House made of stone and wood. Construction of combined brick and wood houses

Combined houses made of stone and wood, the projects of which usually include a brick (stone, concrete) first (ground) floor and wooden second (attic ) is an attempt to level out the disadvantages of some materials at the expense of the advantages of others. Stone (brick) is very strong, durable and reliable material, but at the same time it takes a very long time to warm up and requires both internal and often external finishing work.

Wood is an environmentally friendly and healthy material with excellent thermal insulation, but it is also very fire hazardous and relatively short-lived. Combining these materials allows you to minimize costs, ensuring maximum energy savings and high construction speed.

Features of designing combined houses

House designs using stone and wood have a fairly long architectural history. These include half-timbered houses, who have wooden frame filled with stones, or alpine chalets, which were originally the dwellings of shepherds.

However, the construction of a combined house made of wood and stone was quite common in Russian architecture - in the 19th century, enterprising middle-class merchants, minimizing costs, built two-story houses, in which the first floor made of stone was “business” - it housed a store (shop) or office. But the second floor was allocated for living space.

A combined stone-wood house will allow you to make the most of strengths each material:

the use of brick (stone, concrete blocks) - a non-combustible material - on the ground floor is quite justified, because there is a living room with fireplace, kitchen, possibly a garage and other rooms with an increased risk of fire. In addition, in this case it will be easier to obtain permission and install the boiler on the ground floor

durability - to the greatest negative impact(moisture, fungus, mold, insects) are exposed to lower crowns wooden house, close to the ground. The first floor, built of brick, will last for decades without reducing reliability, because brick is practically not affected by negative natural factors, and wood will be protected from moisture and influence groundwater

Advice! When designing combined houses you can abandon the high foundation characteristic of wooden houses– brick withstands moisture well.

profitability - in financially a combined brick + wood house will cost less than a complete house brick house, and this is only if we take into account the cost of the material. It is worth considering additional costs: insulation brick walls, finishing work, heating the residential floor - the financial benefits will be especially noticeable

energy efficiency - wood retains heat much better than brick, which will save on heating the living area, but you should not neglect the insulation of the basement

combining materials will significantly reduce total weight buildings, so you can further save on laying the foundation

Advice! To further reduce weight, the second floor can be constructed using non-material timber or rounded logs, but use frame technology

speed of construction - both the brick and wooden parts of the house are built quite quickly, but while the wooden part is shrinking (this can take up to a year for rounded logs, for laminated veneer lumber this is not very significant), you can finish the first floor and even move into it

aesthetics - combining materials allows you to get a very unusual and attractive exterior; such designs make it possible to implement interesting and non-standard design solutions and approaches.

The first floor, built of brick, is distinguished by its excellent practical advantages - it is stable, strong, ideal for equipment bathrooms, laundry room, boiler room, mini-swimming pool, heated garage, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room. The second floor, built of wood, is distinguished by an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, thanks to its natural qualities, wood provides natural air exchange and humidity regulation, so it is optimal to equip rooms here with a minimum engineering communications and installations - bedrooms, children's rooms, office.

IN modern construction there is a gradual abandonment of brick in favor of aerated concrete or other types cellular concrete. First of all, they are lighter, which allows for additional savings on laying the foundation. Important point– with the same strength, aerated concrete has significantly best performance thermal insulation than brick. But the second floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or laminated timber, or frame method.

There are two approaches to designing the facade of combined houses:

single style - in this case the whole house is decorated in the same style, the difference between floors is completely eliminated, for which it can be used as decorative plaster, and siding. Brick floor can be finished imitation timber, block house, clapboard, etc., so that visually the house is completely wooden

different design - the second floor in this case remains untouched (the wood can only be additionally painted or varnished), the first floor is finished decorative bricks or plaster, tiles, stone (natural or artificial).

During the construction of combined houses special attention will require a transition from a brick part to a wooden one. Between floors, reinforcing metal pins are used as a connecting element - placing them in the upper rows of brick (stone) masonry, they are used to secure the first crowns of the second floor. A prerequisite is the creation of a waterproofing layer, for which you can use roofing felt, polyurethane foam and other materials that will provide protection wooden structures from moisture.

The construction of combined houses meets modern trends. People are trying to make their homes reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Structures made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. Experts tell us what you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type.

Combined houses: what is it?

This type of building is not know-how. Back in the days Kievan Rus They noticed that such houses are strong, light, more resistant to fire and retain heat better. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, stone and timber remain closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built from durable stone that is not afraid of fire, strong wind, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The timber helps to increase the energy efficiency of the structure, adds coziness, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

Houses made of stone and wood are warm and reliable

Glued. One element consists of many thin glued lamellas made of softwood.
Unprofiled. An ordinary beam obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option for construction.
Profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. Has clearly defined parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the chalet style is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic strongly protruding eaves overhangs. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows maximum transformation sun rays V thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is an attic.

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is explained by the large predominance of positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
the possibility of construction in a place with close groundwater;
durability;
the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
wide choice design solutions along with high aesthetics;

efficiency;
higher fire safety (compared to buildings made only of wood or modern combustible materials);
increased protection against moisture;
The function of the second floor is a thermos: in hot weather it will be cool there, in cold weather it will be warmer.

Attention! Environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden environment improves sleep and normalizes nervous system and prevents the development of respiratory tract diseases (if the timber is made of coniferous trees).

There are not many disadvantages of two-part houses:

wood lasts less than stone;
Stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, which is why difficulties may arise after use in severe frost or heat;
even in combination with a non-flammable neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

Stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be additionally strengthened against subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is a solution for those who cannot afford a two-story cottage. Architects also recommend this type of structure when, due to heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house may burst or cause distortion. In fact, an ordinary foundation for a 1-story house is sufficient for the construction.

The design approach to the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally covered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions when, with the help of modern facing materials both floors result in a uniform design style. But in this case we should not forget about different characteristics materials. On one, after a few years, the cladding will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold up.

When drawing up a project, the size of the home does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the ground is not swampy and can support a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising stone walls. Lightweight wooden level It folds much faster: it does not require finishing. At least at first you can live with naked people wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before you pick up a spatula or cladding panels, carry out communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination of premises for business and life in a 2-story combined house is quite in demand. Downstairs the owners are setting up a commercial area, and upstairs they live themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens up wide opportunities for its styling. You can make a home to suit every taste. To avoid disappointment with the result, work only with experienced builders.

It's no secret that time does not stand still. Today, a wide range of materials are used for the construction of low-rise buildings. So, brick houses, which enjoy considerable popularity, are characterized by reliability and fire safety, and wooden ones are environmentally friendly.

What if we combine these materials under one roof?

Wood and brick - a smart combination

Combined houses made of wood and brick can easily be called a highlight suburban construction. In terms of consumer demand, they may be inferior to brick ones. But this does not mean that they cannot be called popular.

Buildings of this type have a number of advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed below.

Advantages and disadvantages of combined houses made of brick and wood

A positive aspect is also the remoteness of the wooden part of the house from the ground, because it is not subject to the destructive effects of ground moisture.

Important!
Among the main disadvantages of brick-wooden houses, it should be noted the need for special processing of wood that protects it from adverse factors.

Brick and timber - a balance of strength and comfort

Among buildings that elegantly combine brick and wood, combined houses made of brick and timber are quite popular. These two materials “converge” perfectly under one roof, complementing each other.

The massive basement and first floor are the key to reliability and durability. The timber is wood, so it holds heat very well. In addition, the tree breathes, and this is the key to a favorable microclimate.

One more positive characteristic The advantage of brick-and-beam houses is their rapid erection. It should also be mentioned that the timber second floor does not need finishing, as it has a very pleasant and aesthetic appearance.

Combined houses made of timber and brick of the same layout can vary significantly in the cost of their construction. The decisive factor in this matter is the building materials necessary for the construction of a particular dwelling, or rather their price.

Both timber and brick have many varieties.

Thus, in the construction of such houses the following types of timber can be used:

unprofiled - building material, used everywhere. However, it is not used very often for the construction of combined houses, since in many respects it is inferior to other types of timber;
profiled- this species has gained greater recognition in combined construction. The logs fit together very tightly, so floors made of profiled timber, as a rule, do not need caulking;
glued- high-quality building material with high heat and sound insulation properties. Combined houses made of brick and laminated veneer lumber, or rather their wooden floors, have high strength, since timber of this type is produced by alternately gluing lamellas with different fiber directions.

Important!
When producing laminated veneer lumber, all defective areas of wood are removed, which helps to increase the strength of the material.

Another material, the price of which significantly affects the cost of the entire combined project, is brick. Its price is determined by a number of factors. So, for example, double sand-lime brick M 150 and red building brick differ in quality characteristics and area of application and, as a result, have different prices.

Advice!
Due to the fact that brick is a fireproof material, a kitchen and living room with a fireplace can be located on the ground floor, and the ground floor is perfect for a garage, boiler room and workshop.

The second floor, made of environmentally friendly wood, is an ideal place for a bedroom, children's room and personal office.

Brick and timber house project

As you can see in the photo, the house has an aesthetic appearance. It is perfect for both seasonal country holidays and permanent residence. Having studied the house plan, we can safely say that this building has not only a beautiful exterior, but also undeniable functionality.

The ground floor of this house has five utility rooms that can be used for various purposes. So, a storage room and a workshop will perfectly find their place on this floor.

The basement with a total area of 142.47 sq.m can be used not only as a utility floor; the decisive factor in this matter is the flight of imagination of the home owners. For example, on ground floor You can create a small corner of comfort and privacy by arranging it with your own hands, based on your own ideas about a cozy holiday.

A spacious living room, a bright kitchen and dining room, as well as a laundry room, so necessary for any housewife, are conveniently located on the ground floor. It should be noted that there is a separate room for a wardrobe.

If the first floor is designed for receiving guests and pleasant time with family for dining table, then the attic is a place of concentration and relaxation at the same time.

There is a study here, where hours of hard work fly by, as well as two bathrooms and a bedroom, where you can relieve fatigue after a hard day at work. The children's room is also located on this floor. Since the attic is made of wood, then, of course, it makes more sense to place recreation areas there.

Brick and log house - exquisite unity

Another interesting type of buildings, the construction of which uses two different material, is a combined house made of logs and bricks. Such structures have a very aesthetic and attractive appearance and do not require cladding.

Conclusion

The instructions are simple: you just need to order a project and start construction. You can get acquainted with one of the options for combining brick and timber by watching the video in this article.

Such structures first appeared in the Middle Ages, and at first they were common in the Alps. Then, combi-houses began to develop in other territories, because such housing was to the liking of the Germans, British, Austrians, French and representatives of other nationalities inhabiting Europe at that time. Main distinctive features such houses are sloping gable roof and the use of at least two main materials in construction - stone and wood. A little later, this style of architecture was called a word that you have probably heard - “chalet”.

The first floor is stone, the second and all subsequent floors are wooden. Although, most often combi houses are two-story. This solution is optimal, because stone is a heavy and durable material, so the first floor serves reliable foundation for all subsequent levels made of wood. It is noteworthy that combined houses It would be a stretch to call wooden suburban real estate properties lined with brick, natural or artificial stone. At their core, they are not combi-houses, because both stone and brick take on the finishing function, and design features structures have no effect.

Pros of combi houses

Worthy appearance. Combined houses can fit into any landscape, and they are sure to attract attention, because they are still classified as atypical for Russia. But they are most suitable for our climate, which is very similar to the Alpine.
Durability. We dare to assure you that for a chalet, a hundred-year service life is not the maximum value, which is explained by the peculiarities of the materials. What can happen to a stone that doesn’t burn or rot?! If you are confused by the fact that all subsequent levels are made of wood, then do not worry: for construction we use softwood lumber. It is less susceptible to rotting and the effects of other negative factors, moreover, wood material, regardless of the name, is treated with antiseptic compounds, as well as impregnations that provide fire resistance.
Low price. This is true, because the construction and commissioning of a “partially stone house” is cheaper compared to a stone structure. Even the most elite lumber is cheaper than stone.
Environmentally friendly. Conifers trees tend to release phytoncides and regulate heat and air exchange well. Stone retains coolness in summer and warmth in winter, and the combination of these materials ensures the creation of an optimal microclimate.
Accelerated pace of construction. Combi-houses are lightweight compared to their brick and stone counterparts, which means that building a foundation will require much less time, money and effort. Also, such structures do not require shrinkage.
Fire resistance. Combi houses become victims of fires much less often than frame, timber and log houses, and the reason for this is the presence of stone elements in the structure. Treating wood with fire retardants can reduce the likelihood of fire significantly.
New business opportunities. This point may seem confusing. We explain: having a chalet-style house, it becomes possible to make an interesting business decision. On the ground floor of such a building it is quite possible to set up an office, cafe, shop, bakery, workshop, and on the second floor you can live with your family. You may be interested in this, and we are ready to finalize the project you like in accordance with your wishes, because organizing a business space implies a separate entrance and a layout different from the “domestic” one.

Are there any disadvantages to combi houses?

The disadvantages of combi-houses boil down to the possible risk of shortening their service life due to insufficient care wooden elements. Stone is more resistant to precipitation, excessive humidity and temperature changes, and in order to preserve the original characteristics of wood, it needs to be looked after, that is, wooden surfaces must be periodically treated with special compounds.

What we offer

“Russian Style” is a multidisciplinary company with a staff of different specialties, including: planners, architects, designers, builders, masons, craftsmen specializing in the construction of wooden houses, finishers, etc. We can offer for your consideration one of the many our projects. Also, you have the right to deviate from the standard layout scheme, because most often on the ground floor of a chalet house there are technical and utility rooms such as kitchens, bathrooms, boiler rooms. In addition, dining rooms and living rooms are located on the ground floor. The second floor is residential area, with bedrooms, offices, dressing rooms. If you see your future home in a slightly different format, then tell us about it.

Cooperation with our company has many advantages. Here are just a few of them:

Availability of a huge quantity standard projects, which can easily be transformed into individual ones.
Possibility of constructing a facility on credit, including a mortgage (all documents are prepared in our office).
Quality assurance.
Attracting the labor of highly qualified workers - citizens of Russia.
Only high-quality materials are used in construction.

We carry out projects of any complexity.

Saturday, 7 July 2018 5:25

romario

Projects of combined houses are so named because of the peculiarities of their construction. To build such a house, several types of building materials are used.

It could be brick, stone, wood, block and so on. As a rule, the division by materials occurs on a floor-by-floor basis, but there are exceptions.

Such house designs undoubtedly have their advantages. For example, using stone as a material for the first floor makes the house stronger and more durable.

The same can be said about the construction of a deep, reinforced foundation. It is necessary due to the increased weight of the structure and the pressure created as a result.

In most cases, the planning and construction of a combined house follows the same principle.

The lower floor is built from heavier and durable material. It gives the impression of reliability and durability. As the material for the first floor, you can choose concrete slabs, brick or stone.

The second floor does not have to be so heavy. Here, mainly lighter materials are used, for example, wood, aerated concrete, or frame construction.

This trick allows you to immediately achieve several improvements in construction quality:

The second floor of the house will be much lighter, so there is no need for additional strengthening of the foundation.
You can save on thermal insulation materials, since aerated concrete, for example, has good heat-insulating properties.
The design advantages of the combination of several materials in construction are not limited. This combination looks very attractive.

Stylish appearance and a variety of options for using various construction technologies make such houses popular among users.

The combined type will help you save on construction and end up with a complete home, comfortable and modern.

Combined houses are usually built on two floors. This condition allows you to stabilize the load on the foundation and make the home itself comfortable to live in. More floors will require more foundation reinforcement.

There is one more feature here. The heavier first floor, as a rule, serves as common rooms. There is a living room, kitchen and dining room, as well as a toilet and guest rooms.

And the second floor is reserved for living rooms, which are completely isolated from each other, and a bathroom. See for yourself how simple and convenient a combined house can be.

Project of a two-story combined house

The house project presented below is designed to accommodate a large family. The total area of the house is one hundred and ninety-three square meters.

The size of the building is nine by twelve meters. Such dimensions make it possible to build a house according to this project on a plot of even small size. However, when planning, take into account the need to erect other buildings: a garage, a bathhouse and others.

To equip the foundation, it is necessary to use monolithic reinforced concrete piles. Here you must take into account the total load in order to achieve maximum stability and reliability of the building.

The optimal material to choose for the construction of the first floor is ceramic block. This modern material allows you to make the foundation of the house strong, while the walls themselves will be durable and aesthetically attractive.

The second floor can be built from laminated veneer lumber. It's not as heavy as wooden frame, and its thermal insulation properties have long been proven.

Such a construction will be much lighter than, which will reduce the load on the foundation.

By tradition, all common rooms in such a house are located on the ground floor. Here you will find a spacious living room, which is combined in the project with a kitchen and dining room.

In addition, the layout of the first floor requires a separate office for work.

On the second floor you will find three isolated bedrooms. Entrance to the rooms is through a common hall.

Both the first and second floors require space for relaxation. On the first floor there is a spacious veranda, on the second there are two full balconies.

Utility rooms can be conveniently located on the ground floor. There is space allocated here for a utility room and boiler room. There is also a spacious wardrobe.

Such a house is easy to use and there will be enough space for each family member.

As for the appearance of the new house, it meets all aesthetic requirements. Such a house will look European, modern and stylish.

This combined house project does not include the addition of a garage or other outbuildings. It is better to locate this kind of buildings at some distance from the home.

This will allow you to do landscape design organic and attractive and not spoil the appearance of the house with unnecessary structures nearby.