Calculation of materials for stairs online. Calculation, design and optimal dimensions of the stairs to the second floor: how to do it yourself, what to pay attention to

New construction, as well as renovations, are perhaps the biggest headache for our compatriots. Building a house or renovating an apartment requires very serious material and physical costs. Also, often a person who is faced with repairs tries to do everything in his power with his own hands.

In most cases, it turns out that almost everything construction works Even a non-specialist in one field or another can do it. This also applies to such a task as, which is especially important for private housing construction. Before you run to the construction hypermarket or market, spend a little time doing math. First you will need to calculate structural elements stairs, and only then go for materials for the structure. , width and length of the structure - all this needs to be carefully considered.

In this article we will tell you how to make the right one, in accordance with design standards, safety and, of course, common sense. Thanks to this article, you will be able to make calculations and build a staircase in a private house using any materials with your own hands.

Thanks to our resource, you have already been able to familiarize yourself with the types of staircase designs and the main building materials used for their manufacture. In a residential building, the most common are staircases made of wood, less often - metal or reinforced concrete structures. Before you begin the element-by-element design of a staircase with your own hands, you need to estimate the length of the flight of stairs, select the material and calculate the load-bearing capacity of the staircase frame.

For determining bearing capacity It is customary to divide the entire structure into separate beams - necessarily statically determinable. Depending on the type of pinching of the flight of stairs - rigid on both sides, hinged, and maybe even cantilevered - a formula is selected to determine the main force factors. What is especially important to consider when calculating a structure with your own hands? Walking and running up stairs is a unique type of dynamic impact, even if it is minor. That's why bearing structures stairs must have sufficient rigidity to ensure a deflection of no more than 1/400 of the span. The total load (permanent + temporary) on flights of stairs and landings of a residential building should be no more than 300 kg/m2.

Let's get acquainted with the standards for calculating steps

It has been scientifically confirmed that the energy consumption for covering a horizontal distance is less than the energy consumption for climbing inclined surface. Thanks to this, a staircase formula has been practically established that will be as comfortable and safe as possible for use: the size of the tread and the double height of the riser in total should give the average step of an adult. The projection of a human step is considered to be on average 600 – 640 mm. Then, designating the height of the riser with the letter a, the width of the tread with the letter b, the formula will look like: 2a + b = 600-640 (mm). Alternative method calculating the size of steps

These parameters can be calculated even more in a simple way: a + b = 450 (mm). This value can be adjusted by 20 mm on the larger or smaller side. Following these recommendations, we can conclude that the step must provide a comfortable step when the foot rests on the tread with its entire plane. Therefore, the width for the tread is set in the range of 200-320 mm. Most often, the tread is taken to be 300 mm, and the riser height is set to 150 mm. These geometric dimensions ensure that you will be able to move comfortably along the stairs without danger to your health.

Idea! By making the tread hinged, you can increase its width. Note that the length of overhang over the step below is taken within 50 mm for reinforced concrete or 30 mm for wooden stairs.

Determining the safe and comfortable slope of the stairs

Speaking about the comfort conditions of movement around metal stairs or according to a design made of another material, it should be noted that both the size of the steps and the angle of inclination of its canvas to the horizontal surface are important. It is believed that the greatest operational reliability and convenience are characterized by designs that have an inclination angle of 23-37 degrees.

Stairs with a steeper slope take up more space in the room, while steep ones, on the contrary, save space. But, from the point of view of rationality, neither one nor the other is of practical value. When the angle of inclination is less than 23 degrees, you can get by with a regular ramp. On the contrary, if the angle of inclination exceeds 45 degrees, then it is more logical to use stepladders. When the angle of inclination is more than 40-45 degrees, you need to go down the stairs backwards, otherwise it will simply be unsafe.

The angle of inclination together with the height of the floor determines the number of steps in one flight. If you have decided where the stairs will be located in the plan, measured the height of the floor, you can calculate the number of steps with your own hands graphically. Then, using formulas, the size of the tread is checked for safety.

Advice! To construct an accurate section of the stairs, it is best to use graph paper: on convenient checkered paper, it will be easiest to correctly calculate the stairs in a private house with your own hands.

If we conduct another small educational program, we should talk a little about the interdependence of the geometry of the stairs and the height of the floors. Height is the difference between the level (mark) of the finished floor of the lower floor and the upper one. Thus, when you calculate the height of the floor yourself, do not forget to include the thickness of the finishing (screed, ceramic tiles, parquet or linoleum, etc.). In the design of private housing, the most common floor height is considered to be 2.8 or 3.0 m, as well as 2.7 or 3.3 m (the main thing: more than 2.4 m and a multiple of 300 mm). With the specified heights, you can easily place the stairs in your living space, and the accepted dimensions of the steps will meet safety standards.

Lifehack for adjusting and calculating the dimensions of the stairs

So, as we have already noted, every step on the stairs, which have steps of different heights, is fraught with the danger of injury, especially at night. Therefore, in order to calculate how to level the height of steps with your own hands in housing with non-standard floor heights, it is recommended to lower the level of the finished floor of the landing above in relation to the floor of the entire floor. This difference should not be made straight (in the form of a threshold), but rather a small ramp should be organized. The angle of inclination of the ramp will be slight, so it will not cause discomfort when walking. There is another simple way to determine the size of steps - graphically. You can determine the width and height of each step using a simple graph. If you consider that it is convenient for a person to take a step equal to 620 mm on a plane, you will also understand that he is only capable of raising his leg to half the specified height - 310 mm. By marking the horizontal axis with a step of 620 mm, and on the vertical axis with a step of 310 mm, and indicating the angle of inclination of the stairs, you will receive intersection points that will correspond to the optimal parameters. Whatever the material of the stairs (metal or wood, glass or concrete), this technique is valid and applicable only for marching structures. You can also use one of the many staircase calculation services

Do you want to build a two-story house, but are you afraid that designing and calculating the stairs is too complicated and it’s impossible to do it yourself? There are several ways to calculate design parameters. Using one of the methods, this is simple and easy:

manual;
online programs for designing stairs;
engineering software.

For safe and comfortable movement along the stairs, the design parameters must be correctly designed and calculated.

To install a safe and convenient design, use regulations and GOST of the Russian Federation.

What parameters are calculated when designing marches

For a complete calculation of the stairs, we proceed from the existing, original dimensions and values that should be calculated. The initial ones include the height of the room and the height of up to the 2nd floor, the width of the stairs, and the height of the railings. Calculations are subject to:

tilt angle;
height, width, thickness;
length of marches;
stride length;
stringer width;
number of steps;
number of rotary steps when turning 90˚ or 180˚.

Exist Various types staircases for a private house, each of them has its own calculation. Marches are distinguished by material, supporting element and design. Depending on the material used to make the stairs, there are:

wooden;
metal;
reinforced concrete;
glass.

Tilt angle

The slope angle should be such that it is convenient to move along the flight of stairs. Too much inclination will make the movement difficult - the person needs to lift his leg high. Too small will result in shallow steps. The larger the angle, the less space occupied by the structure, but the more difficult it is to climb it. Optimal inclination stairs within 30˚ – 45˚. Marches with an angle exceeding 45˚ are installed in places where stairs are rarely used. These are folding and attached options.

To calculate the slope, you need to know the step size. The model is considered safe and comfortable if the average step of a person is equal to the sum of double the height and its width (tread).

where x is the height of the step,

y – tread width,

z – step width.

The step size of an adult is 60 - 64 cm, minor deviations from this figure are allowed.

Tread width (depth)

Before calculating the stairs to the second floor, you should determine the depth of the tread. This is one of the basic values. The width should ensure a safe position for the foot while moving. If the value is small, the leg will slide down, which is dangerous due to falling; if it is large, it will fall through. In any case, walking will be uncomfortable. The optimal step size ranges from 20 to 32 cm. When designing stairs, thinness is used, which makes it possible to save material. This is the overhang of the steps above the lower surface. For wooden stairs, the overhang is no more than 3 cm, for reinforced concrete – 5 cm.

Step height

The width of the handrails is 10 cm, which is considered sufficient to sit comfortably on a horizontal surface and to secure the hand well.

Example of staircase calculation

For example, calculation of a straight staircase.

The step is calculated according to the formula:

where x is the height of the step,

y – tread width,

z – step width.

If the height of the step is 15 cm, the width of the tread is 28 cm, we get

2X 15 + 25 = 58 cm.

This step is close to the standard, so you can install steps with these parameters. If we increase the tread length to a comfortable 30 cm, we get the optimal step - 60 cm.

We calculate the number of steps using the formula:

where a is the span length,

c – height of steps,

с – number of steps.

If the initial flight length is 2.5 m and the riser height is 15 cm, we get:

Round up to 17.

As a result, we got a staircase with a flight length of 2.5 m, a step height of 15 cm, a tread depth of 30 cm and 17 steps.

Calculators for calculating stairs

Calculators are called staircase design programs that allow you to independently calculate design parameters. All programs make calculations using similar formulas. The only difference is the way the result is displayed and the site interface. To calculate the dimensions, you must enter the initial data:

type of staircase - straight, U-shaped, L-shaped, spiral;
height and length of the march;
number of steps;
room height;
distance from floor to floor;
material (wood, metal, reinforced concrete).

Some sites contain detailed instructions on how to install the program and how to use it. The consumer is offered not only calculations, but also drawings and 3D images of structures. Design video wooden model link:

Some versions of the calculators request information about the color of the material, the direction of rotation, and the option of finishing the treads. After entering the initial data, you receive information about the consumption of materials, a drawing or a 3D image of the structure. Online calculator at the link

Design

Just like for calculations, a program for designing stairs can provide assistance in this matter. The project takes into account:

the material from which the structure will be made;
type - marching (straight, rotary), screw;
bolted();
load on the march and railings;
dimensions of the room (height of the first floor, dimensions of the stairwell on the second level, length and width of the site).

Based on the data analysis, the type of staircase design is selected. The best option is a single-flight straight staircase. It is most convenient to use, easy to install, and safe. For clarity, make a drawing or sketch of the structure. When designing, optimal values are taken into account safe stairs:

The minimum distance from the landing to the ceiling should not be less than 180 cm. Otherwise, a person will reach the upper level with his head.
The minimum width of the stairs is 80 cm, otherwise it is difficult for 2 people to pass each other on it.
The thickness of the boards should be between 35 - 50 mm.
For convenience, the march has an odd number of steps.
How longer length march, the stronger the fastenings should be.
The load on the span should not be more than 220 kg, for railings the limit is 100 kg.
All steps, except the winder ones, must be the same size (width, height).
The shape of the handrails should be comfortable for the hand.
When designing a bolted structure, side beams are not taken into account. The march is held on by something fixed in the wall.
For spiral staircases to the second floor, the direction of movement is planned - with a turn to the left or to the right.
Width turntable should be the same as the width of the march.
Choose a load-bearing element - a bowstring or stringer.

The simplest design option is . They hold marches well. The materials for the bowstring are wood and metal. The advantages of wood are ease of use and accessibility. When installing, you don’t have to make a riser, which saves material. Disadvantages - over time, the wood dries out, it is difficult to attach it to the floor and in ceilings.

Models with stringers are more difficult to install, but look better. The length of the straight march stringer is calculated by the formula:

К= √(Н²+ Д²),

where K is the length of the stringer,

H – height,

D – length of the stairs.

Using programs for designing and calculating stairs, you can calculate design parameters for a private house. Regardless of the type of structure, the main operating conditions must be met - safety and comfort during movement.

In order to make your home as comfortable as possible, you need not only to hire builders, but also to delve into engineering calculations yourself. Main modular design Houses - . It is this that gives the interior that unique luxury that many people dream of. You can arrange flights of stairs and install steps in different ways. Online calculation of stairs will help you design the optimal structure and calculate material consumption.

Various types of staircase designs: photo gallery

There are a lot of options for placement and execution of stairs. You can easily select interesting design, which will make the interior individual and unique.

Wooden structures with a platform significantly save space:

Screw structures can become a real interior decoration:

It may also be a good choice for staircase structures:

Metal structures have increased strength and reliability. They can be combined with both wood and glass:

Designs from can become the central link of the hall:

It is important when planning the design of stairs to take into account the age of the residents. If there are small children, the main criterion is safety both in the structure of the steps and. It will be difficult for older people to get used to the screw design; the slope should be less steep.

Related article:

How to create comfortable and stylish ones yourself - read our publication. You will learn not only possible options designs and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as design styles and secrets self-installation stairs.

Determination of basic technical parameters for online calculation of stairs

Building a staircase is not a designer’s flight of fancy. Certain standards for optimal ratios have been developed, permissible load, compliance with which is important primarily for the safety and comfortable movement of others. Small deviations are allowed within acceptable limits, otherwise the design will simply become dangerous for people.

lifting height (risers);
tread (step) width;
slope of the stairs.

A slope angle of more than 45° is considered steep; this design is not suitable for every family or for daily use. However, if the layout or area of the house does not allow the installation of another structure, you need to consider reliable railings to make walking up the stairs easier.

This is interesting! The slope of a staircase is the ratio of the height of the rise to the width of the step. The wider the step, the less steep the flight of stairs will be.

In addition to the main parameters, the design of the staircase is also influenced by:

length of flight of stairs;
dimensions of the staircase opening;
distance between finished floor marks of the 1st and 2nd floors;
number of steps. Regulatory documents defined from 3 to 18 units.

Deviation from standard or acceptable parameters will cause best case scenario discomfort when moving. At worst, it can provoke a number of diseases.

Main types of staircase structures

Stairs indoors can be made in the following variations:

flight of stairs;
screw;
combined option.

The choice depends on the area and layout of the premises. It is important what role it will play in the interior of the house; the feasibility of installing a particular model depends on this.

Let's take a closer look at each design.

Flight of stairs

This design has increased reliability and ease of execution. Depending on the height of the room and the width of the steps, you can install one or more flights. The number of steps in each should not exceed 16.

Flights of stairs can be classified according to the following criteria:

According to installation form	straight
	with a platform between marches
	rotary
By location	L-shaped
	U-shaped
	T-shaped
By mounting method	mounted
	monolithic
	on the bowstrings
	on a frame
	on stringers
	combined

Screw

It involves installing steps in a spiral around the main axis. This design can be installed in order to save usable area. It will not take up more than 1 m². The main feature of a spiral staircase is the ability to be installed almost anywhere in the room. The structures consist of steps, supports, balusters and railings.

With its installation, the interior is transformed with a completely unique design. She may look absolutely weightless. For example, glass steps with wooden railings and aluminum balusters. You can choose the material to suit any style direction of the room.

Combined

An arched staircase is usually called combined. It combines elements of a screw design with a flight of stairs. To install it, you need to allocate some area. Elements can be made in the form of straight sections, in the shape of an ellipse, circle or semicircle.

The main materials used for the manufacture of stairs and the nuances of their calculation

The material from which the staircase will be made must fit into the interior and meet all safety requirements. When choosing it, you need to pay attention to the origin and environmental friendliness, and check the material’s certificates for compliance with quality standards.

Most often used:

wooden structures;
metal stairs;
glass;
plastic elements.

The design may include combined design options. For classic interiors or ethno-style will suit, in gothic style Forging would look appropriate. IN modern directions You can use nickel-plated or galvanized steel in combination with aluminum or glass.

Calculation of wooden stairs

The base of the structure is subject to greater load, so hard types of wood are suitable for it. For fencing elements, you can choose a material of medium hardness or soft varieties; it is easier to process.

To calculate a wooden staircase, you will need the following parameters:

Room height (from finished floor to ceiling);
opening length (the horizontal projection of the length from the edge of the opening to the first tread is measured);
number of steps;
the width of an average person's step;
width of the flight of stairs, optimal size taking into account railings and handrails – 100 cm;
step depth;
step height (underwall);
the height of the fence, including the railings, should be about 100 cm;
thickness of the approach - this parameter depends on the type of tree.

One of the main calculation parameters is the thickness of the stringer, which takes the main load. steps in wooden structure can be done with or without a protrusion. It just depends on personal preference.

Calculation of metal stairs

The metal staircase structure is made of channel, corrugated metal steps, steel “fillies” and brackets. The elements are secured by welding. The elements are calculated according to general formula taking into account comfortable ascent and descent.

In addition, for a metal structure it is necessary to calculate the strength and rigidity parameters:

Useful standard load per 1 sq. m of stairs is considered 300 kg. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the overload factor equal to 1.4;
When calculating the load on the railing, an overload factor of 1.3 k should be taken into account standard parameter from 50 to 100 kg 1 linear meter.

When calculating a flight of stairs, the distance between opposite walls is taken into account. They must be planned 20 centimeters larger than the width of the march.

Determining the required geometric dimensions of the stairs

Before starting structural calculations, it is important to take into account the geometric parameters of the room:

distance from the floor level of the 1st and 2nd floors;
design features of the location of the walls;
installation locations for doors and windows;
area of premises;

It may be necessary to make changes to the installation features when performing calculations. repair work premises.

Calculating the size of staircase steps in a private house using an online calculator

First of all, it is necessary to calculate the steps of the stairs so that their height is the same. The width of the flight of stairs should not differ from the width of the landing. The length of the march should be within 1.5÷3 m.

The size of the step depends on the length of the flight of stairs and the number of steps. When calculating the width, the total throughput, while the standard is 0.7 m per person;
The height of the steps is also calculated taking into account comfortable ascent and descent. Optimal height– 12÷20 cm;
The depth of the step depends on the size of the person’s foot. Parameters from 28 to 30 cm are considered standard;
To calculate the number of steps, you need to divide the height of the stairs by the height of the step, which should be selected from the table, taking into account the comfortable angle of inclination of the structure. If the parameter does not turn out to be even, adjustment should be made at the size of the first step.

It is generally accepted that the width of two steps plus the height of the step should be within 60÷64 cm. These are the most comfortable dimensions of staircase steps for ascent and descent. When planning a structure with marches located in the opposite direction, it is necessary to leave an opening of at least 50 cm between them.

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A comfortable angle of inclination depends on the height and width of the staircase steps. It is calculated in such a way that when walking a person moves forward proportionally. An angle within 23÷37° is considered comfortable.

It is important! The smaller the angle of inclination, the more area will be required to accommodate the structure. However, increasing the angle will cause discomfort when climbing to the second floor.

Online calculator for calculating stairs: drawings and diagrams

To calculate the stairs to the second floor, you can use an online calculator or resort to the simple formula of the French architect Francois Blondel. The width of the human step, which we mentioned earlier, is taken as the basis.

S = A + 2 × H or add two step widths to the tread height.

Required security settings:

A + H = 46 cm;

convenience formula:

A – H = 12 cm.

Thanks to these magic formulas, you can calculate the parameters of the safest staircase. Before starting the calculations, we suggest watching a video that describes in detail the main errors in the design of staircase structures.

With winder steps rotated 90°

The design with winder steps allows you to save space while maintaining functionality. Optimal quantity rotating elements - 3 for an opening width of 80 cm. A larger number of steps will be narrow and inconvenient. For wide structures, installation of a larger number of winder steps is allowed.

It is important! If the rotating element is installed at the top of the flight, the height of the area must be taken into account in order to avoid head injuries. The optimal height is 2 meters.

The calculation is carried out taking into account the step of the average person 60÷64 cm. The sum of the width of two steps and one height should be within these limits. The calculation can be performed using an online staircase calculator, in which you need to indicate the initial data.

Related article:

Is one of the most popular options. Is it possible to make such a design yourself, what types of stairs are there? Read in our publication.

Online calculator for calculating stairs with a 180° rotation

When calculating a 180° rotation, the following factors must be considered:

the width of the winder step at the narrowest point should not be less than 14 cm, at the widest point - 40 cm;
radius of rotation of the structure – 30 cm;
there should be no height differences, all step heights should be the same for comfortable movement;

Winder steps can be started from a straight section. Using a special program, you can calculate the stairs online and select the optimal parameters for the steps.

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Calculation of straight stairs using an online calculator

Fastening straight marches is most often performed on stringers. This is an inclined beam that serves as a support for the stairs. The steps are overlapped and secured on top, as opposed to string installation. Stringers can be straight, broken or screw.

Straight stringers are used to fasten flights of stairs in one flight with a central or side location. The stringer takes on the entire main load. Therefore from correct calculation depends on its safe operation, durability and stability of the entire structure. Most often, a stringer made of wood or metal is used.

For calculation wooden element it is necessary to determine the distance between the finished floor marks of the 1st and 2nd floors and the length of the flight of stairs, which is determined by multiplying the number of steps by the width of the tread. If the last step is performed at the 2nd floor level, it should be excluded from the calculation.

Formula for calculating the length of a flight of stairs:

C = √ ( H ² + L ² ),

In other words, the size of the stringer is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the height of the room and the length of the flight. The element can be calculated using an online calculator. It is enough to put the required parameters in the cells.

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Double-flight model on stringers with a 180° rotation

This design can be done in two versions.

Flights of stairs are united by a platform, the width of which is equal to the sum of the width of the flight and the partition between the structures. The length of the platform is at least ½ its width;
design with winder steps, with the platform being replaced by several trapezoidal steps.

Three-flight model on stringers with a 180° rotation

A three-flight flight with a 180° turn is performed on two platforms.

If the slope is quite large, you can perform marches with two platforms and a 180° turn. In addition, this will save usable space.

The calculation program will select the best option, you can play with the calculations and the number of steps on each flight. It is important to consider that the width of the platform should be similar to the width of the opening.

You should know this! Professionals advise making the number of steps odd, so that the beginning and end of the ascent or descent on each march is always performed from the supporting leg.

The minimum number of steps in one flight must be at least three. The height of the railing or fence should vary between 90÷110 cm.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The design of the spiral staircase is made in such a way that the width of the steps decreases towards the center. The wide side is attached to the balusters or walls, the narrow side is attached to the central post. For such a design, the optimal maximum width should be 40 cm, in the center - 27÷28 cm.

For comfortable movement of a person, it is necessary to plan the width of the span on each side - 50÷100 cm, or a distance of 100-200 cm should be allocated for the entire structure.

To calculate the spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you will need the following parameters:

installation location of the central support;
span width (distance between central and side supports);
the shape of the steps (you need to calculate the optimal length, taking into account the width on one side of more than 40 cm, the narrow edge should not be less than 20 cm);
to reduce the angle of elevation, it is recommended to reduce the height of the steps;
the distance between the turns of the spiral must be at least 2 diameters of the structure.

The central axis of a spiral staircase can be made in the form of a prefabricated column on which steps and intermediate structural elements are suspended.

Calculation of a straight staircase on bowstrings

The difference between the design on stringers and stringers is in the fastening of the steps to load-bearing beam. They fit into special cutouts (grooves) from the inside. Externally, the staircase structure looks like a single whole.

Standard bowstring dimensions for a 90 cm wide span:

width – 300 cm (minimum 275 cm). The distance of the string above and below the step should be more than 50 mm;
thickness – 40 mm (minimum);
groove depth – from 20 to 30 mm.

The main parameters of the bowstring are the distance between the grooves and the width of the groove.

When calculating the steps of the stairs online, the top one does not need to be taken into account, since it will be performed at the level of the 2nd floor.

It is important to determine how the steps will be attached to the string. This can be done in an open groove without a support beam or in a closed way with a reference line.

You can also install the steps on support mounts or metal corners. But this method similar to the calculation with a support beam.

The design calculation is performed using a general formula, taking into account the step size of an average person.

You should know this! The safe operation of the staircase structure depends on the depth of the string.

Programs for calculating stairs

Special programs have been developed for calculating stair elements. They can be easily found on the Internet; even an inexperienced user can understand the calculations. With their help, a visual model of the future structure is created.

"Concultec Stairon"	This is the most famous program for structural calculations. With its help, you can select materials for the manufacture of individual elements. Clear structure, clear guidance, visualization, editing and adjustment of elements during the calculation.
"Stair Designer"	The program has been improved with 2D and 3D visualization. With its help, you can design not only the main elements, but also balusters, railings, stringers. You can perform online design of a staircase of any complexity. There are built-in control options that will tell you which parameters are out of your comfort zone. The program has one drawback - there is no adaptation to Russian language, only English and German.
"Compass Staircase"	The program library contains a large number of structural elements. The program offers solutions to the most complex problems. The interface can be Russified. It is possible to print calculations and designs.

Software products can be easily downloaded and installed on your computer. As an alternative, you can use an online staircase calculator on the Internet. For example, on the website www.lesenka.com, with minimal specified parameters, you can obtain a calculation of the main elements within a short time.

Thus, quite complex calculations become an exciting game of construction, the result of which can be changed as new data is entered.

Where can you order turnkey production and installation of staircases - prices, catalogs

Before choosing a company that will install the structure, you need to familiarize yourself with photographic examples of the work presented in the catalogs. It is important to take into account customer reviews that are posted on the company’s website and on popular review sites.

Prices will depend on the material, size and complexity of the design, availability additional elements. We give the estimated cost for the main structures.

Staircase shape	Main characteristics	Estimated cost, rub.
Flight of stairs.	Material - pine, coating - 2 layers of varnish, fastening - on a stringer, fencing on 1 side.	From 70 000
L-shaped design with a platform.		From 95 000
		From 110,000
U-shaped design with a platform.		From 120,000
L-shaped design with winder steps.		From 125,000
Screw design.		From 130,000
Flight of stairs under the cladding.	Metal, additionally requires finishing coating, installation of fences and railings.	From 60 000
Flight of stairs with a platform for cladding.		From 75 000

Conclusion

Using online calculators, you can calculate the stairs to the second floor of any complexity. You can visualize the results and make changes if necessary. Self-design is a rather exciting process. It is quite possible that you will have to deviate from the original plan to make the structure from one material. Using the program, you can successfully combine elements from different materials.

We tried to select the maximum useful information according to the calculation of a flight of stairs. Tell us about your problems, our team will be happy to answer all questions from readers.

As a bonus, we suggest watching a video of calculating the stairs to the second floor with all the explanations:

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Independent construction of a staircase in your own home should always be preceded by calculations and drawing up a project - an assembly drawing. Without this, it is simply impossible to build a truly comfortable, reliable and interior-decorating structure. When carrying out the necessary calculations, naturally, they are based on real conditions, that is, on the features of the location of the future staircase.

One of the basic parameters of any staircase is the size of its steps - their height and width. These values are not taken arbitrarily - they must obey certain rules, which are based on the maximum convenience and safety of people moving along a flight of stairs. There are several methods for determining the mentioned parameters - using tables, using Socalled the "safety formula" stairs, according to the graphical construction of its profile. We offer the reader a calculator for calculating the size of stair steps. It needs some explanation, which will be given below.

The staircase may be original

The staircase structure in the house is a necessary part that connects the floors. Choose staircase structure is not as simple as it seems at first glance. The house needs not just an element for lowering and lifting, but a convenient and aesthetic structure.

Selecting a staircase design is not an easy task. Before you decide on any model, once again return to the design and layout of the interior. It's possible you've overlooked some important aspects: where the flight of stairs will go, how many there will be, whether the chosen model fits the design of both floors and many other questions.

Various types of staircase designs: photos

We invite you to familiarize yourself with different options design solutions for staircase structures. Before you start studying programs for calculating stairs, consider appearance designs. To do this, we present to help you photographs demonstrating successful decorative structures.

You shouldn't rely too much on fashion trends. The main attention should be paid to the style of your home itself.

Main technical parameters of stairs

Any building has its own standards. There are similar standards for stairs. If you deviate from them during construction, using the structure will be inconvenient at best, and downright dangerous at worst. The list of parameters includes the height of the riser and the width of the staircase steps, the slope, and the height of the railing.

The dimensions of the staircase steps take into account the permissible riser height limits, which are within 80 mm: the minimum value is 120 mm, the maximum value is 200 mm. The tread depth is made between 235 and 355 mm. The angle of inclination depends on several factors, but acceptable values are 24−50°. If the inclination exceeds 45°, the steps become too steep and uncomfortable. The proper slope is determined by the height of the rise in a certain ratio to the width of the tread.

Selecting arbitrary values can violate the technical quality of the design. In addition to the above parameters, take into account the dimensions stairwell, the length of the march, the number of ascents (preferably no more than 18), the total distance from the floor of the first floor to the second.

On average, the step length of an adult is 63 cm, and when climbing, this number becomes equal to 30-32 cm and increases or decreases depending on the inclination of the march. As for fencing and railings, the standard specifies 90-120 cm. The critical height of the stairs is also an important parameter, so in the house plan it is worth taking into account the height of the second floor ceiling to prevent head injuries. Finally, we would like to add that the safest staircase will be one that can withstand a weight of up to 250 kg, and a handrail that can withstand a weight of over 100 kg.

Main types of staircase structures

You can rejoice in the variety of staircase designs. Their main types are taken into account in programs for calculating stairs. The convenience of marching stairs lies in their practicality, spiral staircases - in their sophistication and grace, as well as saving usable space. The advantage of combined designs is successful combination elements of all other structures and the maximum level of interior design.

Marching staircase Spiral design Combination of elements of all structures

Staircase structures take into account load-bearing elements, namely stringers, of which there can be one or two, bowstrings, bolets, a combination of elements. Calculating the stairs to the second floor with your own hands can be a difficult design task complex structures. It is important to remember that any calculations must be based on building regulations for your convenience and safety.

The main materials from which stairs are made, and the nuances of their calculation

The use of any material must be selected taking into account building codes. The staircase structure has a weight that should be included in the design. Each structure is individual, this is emphasized not only by the features during construction, but also by the choice of material for its construction. So, what materials for making stairs are especially popular:

Tree comes first. Wood is a traditional raw material for any construction. Aesthetic qualities of wood and its specifications at the highest level.
Stone almost as popular as wood. Stone structures last for decades without changing their original appearance and without the need for painting.
Glass stairs are in demand in modern home interior designs. Glass is easy to perceive, although its technical characteristics include strength and considerable weight.
Iron structures They can be simple and massive, or they can become a real work of art thanks to forged elements.
Reinforced concrete stairs add grandeur to the design.

Many designers do not follow the rules and boldly combine various materials, combining everything in incredible proportions. Of course, the cost of such a staircase increases not only due to the work of the designer, but also due to the difficulties associated with the construction process. And, of course, we should not forget about combined options when part is made of metal and part is made of glass or wood. Some designers even embark on bold experiments, combining wood, metal and stone. As a rule, such structures are installed in rich houses.