessarily includes the boiler itself, heated floors, towel rails, radiators, modern devices for control and full automation, pipeline, as well as regulating and conventional shut-off steel rods (fittings).
Solid fuel boiler piping
The choice of a reliable connection diagram itself, as well as full compliance with standards and compliance with recommendations and rules during the direct installation of a boiler purchased and selected for the premises, is an indisputable guarantee of absolutely reliable and smooth operation of heating equipment throughout the entire period of active and rather long operation.
The main purpose of the piping is to correctly regulate the temperature, select the appropriate operating mode, and also eliminate the risk of overheating of the installed boiler and the entire large system as a whole. If the process is carried out efficiently and carefully, you can save quite a lot of money due to the correct and efficient distribution of heat throughout a private home. Installing expensive automation in this case simply does not make sense.
This aspect is very important for constant work with all equipment that runs exclusively on solid and high-quality fuel. For different models of boilers of this type, automatic simple system. For this reason, proper boiler piping will significantly affect the efficiency of the device.
How to choose pipes for reliable boiler piping?
Piping a solid fuel boiler - which pipe is best? This element is the basis of the entire system that will be implemented in the future. It is the selection of this material that should be taken carefully and thoughtfully.
Proper boiler piping regulates the temperature
The modern market is ready to offer a wide range of pipes. Each type has its own personal characteristics, features and performance qualities:
- copper pipe;
- polypropylene pipe.
If we are talking about piping the boiler using the latter option, we should immediately note the range of advantages:
- Easy to install. Such pipes are very quickly and easily installed, and to connect them you only need a soldering iron. The whole process will take a maximum of a week.
- Resistance to severe overheating. The pipes use a special, well-thought-out frame made of high-quality reinforced fine mesh.
- Low thermal conductivity. The pipes are able to maintain the maximum temperature of the coolant gained due to heating during its transportation according to the scheme.
- Movement of the coolant itself. The smoothness of the pipes, as well as maximum resistance to the formation of unwanted salt deposits, makes it possible to maintain a stable high rate of constant movement of the coolant throughout the entire long period of active operation.
Thermal piping
The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is carried out on the basis of certain rules and regulations that should guide those who take up this matter. Of course, the work is quite simple and understandable if you do everything carefully, but still there are certain nuances that should be taken into account:
- Each connection is made efficiently and reliably, so that there is no doubt about the safety of the installed system.
- The most popular and in demand strapping scheme is the one with two circuits.
- The use of pipes that are made of any hot material is not recommended and even strictly prohibited. It is allowed to tie a boiler with polypropylene only if there are certificates for these products.
- The system will be in good and safe condition if the equipment is regularly and professionally inspected.
- The coolant that moves along the circuit must be clean. This way you can easily prevent premature damage and failure of the pipe.
- To prevent the system from airing, you will need to install a conventional air vent.
- Properly and carefully done piping will always be considered as effective as possible when the power of the solid fuel boiler selected for the home is correctly calculated in advance.
- To prevent a dangerous leak at any of the connections, it is necessary to use a special paronite.
- If the area of the room itself is relatively small, it is recommended to use the natural flow of the coolant.
- The wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler must also take into account off-season periods when significant overheating of the room can occur.
- The quality of each, even the smallest, unit, part, and element determines the quality indicator of the entire connection. Low-quality materials are a deliberate step towards an unprofitable investment of funds.
- The size of the installed tank always matters, since a large boiler piping also requires large dimensions of this element of the circuit.
Typical piping schemes for solid fuel boilers
Wiring a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator: diagram and explanation.
This option is quite painstaking and complex, but also effective. In this type of circuit, the battery plays the role of a special buffer-type capacity. In the first installed circuit, where water moves when the boiler itself is ignited, a gradual mixing unit is built in, which includes certain elements:
- ball valves;
- sump;
- circulation pump;
- three-way thermostatic valve;
- temperature control device.
Wiring diagram with a heat accumulator
The piping of a solid fuel heating boiler, the circuit of which consists of such devices, differs from other modifications in that each component is assembled into a single unit, and the coolant is directed into the tank itself, and not into the entire heating system of the house.
This method allows you to connect as many heating branches at the outlet of the heated tank as the area and individual needs of the person living in the room require. Please note that each branch has its own small circulation pump. Each circuit is divided hydraulically, and excess heat is concentrated in a tank.
Piping with natural fuel circulation: diagram and description.
This option is the simplest, as it does not provide a single additional element. Each stage is performed entirely by hand, and fuel is added gradually and as needed. Mandatory requirement- pipes with the largest possible diameter to form the correct global heating circuit.
Trim with natural fuel circulation
Piping of forced fuel circulation: diagram and explanation.
The piping diagram of a solid fuel boiler with a circulation pump, which is designed for uniform and balanced movement of the selected coolant through the connected system, makes it possible to correctly adjust the temperature of each installed radiator separately. A significant drawback is that the good and stable operation of the pump directly depends on the variable operation and supply of electricity.
Forced circulation piping diagram
Wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler with a hydraulic arrow: description.
This option involves the use of a modern special device - a hydraulic arrow, which is a small vertical pipe with a significant diameter. It is connected to the output-input of the boiler. This method of connecting any heating device makes it possible to select the optimal and individual temperature for each device separately.
Strapping diagram with hydraulic arrow
Functionality of the strapping system
In the system that they decided to make in country house, it is necessary to add certain components to establish the operation of the boiler itself:
- Circular pump. It is used only in cases where natural circulation simply does not have the right to exist in the created boiler piping.
- Expansion tank. Allows excess air to escape from the circuit, and also contains excess coolant.
- Air balloon. Thanks to the thoughtful design of this component, air pockets do not accumulate in the system.
- Sump. It prevents the heating system from becoming dirty, constantly cleans the coolant, as well as accumulations on the pipes.
- Hydroarrow. Thanks to this element, it becomes possible to connect several heating circuits to just one boiler at once, but according to different parameters.
Unlike electric and gas heating units, boilers operating on solid fuel, are almost never equipped with circulation pumps, a safety group, or adjustment and control devices. Everyone solves these issues independently, choosing a heating device piping scheme in accordance with the type and features of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and performance of heating, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation depends on how correctly the heat generator is installed. That is why it is important to include in the diagram components and devices that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in the event of emergency situations.
In addition, when installing a solid fuel boiler, you should not give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. you can solve the problem of temperature differences when rebooting the boiler, and the boiler indirect heating will provide a home hot water. Have you thought about connecting a solid fuel heating unit according to all the rules? We will help you with this!
Typical wiring diagrams for solid fuel boilers
The opinion that a solid fuel boiler is an obsolete unit covered with dirt and soot is wrong, isn’t it?
The complexity of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to high inertia of the heating system, which negatively affects the convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For efficient work heating piping must ensure the temperature of the thermal agent within 60 – 65 °C. Of course, if the equipment is not integrated correctly, such heating at above-zero temperatures “overboard” will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - the type of heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The ones presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and structural features of heating systems will help in developing an individual project.
Open type system with natural circulation in a private house
First of all, it should be noted that open systems gravity type are considered most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in emergency cases associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, the heating will most likely remain sealed and operational. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power. Considering that wood-burning boilers are installed not in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without its drawbacks, the main ones being:
- free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal corrosion of pipes;
- the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
- uneven temperature of the thermal agent at the beginning and end of each circuit.
A layer of any mineral oil 1–2 cm thick, poured into the expansion tank, will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid.
Despite its shortcomings, the gravity scheme is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.
Installation diagram of a solid fuel unit in an open heating system
When deciding to install using this method, keep in mind that for normal coolant circulation, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m below the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal coolant circulation. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and during the design process try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. Proper work systems with natural coolant circulation also depend on the installation location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.
Closed system with natural circulation
Installation on the return line will avoid the harmful effects of oxygen and eliminate the need to control the coolant level.
Design of membrane expansion tank
When deciding to equip a gravity system with a sealed expansion tank, consider the following points:
- capacity membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
- a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
- the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.
Additional devices that are included in the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely equip units with such devices.
The safety valve allows the coolant to be discharged if the pressure in the system exceeds a critical value. A normal operating indicator is considered to be a pressure of 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is set to 3 atm.
You will learn more about this system in our next article:.
Features of systems with forced coolant movement
In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into the closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the level of installation of the boiler and compliance with slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the thermal agent will be ensured by gravitational forces.
Using a bypass will allow you to switch to natural way coolant circulation
The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet fitting. Thanks to the lower coolant temperature, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability.
Video: Tying a solid fuel boiler
Correct installation of a solid fuel boiler in a closed heating system
A huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that their installation does not require any permits. It is quite possible to carry out the installation yourself, especially since this does not require any special tool, no special knowledge. The main thing is to approach the work responsibly and follow the order of all stages.
Boiler room arrangement
The disadvantage of heating units used to burn wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in the kitchen or bathroom, however, periodic emissions of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this idea unsuitable for implementation. In addition, the installation of combustion equipment in living rooms It is also unsafe - the release of fumes can lead to tragedy.
A solid fuel boiler is best installed outside residential premises
When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are followed:
- the distance from the combustion door to the wall must be at least 1 m;
- ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance no higher than 50 cm from the floor and no lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
- There should be no fuel, lubricants or flammable substances and objects in the room;
- The base area in front of the ash pit is protected with a metal sheet measuring at least 0.5 x 0.7 m.
In addition, at the location where the boiler is installed, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is led outside. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in technical passport, so you don’t need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, you can deviate from the documentation requirements, but in any case, the channel for removing combustion products must provide excellent traction in any weather.
How to properly install a chimney
When installing a chimney, all connections and cracks are sealed with sealing materials, and windows are also provided for cleaning the channels from soot and a condensate catcher.
Preparing to install a heating unit
Before installing the boiler, select a piping scheme, calculate the length and diameter of the pipelines, the number of radiators, the type and quantity of additional equipment and shut-off and control valves.
Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing combined heating, which can provide natural coolant circulation. Therefore, when making calculations, it is necessary to consider how a parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and to provide for the slopes necessary for the operation of the gravity system. You shouldn’t give up on buffer capacity either. Of course, its installation will entail additional expenses. However, a storage tank of this type will be able to level out the temperature curve, and one load of fuel will last for a longer time.
Connecting the boiler to a heating system with a dual-purpose buffer tank
Particular comfort will be provided by a heat accumulator with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply. Considering the fact that due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the DHW circuit, an additional circulation pump is mounted on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to flow.
Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide space and not forget about devices designed to reduce pressure in the system in critical situations. Simple scheme a harness that can be used as a working project is shown in our drawing. It combines all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation.
You will learn even more information about the arrangement of the boiler room and installation of equipment from our article:.
Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator
After carrying out all the necessary calculations and preparing the equipment and materials, installation begins.
- Place in place, level and secure heating unit, after which a chimney is connected to it.
- Heating radiators are mounted, a heat accumulator and an expansion tank are installed.
- A supply pipeline and a bypass are installed, on which a centrifugal pump is installed. Ball valves are installed in both sections (direct and bypass) so that the coolant can be transported by forced or natural means.
We remind you that the centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in a horizontal plane. The manufacturer indicates diagrams of all possible installation options in the product instructions.
- The pressure line is connected to the heat accumulator. It must be said that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. Thanks to this, the amount of warm water in the container will not affect the readiness of the heating circuit. We definitely note the fact that cooling the boiler during the reboot period will reduce the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, transferring heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this shortcoming, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, you can stop the movement of coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire dies out.
Installing separate pumps on the boiler and heat exchange circuits can solve the problem of heat leakage through the boiler when it cools down
- A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.
- Connect the emergency circuit of the boiler or install shut-off and control valves, which, when the water boils, will open the main line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply.
- Install a return pipeline from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. A circulation pump, a three-way valve and a settling filter are installed in front of the boiler inlet pipe.
- An expansion tank is mounted separately on the return pipeline.
Note! On pipelines that are connected to protection devices, shut-off valves not installed. These areas should have as few connections as possible.
- The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to a three-way valve and the circulation pump of the heating circuit, after which the radiators are connected and the return pipeline is installed.
- After connecting the main circuits, they begin to install a hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into a buffer tank, then it will be enough to simply connect the input for cold water and exit to the “hot” line. When installing a separate indirect heating water heater, use a circuit with an additional circulation pump or three-way valve. In both cases, a check valve is installed at the cold water supply inlet. It will block the path for heated liquid into the “cold” water supply.
- Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the function of which is to reduce the flow area of the blower. Due to this, the air flow into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant is reduced. If the heating unit has this design, then install and adjust the drive of the air damper mechanism.
Installing an automatic draft regulator will allow you to control the fuel combustion process
Places for everyone threaded connections must be carefully sealed using plumbing flax and a special non-drying paste.
After installation is completed, coolant is poured into the system, turned on full power centrifugal pumps and carefully inspect all connections for leaks. After making sure that there are no leaks, fire up the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.
Features of integrating a solid fuel unit into an open heating system
The main feature of open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which occurs with the participation of an expansion tank. This container is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant that occurs when it is heated. The expander is installed at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank is overfilled, a drain tube is connected to its upper part, the other end of which is discharged into the sewer.
Open type expansion tank design
The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so you will need additional insulation expander and tubes suitable for it, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, you must remember that this element is part of the heating system, so it heat losses will lead to a decrease in temperature in the radiators.
Since the open system is not sealed, there is no need to install a safety valve or connect emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.
Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The last factor depends on turns, narrowings, level changes, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially impart the necessary potential energy to the water flow, a vertical riser is installed at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the coolant speed will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purposes, the return inlet should be located at the lowest point of the heating system.
Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use water rather than antifreeze. This is due to higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance upon contact with air. As for the water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain it. This will increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment several times.
Pay attention to the article on choosing coolants for heating systems:.
Video: Connecting a solid fuel boiler with your own hands
As you can see, the choice of boiler integration scheme depends on many factors, including the features of the heating system and the need to install additional equipment. If you have successfully understood all the nuances, then you can safely get to work. Finally, I would like to note that heating is one of the most complex and responsible engineering systems. If you are not sure about own strength, don't experiment. Remember that installation errors will sooner or later result in serious problems, so do not hesitate to ask specialists for advice.
The wiring diagram for boiler rooms for a private house with a heat accumulator and a standard solid fuel boiler is one of the most reliable and popular combinations. The construction of the diagram begins with the arrangement of the piping of the solid fuel boiler, as well as the placement of the buffer tank. This element is installed in order to obtain an additional natural circulation circuit. This creates an alternate path along which water will be directed in the event of an unplanned short-term power outage and a sudden stop of the pump.
Let's consider a circuit with natural circulation - gravitational. When drawing up a plan, we avoid bends and try to minimize the number of bends so as not to create unnecessary resistance. Based on the size of the pipes of the boiler used, we select the diameter of the pipes for the circuit. Standard option- no more than 1.5 inches.
The coolant circulates within the gravity circuit without the help of a pump due to the temperature difference created. In the event that due to a power outage or other reason, the circulation hot water will stop, the solid fuel boiler will boil. To avoid this dangerous situation an additional gravity circuit is used to prevent an accident in the event of a pump stop.
Sometimes the temperature of a solid fuel boiler increases and can exceed the limit of 100 degrees. For this reason, we tie the contour from metal pipes. We add a pump to the intended circuit. To do this, we are planning a workaround, where we install a safety leaf check valve on a dedicated section of the gravity circuit. We select a valve with minimal resistance. An adapter with standard resistance may interfere with coolant circulation.
In normal mode, the circulation pump creates pressure on the valve, keeping it closed. In this case, water circulates freely along the usual path. When the pump stops, the boiler continues to heat the water, but the built-in valve will work and will not allow water to flow through the main circle.
Adding hot water and adding valves
In order for the system to work, it is necessary to ensure automatic addition of hot water to the return line. This way we increase the temperature of the water entering the boiler. If too cold coolant gets into it, the boiler can quickly fail. There are several common piping schemes with the addition of a return line. We use a three-way thermostatic mixing valve. Installing this valve allows you to create a small circle of circulation of the coolant, as a result of which the heating of the boiler will accelerate. This approach prevents the formation of condensation, thereby protecting the heat exchanger from breakdowns due to significant temperature differences.
Let's imagine a simulated situation. We will set the built-in petal valve to activate when the temperature reaches 55 degrees. When the boiler starts, the water in the system is not heated and while it is cold, the valve closes and lets the medium flow in a small circle. After the supply water warmed up to a threshold value of 55 degrees, the valve opened slightly and began to mix in cooled water from the return. At the next stage, the entire barrel is heated, and the return temperature will also rise above 55 degrees. At this point, the valve will switch completely and release water through the large ring.
After connecting the return line to the solid fuel boiler, we add a pressure relief valve. It is necessary in case of exceeding performance indicators. The solid fuel boiler has a special hole for mounting the valve. In other models, the valve can be installed through a tee. We include an expansion tank in the system. After this, to complete the piping on the heat generator side, it is necessary to connect the electric boiler. It is included in the circuit in parallel with an already installed solid fuel boiler.
We have two feeds, and check valves need to be installed on each of them. This is done so that the pump of one of the boilers does not pump water along the working circuit in the opposite direction to the other. Let us remind you that on a solid fuel boiler we use not a regular valve, but a reed valve.
Connecting a solid fuel boiler and buffer tank
The simplest would be a piping scheme containing a buffer tank with a pre-installed DHW coil. The advantage of this option will be significant space saving in the boiler room due to the absence of a separate boiler. Another additional benefit is the modest savings on investment due to the absence of the need to purchase and install another unit. This option simplifies the system maintenance process, since there will be no problems fighting bacteria.
In summer, a heat accumulator with a DHW coil becomes a full-fledged indirect heating boiler. The pump is connected to the circuit with a standard inch pipe; a ¾ or inch pipe is well suited for an electric boiler. If you plan to install a buffer tank with a volume of at least 1000 liters, then it is more economical and expedient to raise the return from the electric boiler a little and connect the main circuit not from below, but above, to the middle terminals of the heat accumulator. With this scheme, the boiler will not constantly heat the entire volume, which will reduce its depreciation rate. This parameter depends on the terms of reference.
If you need to connect not a solid fuel boiler, but a gas boiler, then the same circuit diagram is used as for an electric one. It should be noted that in the scheme we are considering, a standard electric boiler already contains everything necessary:
- pump;
- pressure meter;
- safety valve.
If you choose a model that does not have these parts, the boiler will have to be tied accordingly.
Connection to the heating system
We connect the prepared circuit directly to the heating system. From a safety point of view, it must be remembered that a solid fuel boiler can produce an excessively high temperature at certain moments. The storage barrel can contain water at a temperature of 90-100 degrees. This is too much for standard home heating radiators. You can get seriously burned if accidentally touched. For this reason, it is necessary to add another mixing valve to the circuit. He will mix cooled water into the circuit.
If the house has heated floors, it is possible to connect them to the radiator circuit for return flow. Another pump will need to be installed. The connection will go to the mixing unit. Due to the high temperature, water is not drawn directly from the heated heat exchanger, but through a safety mixing valve. This part is installed so that when working with the system and checking it, you do not get scalded by hot steam.
At the next stage, we connect the coolant recirculation line in the system through a special pump. We arrange check valves in the circuit in accordance with the diagram. With this complete set of functional elements, let's move on to the fittings.
Another filter needs to be installed in front of the boilers. Then we install additional automatic air vents at the highest points of the system. Next, we ensure that the system is drained and filled. To do this, we arrange the ball valves so that in the future we can carry out technical inspection and repair of equipment without draining the coolant from the circuit. Cranes are needed for:
- expansion tank;
- boilers;
- pump
In cases where boilers do not have standard thermometers, they are installed additionally. You will also need two control thermometers located on the buffer tank. They will make it easier to monitor the operation of the system and set it up.
Insulation of fittings
Let's consider the issue of the need to insulate the fittings. Long pipe lengths, many fittings and high operating temperatures in the system lead to heat loss. At finished facilities, heating equipment that is not properly insulated overheats the surrounding space. In the room where the boiler and heat accumulator are installed, the temperature can reach plus 27 degrees in severe frost. Fuel is wasted and system efficiency decreases. After insulating the pipes, it is possible to gain a few degrees and reduce fuel consumption.
When insulating the fittings, you must remember that when working from the side of the boilers, the pipes become very hot, since they can transport water hotter than 100 degrees. Polyethylene foam insulation is not suitable in this case. It can only be installed in another part of the circuit on the side of the radiators of the heating system. In a boiler room, it is better to put rubber insulation that is more resistant to heat on hot pipes. It is also worth additionally insulating fittings and other fittings.
For safety reasons, it is not recommended to insulate pumps. This equipment is limited to exceed ambient temperature limits. If you insulate the pumps from the boiler side, you can insulate them too much, and this is unacceptable.
Connection diagram with boiler
Let's consider another wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler, in which in addition to the heat accumulator there is a boiler. We will not redo the boiler part, we will leave it unchanged. Similar to the previous diagram, we will connect the entire heating system. Only the indirect heating boiler added to the planned circuit will be new. Inside the model we have chosen there is a coil through which the heated coolant passes. Thanks to this, the water is heated directly and pumped using a special pump. Based on the experience of previously used circuits, I recommend using the terminals connected to the boiler away from those connected to the boiler itself and heating radiators.
Another expansion tank must be installed at the outlet of prepared hot water from the boiler. After this, we install a petal safety valve at the entrance to the cold water system. According to this scheme, it is permissible to supply hot water directly to the bathrooms without additional inserts. The pipes will not be too hot - the boiler automatically controls the temperature of the coolant inside itself.
It may be useful to put additional mixer at the outlet, since in the boiler it is periodically required to do preventive disinfection internal cavity high temperature. When the system heats up, there is a possibility of being scalded by steam if at that moment someone opens the hot water. In addition, the mixer will allow you to leave an increased supply of hot water in the boiler. To do this, the electric boiler must be connected to the boiler, but the circuit will be built directly according to a different scheme.
The recirculation line in the boiler is connected through a special additional output. We connect the fittings to the circuit according to the diagram discussed above. Please note that in the diagrams provided, only the hydraulic part is disassembled in detail, without installing insulation.
Reading time: 5 min
The correct piping of a solid fuel boiler affects the efficiency of its operation and service life. Therefore, when choosing the optimal scheme, it is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances and features. In this case, the equipment will work efficiently and for a long time.
All wiring diagrams for solid fuel boilers
There are a large number of boiler connection diagrams that are suitable for different conditions use. For each dwelling is developed individual project, which indicates the important positions of systems taking into account regulated requirements.
Closed system
If you want to organize an affordable but reliable piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a boiler, a closed option may be the most suitable. It operates due to the difference in the densities of cold and hot coolant and has the following advantages:
- Simplicity and accessibility of circuit installation.
- No difficulties in self-service.
- Long term services.
- Protection of pipes from corrosive processes.
Disadvantages include the inability to monitor temperature and a decrease in efficiency indicators due to the natural circulation of the coolant.
Scheme with closed system
Closed circuit tying a solid fuel boiler with a battery tank prevents the negative effects of oxygen and deprives the owners of the building of the need to constantly monitor the volume of water. When arranging such a system, you should adhere to the following rules:
- The tank must contain at least 10% of the coolant volume.
- A safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe.
- The highest point of the equipment is equipped with an air vent.
Elements from the safety group, which include an air vent and valve, are purchased additionally - only flagship boilers have them in the basic set. The task of the safety valve is to discharge the coolant when the pressure exceeds the permissible level. The normal value is 1.5-2 atm. The emergency valve is activated when the level of 3 atm is reached.
The solid fuel boiler is also being wired and a pump is installed. This option is characterized by high heat transfer to the liquid, which increases efficiency values and makes the system energy efficient. Energy consumption for heating the liquid is reduced, and the need to install pipes large diameter is excluded, since hydraulic resistance is overcome due to the operation of the pump. As it heats up, the coolant does not evaporate, because it is contained in a sealed membrane. The closed version of the piping protects the equipment from corrosion and increases its service life.
The disadvantages include the system's dependence on the source of electricity and the high cost of installation. However, it will not be possible to carry out the installation work yourself.
Open system with natural circulation
Installation of long-burning boilers (LBC) with open. The strapping scheme is in particular demand. This is explained by the fact that even with sudden changes in temperature or pressure, the equipment continues to operate without loss of tightness. At the same time, the operating efficiency does not depend on the power supply, since solid fuel material is immersed in the boiler.
The disadvantages of an open connection scheme for a solid fuel boiler include:
- Penetration of air into pipes, which contributes to the development of corrosion on them inner surface. To protect the system from negative impact oxygen, mineral oil is placed in the expansion tank.
- Rapid evaporation of the coolant, so its supply must be constantly replenished.
- Uneven temperature distribution at different points of the circuit.
But despite a number of disadvantages, the open installation scheme of a wood-burning or pellet boiler is popular. This is justified by the simplicity of its arrangement and affordable cost.
The scheme provides for the following elements:
- Thermometers. In addition to the sensors built-in by the manufacturer, additional ones need to be installed on the processing and supply pipes.
- Check valve.
- Expansion tank.
When tying with polypropylene, you need to place the pipe inlet 0.5 m below the location of the radiators to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The forward (supply) and return pipes are fixed at a certain angle. It is still necessary to carry out some calculations to assess the hydrodynamic resistance on all sides, and also try to reduce the number of reinforced elements.
Efficient and uninterrupted operation of the equipment depends on the installation location of the expansion tank - it is placed at the highest point of the heating circuit.
Forced circulation system
When tying a Stropuva boiler or any other model, it is necessary to consider the option of a scheme with forced water circulation. It involves installation pumping equipment on the supply or return pipeline, due to which the intensity of fluid movement increases. So, with natural circulation, the speed is only 0.1-0.3 m/s, and with a pump - 0.7-1 m/s, which contributes to many advantages:
- Possibility of reducing pipe diameter.
- Reduced warm-up time for radiators, lack of inertia.
- Convenient options for laying pipes, large lengths of pipelines, subject to compliance optimal pressure.
- Minimal slopes of the routes, since the movement is carried out due to the operation of the pump.
- Possibility of installing an expansion tank in the boiler room.
There are other advantages, including the ability to interact with a heated floor system. Disadvantages include energy dependence, because... the pump operates on the basis electrical energy.
To protect equipment from shutdown or explosion, it is necessary to arrange a safety group, which includes safety valves, uninterruptible power supplies and generators.
More to the cons coercive schemes include periodic noise. But such disadvantages are covered by a wide selection of heating schemes, which include:
- Single-pipe option.
- Double-circuit (Tichelman system).
- Collector.
- Warm floor.
Piping a boiler with a three-way valve: procedure and diagram.
Since solid fuel boilers do not operate continuously, but periodically, they are constantly exposed to moisture in the form of condensation, which leads to corrosion processes. The cooled water from the return flow is transferred to the heat exchanger and settles on its walls. To prevent Negative consequences, a three-way valve can be used.
This is a regular adjustable valve with 2 inputs and 1 output. Receiving the appropriate signal, the valve opens the supply channel and eliminates the appearance of a dew point. When the system starts, the circulation of coolant in a small circle is suspended.
Three-way valves can also be used to change the temperature of the coolant that is sent to the consumer. In this case, the equipment is configured to work in the opposite direction, when the cold coolant from the return pipe moves to the supply pipe.
A system with a three-way valve ensures effective heating of the liquid in the boiler in case of inoperability or planned shutdown of radiators. When the temperature rises to required values the valve comes into operation again and returns the coolant to the heating system. If the boiler is used daily and year-round, this piping option will be highly effective.
Circuit with buffer capacitance
Due to poor controllability of boilers, owners need to constantly monitor fuel volumes and draft intensity, which causes a number of problems when using them. To load more firewood and not worry about the risk of the coolant boiling, you can install a buffer tank (heat accumulator).
The buffer is a sealed reservoir that separates the unit from the users. Due to its large volume, the container can collect excess thermal energy and move it directly to the radiators. To regulate the temperature, a mixing unit operating on the basis of a three-way valve is used.
Boiler connection
Tying the boiler with polypropylene with an indirect heating boiler is suitable for different types of heating systems. To implement such a scheme, a Maybes boiler (or any other) is connected to heating and hot water systems, and a coil is placed in the water heater to effectively supply coolant to the main line.
After passing through heating circuit the hot coolant transfers thermal potential to water. In some cases, the tank is equipped with heating elements that allow access to hot water during the warm season.
When installing a solid fuel boiler with your own hands, you must adhere to the following instructions:
- Prepare the installation site for the boiler.
- Organize the wiring by marking the sources of hot and cold liquids with appropriate colors.
- Fix the tee and relief valve, carefully covering all gaps with sealant.
- Turn on the water taps.
- Connect the equipment to the power supply and secure the thermostat with automation.
- Select heating mode.
- Check the system for functionality.
Subject to general advice installation work will be unmistakable.
Collector circuit
If the boiler is equipped with several parallel branches with radiator equipment, a heated floor system and other devices, it will be necessary to balance the circuits. Otherwise, the fluid will move along the path of least resistance. To implement it, it is necessary to use special distribution devices with 1 input and several outputs - collectors.
The use of these parts expands the possibilities for connecting circulation equipment and allows the supply of a thermal agent at the same temperature. The disadvantage of such a harness is considered to be more complex design and high cost of equipment.
Sometimes the boiler is tied with a hydraulic arrow, which becomes an intermediary between the heating boiler and the owners of the premises. The hydraulic structure is placed vertically and connected to the inlet and discharge pipes. In this case, the insertion is performed at any height.
Connection diagram of a heat accumulator to a solid fuel boiler
Among the large number of connection diagrams, the option of installing a heat accumulator for a TT boiler is in great demand.
Using this method, you can reduce heating costs and reduce voltage during peak loads. In order for the system to work for a long time and efficiently, it is important to choose the right equipment, guided by personal requirements and regulations.
It is also necessary to draw up a harness project, which will indicate the basic locations of the working units.
How to reduce the cost of harness
To reduce the cost of piping, you can use a three-way valve with a simplified design, which does not require connecting an overhead temperature sensor and a thermal head. It has thermostatic element, which is set to an operating mode with a fixed value of +55...+60°C.
The use of such a part makes it possible to reduce the cost of piping a TT boiler, but deprives consumers of the ability to adjust the temperature using a thermal head.
You can also connect 2 units that run on different fuels:
- Wood or natural gas.
- Due to electricity.
Connecting a buffer tank with copper or polypropylene pipes(experts recommend choosing options with copper) allows you to simultaneously service different systems in the house: radiators, heated floors, boiler. However, this option requires large investments and is rarely used.
