Finding yourself late in the evening in a dark courtyard or entrance to your home, you feel, to put it mildly, uncomfortable. Immediately two thoughts flash through my head: “I wish I could run home as quickly as possible” and “Who is generally responsible for lighting the apartment building and the yard?” The answers to the second question can be found in this article.
Who is responsible for the light in and around the entrance?
Every apartment owner needs to know that in addition to residential square meters, he also owns part of local area and all non-residential property located on it (playgrounds, parking lots, lawns, as well as barriers, lamps, landings, electrical panels, elevator shafts).
The owner is responsible for maintaining the common property in order. This responsibility is expressed in the form of a monthly payment specified in the receipt. The amount of electricity spent on lighting the local area and entrance is recorded on the common house electricity meter.
Lighting standards
At the entrance of each house, common areas of the house (corridors, vestibules, attics, staircases, basements) must be illuminated. The method and scale of lighting depends on the type and size of the building itself.
Regulatory documents stipulate some lighting characteristics:
Each main entrance to the entrance is illuminated with a lamp from 6 to 11 lux. They should be the same in the basement and attic.
The illumination of corridors should not be lower than 20 lux. In corridors whose length is less than 10 m, one lamp is installed in the center. If the length of the corridor is more than 10 m - two or more lamps.
The light switch in common areas must be located in a place accessible to every resident.
To reduce costs for street lighting use modern light sources: gas-discharge, LED and fluorescent light bulbs. In some yards, special motion sensors are installed to save energy.
Preference in choosing a light source for the entrance is given to energy-saving lamps. For an hour of uninterrupted operation, they produce up to 12 W. For comparison, over the same period of time, a fast incandescent lamp consumes an average of 50 W.
The only disadvantage of using energy-saving lamps in entrances is the likelihood that they can be damaged or unscrewed.
Who owns the yard lights?
An illuminated local area is necessary to create comfortable living, safety of the population and prevent cases of theft and hooliganism.
Everything is clear with the common property in the house. But with the land adjacent to the building, some nuances arise.
First, you need to figure out whether the land on which the house stands is legalized, what its boundaries are and whether it has been assigned a cadastral number. To do this, any homeowner can apply for a request to the cadastral chamber.
If the land is not registered, it is still the property of local self-government bodies. This means that they are responsible for it and all the costs of its maintenance.
There is also an option in which the developer is still the tenant of the site. In such a situation, the developer himself must resolve issues regarding the maintenance of the site.
And yet, in the case when the land is registered in the cadastral chamber, has boundaries, and land surveying has been done, it can be considered the property of the owners of apartments in the building to which it belongs.
Controls are responsible for lighting
To figure out who should be responsible for the street lighting of the local area and inside the entrances, you need to find out who is responsible for organizing the proper condition of all common property.
Ways to control the house:
- Direct management by owners (if the number of apartments is no more than 30);
- Homeowners Association;
- Management company.
The method of managing the house is determined at a general meeting of residents. The decision may be made or changed at any time.
In the first case, the owners independently enter into contracts with organizations involved in the maintenance of houses and the provision of utilities.
In the second and third cases, the responsibility for maintaining the common property of the house lies on the shoulders of the relevant authorities.
There is no light, where to complain
Now, when it’s dark in your yard or entrance, you know who will help solve the problem. And yet, it is again impossible to do without the personal initiative of the residents themselves. If the lighting in or near the entrance goes missing, any of the residents can draw up a report in any form. This document must also contain the signatures of your neighbors. For more reliable confirmation of information, you can take photographs.
The entire collected package must end up in the hands of the board of the HOA, management company or organization that provides lighting services for common property. It is better to draw up the act itself in two copies. Ask for a receipt stamp on one of them and take this copy with you. After that, all you have to do is wait for the light to come on.
If you ask the question at whose expense the repair of public lighting in the building is paid, it becomes clear that it is at the expense of the residents. By paying for general house maintenance, they also pay amounts calculated for diagnostics and troubleshooting.
Not everyone has yet forgotten the good old Soviet times, when common property belonged not to the apartment owners, but to the state. And today you have to sit in the dark until the light of truth indicates that you need to replace a light bulb or fix a lantern.
When questions arise in the housing and communal services sector, it is so important to find reliable answers. You can do this on our website!
Perhaps, each of us at least once in our lives had to walk without lighting along the staircase of an entrance in complete darkness in the regions of Russia. And even if in this case it was possible to safely overcome all the steps, the unpleasant sensations we suffered would still remain for a long time. This means that in order to completely eliminate the possibility of something like this happening again, it is necessary to properly organize reliable and comfortable lighting for stairs.
The main task when controlling the lighting of staircases is to ensure safe and comfortable movement for all people passing through it. To do this, the light must be directed at the steps from above and clearly highlight the contours of each of them. In addition, the light should create soft rather than harsh shadows to improve people's spatial orientation. It should also be taken into account that well-lit walls create a feeling of security in a person.
Emergency lighting for staircases should also be considered. In case of unforeseen or critical situations, it will help to avoid unnecessary risks.
The AKTEY company in the regions of Russia will be able to offer you at least 10 solutions for staircase lighting for every taste and budget. You can buy our solutions from us or from our dealers in any region of Russia.
Lighting standards for staircases
The level of illumination in staircases is standardized by SNiP 23-05-95* “Natural and artificial lighting”, it ranges from 50 to 100 lux. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the contrast of the steps when lighting them, but at the same time the lamps should not dazzle people passing along flight of stairs. Therefore, light sources are usually placed on ceilings or high on walls.
The most functional and complete solution in the AKTEI portfolio is the LED lamp SA-7008U of the Perseus series. This intelligent product always works in the presence of people, and at the moment when there is no one on the stairs, it turns off completely or goes into standby mode. At this moment, only natural lighting of the staircases of residential buildings works. SA-7008U does not require replacement of lamps; when using this solution, there is no need for any maintenance during the entire period of operation.
The polycarbonate housing, on the one hand, ensures a high light output from the LED module, and on the other hand, significantly reduces glare. The streamlined shape allows the lamps to be used as decorative elements of rooms. The body of the lamp is made of polycarbonate, which, on the one hand, has high light transmission capabilities, and on the other hand, evenly distributes the light flow without causing a blinding effect. The impact resistance of this material and the special streamlined shape provide excellent vandal resistance.
How to make lighting on a staircase?
In addition to the fact that the lighting of stairs and landings in the entrances of residential buildings is intended to ensure the safety and comfort of the residents of the house, it must be energy-saving and vandal-proof, that is, protected from external destruction, breakdown and theft. The use of lamps with sensors will allow you to save up to 98% of electricity on lighting. Anti-vandal protection of LED lamps is provided by a durable polycarbonate housing; special fasteners protect against theft.
Since the lamps are on staircases and marches often work around the clock, the absolute value of savings both in Watts and in rubles can be quite significant.
At AKTEY you can choose the optimal solution for your staircase from the following options:
- LED lamps of the Perseus series - SA-7008U, SA-7006, SA-7006D, SA-7106E;
- LED lamps DBB 64-08 and DBB 64-08D;
- lamps and sockets with sensors for lamps with E27 socket - CA-18, CA-19, CA-20.
LED lamp SA-7008U, Perseus series
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Energy-saving LED lamp for housing and communal services SA-7006D, "Perseus" series
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Energy-saving lamp SA-18 optical-acoustic
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None of the regulatory legal acts of Russia contains a definition of “domestic territory”.
At whose expense should it be done?
In accordance with the Housing Code, all costs for maintaining the common property of the house are divided between the owners in proportion to the area of their apartments, and since the adjacent territory belongs to joint property, payment for street light falls on the shoulders of the owners. Costs for street lighting are calculated using a common building meter and are included monthly in the residents' receipts.
Reference! If it is not documented that the territory around the house belongs to common property, the inclusion of such a line of expenses in the payment receipts is unlawful and can serve as the beginning of legal proceedings.
Returning home in the dark is much more pleasant and safer in a lit yard than getting to own apartment in the dark, shuddering at every rustle. The lack of light in the yard is a reason to contact the management company or administration.
Many of us have had to return home to dark time days. At such moments, a person understands how important lighting is inside and around an apartment building. But what to do if there is no light either in the entrance or in the yard? Who should I contact and who is responsible for this? Let's look into this issue
In this article:
Entrance lighting
With the onset of darkness, the lights must be turned on in the entrance and stairwells of a residential building. First of all, this is necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting in the entrance of an apartment building must meet the following requirements:
- in public spaces a general lighting system is used;
- if the house has more than 6 floors and more than 50 people live, then the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
- evacuation lamps are installed in the main passages and in front of elevators;
- It is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
- It is recommended to cover the lamp with anti-vandal, impact-resistant glass or metal mesh;
- The light intensity must comply with established standards.
Illumination standards are regulated by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59-88. Lux values for public areas are presented in the table:
Residents have the right to complain to the management company not only that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not intense enough.
Lighting in the basement
There are special requirements for organizing basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there and dampness may occur, so lamps must meet electrical and fire safety standards.
The power must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The lamp body must be grounded. When laying cables, it is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires, which react when exposed to moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes, which are called a sleeve.
Lighting of the local area
Before you figure out what standards the lighting of the local area and courtyard of an apartment building must meet, you need to understand what is included in this concept - “domestic area”. According to the law this is:
- the land plot on which the house is built, its dimensions are determined by the cadastre;
- landscaping elements (this includes, among other things, lamps);
- objects intended for use at home ( heating points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, car parks).
Directly lighting the courtyard of an apartment building can be done in three ways:
- A lantern under the canopy above the door to the entrance. This is convenient because you can take a low-power lamp and you won’t need much light. The disadvantage is that only a small area in front of the door will be illuminated.
- Lantern over the entrance canopy. It is advisable to take a lamp with a luminous flux of at least 3500 lm and a circular luminous intensity. Place at a height of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizontal. But, despite the fact that the entire yard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in darkness.
- A combination of the two previous options. Most the best way lighting the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.
Standards have also been developed for lighting the surrounding area, which are presented in the table:
Some residents insist on installing lighting fixtures with motion sensors in order to save energy. It makes sense to install such lamps inside entrances, whereas on the streets they will not work quite correctly. On the street, the sensor can be triggered by the movement of an animal, and the light will turn on when it is not required.
Who is responsible for lighting the house?
According to Federal Law No. 131, authorities are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards local government. But maintaining the functionality of the lamps is the responsibility of the residents of the house.
According to Housing Code Russian Federation Responsibility for light inside residential buildings and in the local area lies with the management company with which the residents entered into an agreement. The text of the agreement states what services the management company provides, what it is responsible for, and what the procedure is for dealing with problems or controversial issues that arise.
What to do if residents find that there is no light in the entrance, common areas, basement or adjacent area? They need to take the following steps:
- An act is drawn up that describes the problem.
- The act is signed by at least 3 people. These could be neighbors, a senior person in the building, or the chairman of the house.
- Evidence of the existence of the problem is attached to the report. For example, a photo of the absence of light in the evening.
- The documents are transferred to the management company.
- Within seven days, management company employees check and analyze information, troubleshoot problems and draw up their own report on the problem.
- A document detailing all actions taken to resolve the problem is handed over to the applicants.
If the management company fails to fulfill its responsibilities and refuses to fulfill what is specified in the contract, residents have the right to terminate the agreement with it and enter into an agreement with another organization.
Who pays for the lighting of the courtyard and entrances of an apartment building? According to the Federal Law, the area around the house, like the entrances, is common property. The costs of lighting and troubleshooting are borne directly by the building occupants. Moreover, the costs are divided for each owner depending on the area of his apartment.
You should pay attention to whether it is documented that this particular local area is the common property of this particular house. If there are no such notes, then inclusion of payment for it in the receipt is unlawful.
Lighting in multi-storey buildings is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not met - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the safety of the residents, then the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to the court.
High-quality lighting in entrances apartment buildings is the most important factor comfort of residents. In most cases, ordinary incandescent lamps are used as a light source. But this type of artificial lighting has recently lost its relevance due to the fragility of use, significant consumption of energy resources, as well as high degree incandescent (up to 360°C), which can cause a fire. Today people are looking for alternative light sources.
Lighting in the entrances of residential buildings according to SanPiN standards
First, let's study the basic lighting standards that apply to entrance premises.
According to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and SanPin standards, in force in Russia since August 15, 2010, Section five of the “Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation” (clauses 5.4., 5.5 and 5.6) states that:
- Each entrance and other premises of a residential building must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
- Illumination where landings, stair steps, elevator halls, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics are located should not be lower than 20 lux on the floor.
- Each main entrance to a residential building must be equipped with lamps that provide illumination of at least 6 lux at the entrance entrance area, for horizontal surfaces - from 10 lux, for vertical surfaces- to a height of two meters from the floor. It is also necessary to illuminate pedestrian path at the entrance to an apartment building.
Moreover, in accordance with clause 7.62 of SNiP 23-05-95, every building with more than six storeys must be equipped with evacuation lighting. Due to this it is ensured safe evacuation people from the building when the working lighting disappears.
According to clause 7.63, emergency lighting must illuminate stairs with at least 0.5 lux on the steps. In this case, it is important to observe the condition that the difference between the maximum and minimum illuminated areas does not exceed the ratio of 1:40.
Do not forget about the mandatory presence of emergency lighting on the street. Here the illumination level of the ground should be only 0.2 lux.
- Do not confuse emergency and evacuation exits
Lighting sources in the entrances of residential buildings
According to numerous observations, the light sources in hallways and other common areas in multi-storey buildings are light bulbs with an average power of 60 W. Lamps are usually installed without shades, which is a gross violation of the requirements fire safety. In turn fire danger Incandescent lamps are usually considered in 2 aspects:
- the possibility of fire as a result of contact of the lamp with flammable material;
- the likelihood of fire when hot particles of a light bulb, formed during its destruction, come into contact with nearby combustible materials.
The first aspect is due primarily to the fact that the temperature of the incandescent lamp bulb after one hour of burning reaches 360 ° C (provided that the light bulb power is up to 100 W). This is why dark, smoky circles form on the ceiling above the lamps.
The second factor is improper operation, when, in addition to using a light bulb without a diffuser, the permissible distance to combustible materials is not maintained. This phenomenon is relevant for cramped apartment vestibules, which residents of apartment buildings use as improvised storage rooms.
Safety cannot be guaranteed by sufficient distance alone. A fire hazard can occur due to hot metal particles that are formed when a light bulb burns out. The falling particles can ignite even when falling from a 10-meter height.
Quite often you can encounter a violation when aluminum wires are extended using copper wires with twists. This creates galvanic steam, which destroys the contact (electrochemical corrosion occurs and the contact resistance increases). All this can lead to a fire due to overheating of the wire connection.
The following main power supply systems are distinguished:
- the entire system without the use of diodes;
- the entire system is turned on when diodes are used;
- various combinations (diodes are partially installed in light bulbs and switches).
The diode is electronic element, which has varying degrees of conductivity depending on the direction of the current. In apartment buildings, it is used to reduce the effective voltage on incandescent lamps and, accordingly, reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the lamps.
Diodes installed in the lighting system in the entrances of apartment buildings lead to flickering of incandescent lamps, which in turn creates additional discomfort.
In this case, the voltage decreases from 220 to 156 V, but it is important to understand that an incandescent lamp is a nonlinear element, so its energy consumption will be reduced by only 42%. In this case, the luminous flux, which is the main parameter of the light source by which the level of illumination in the entrance is assessed, can decrease to only 27%.
This is how incandescent lamps lose their energy efficiency: if a conventional light bulb is characterized by a luminous flux of 800 lm and a power of 60 W (the luminous efficiency indicator is 13.3 lm/W), then as a result of connecting diodes, the luminous flux will be 216 lm and the power will be 34.8 W ( the luminous efficiency in this case is 6.2 lm/W).
In order to compensate for the reduced luminous flux, residents of apartment buildings install higher power bulbs (up to 200 W), which in turn provokes an increase in electricity consumption when the lighting in the entrances is turned on.
That is why it is recommended to install energy efficient sources Sveta. Today the market offers a range of the following energy-efficient light sources (ELS), which are used as lighting in entrances residential buildings: fluorescent lamps (which include CLE), LED lamps and lamps.
Fluorescent lamps have one significant drawback– they contain mercury vapor, so it is necessary to follow the rules for their disposal, and there is also a switch-on delay (the light bulb, as a rule, reaches the nominal luminous flux after a certain period of time). The service life of these devices for lighting in entrances is about 25 thousand hours, but in practice their service life is shorter due to the fact that tungsten electrodiodes often burn out. A switched-on light bulb heats up to sixty degrees, and when it is used as part of closed lamps, heat generation leads to overheating of the electronics and premature failure of the lamp. These devices do not have a warranty period. Also, you should not lose sight of the human factor: cases often arise when light bulbs are stolen by residents themselves in order to then use them to illuminate their own apartment.
LED lamps have one and only one significant drawback: high cost. But this price is justified due to economical energy consumption, even in comparison with CLE. But when you use this lamp in a standard lamp, the quality of light distribution on the illuminated surface may decrease, since it produces a narrow beam of light. So, it is advisable to install LED lamps in chandeliers.
If you are thinking about what to buy as a light source in the entrance - an LED lamp or a lamp, then it is better to give preference to the second option, since an LED lamp is subject to the same human factor and the possibility of overheating of electronics (as is the case with CLE).
The modern market offers two varieties LED lamps, which can be used for lighting in entrances: based on a driverless circuit, as well as using a driver. The main job of the driver is to convert the alternating current and high voltage of the primary circuit into a constant constant current and low voltage that is acceptable for powering the LEDs. Thanks to the reduced voltage of the secondary circuit, safety is ensured when carrying out electrical installation work on lighting in entrances.
A characteristic feature of the circuit without the use of a driver is that the lamp uses 2070 LEDs low power(up to 0.3 W), which are connected in series to power them high voltage(more than 70 V). Reliability of all technical systems is inversely proportional to the number of elements used. Burnout of any LED can disable the lamp in the entrance. There is no protection system.
The lack of a driver causes incorrect power supply to the LEDs, which in turn reduces the lamp life from 50 to 30 thousand hours. Another significant drawback of such a lamp is the high pulsation coefficient.
- Energy-efficient renovation of apartment buildings in Russia: myth or reality
Automatic lighting in the entrances of apartment buildings
Today, a wide variety of automatic systems lighting in entrances. Each entrance has its own lighting scheme, based on the location of the entrance, the number of floors of the building, the integrity of the homeowners and many other factors. Below we will take a closer look at the most common and successful options:
Option 1. Automatic lighting in entrances, controlled using push-button posts.
This method of controlling lighting in hallways is especially suitable for low-rise buildings where conscious citizens live, since this method makes it possible to save money. But how this will happen depends only on the residents of the entrance.
Its main advantage is its simplicity and cost, which is much more profitable than other options.
Thus, they highlight various ways lighting control in the entrance:
- The first option is represented by a push-button post located at the entrance to the entrance and on each floor. The process is as follows: a person enters the entrance and presses a button to turn on the light: due to this action, the lighting in the entire entrance is turned on. When entering the apartment, the button is used to turn off the lights - and the lighting goes out.
- Another option is to turn off the lighting using a push-button post, not in the entire entrance, but only on the flight of stairs. This method implies that the light is extinguished on each floor corridor separately under the influence of its own starter. This option is somewhat more economical, however, more complex and expensive to implement.
As a rule, push-button posts can be replaced with “pass-through” switch circuits. Electrical diagram in this case it will look much more complicated, but may save money. But such lighting is not suitable for everyone.
- The third method allows you to control lighting in basements, attics, as well as outdoor lighting from different points, which can be selected separately.
- In the case when in your apartment building You cannot rely on the conscientiousness of the residents; you can organize the switching off of the lighting in the entrances using an appropriate timer.
Option 2. Use of light sensors in entrances.
In the case where the entrance is well lit due to natural insolation, light sensors should be used. Of course, this option does not provide significant savings, however, it can be used as an alternative to the switch.
In order to this method to implement, simply install and configure one light sensor, which should be mounted in the darkest place of the entrance.
This device is activated in the dark, provides an impulse to turn on the light using a starter or through its own contacts. In this case, the lighting can work not only in the entrance, but also outside.
Light sensors are usually powered through a regular switch.
Option 3. Use of lighting motion sensors in entrances.
Automatic lighting in entrances is gradually becoming more popular. This option provides significant savings, and no action is required on the part of residents. The main factor in this matter is competent organization, taking into account the characteristics of the entrance.
In order to ensure the normal functioning of this circuit, it is necessary to install a sensor on each floor. Sometimes such a device is also installed at the entrance to the entrance. When a person enters the entrance, the sensor located at the entrance is automatically triggered. After which the lighting on the stairs and the 1st floor is turned on. If an elevator is installed in the apartment building, then an impulse is also given to illuminate the passage to the elevator. If necessary, the stairwell is also illuminated.
After the sensor is triggered, the countdown begins until the lighting in the entrance turns off. This time period is quite enough to slowly climb to the second floor.
In the case where there is no elevator in the house, a person goes up the stairs and finds himself within the range of sensors located on the second floor. This device is triggered and gives an impulse to turn on the lighting on the stairs and in the corridor of the 2nd floor. So, even after some time, the light on the stairs will not go out.
By the same analogy, lighting is turned on on other floors in the entrances of the apartment building.
In the case where elevator equipment is installed in the entrance, it will be somewhat more difficult to independently create an optimal lighting scheme for the entrance. This is only possible thanks to integration with elevator equipment. It is desirable that when the elevator call button is pressed, an impulse is given to turn on the lighting system. But this option is quite difficult to implement. It is much easier to connect lighting to a limit switch so that the elevator doors open automatically. However, this requires hiring specialists.
That is why the most often used scheme is to turn on the lighting in the entrance using a motion sensor when a person leaves the elevator.
Option 4. Combined lighting schemes for entrances.
As a rule, a combined method is used to illuminate entrances and basements. At the same time, the choice of lighting scheme in the entrances is influenced primarily by the assigned tasks and the type of room. Some lighting methods can be called universal, which are suitable for many rooms.
For example, a light sensor is the main option. When the light level drops, the device reacts and gives an impulse that turns on the main starter, which in turn powers the motion sensors and activates the lighting of the corridors, elevator, as well as insolation outside the house and evacuation lighting. The main lighting of entrances is provided by motion sensors, and in other rooms - by means of ordinary or walk-through switches.
- Repair of apartment building entrances: procedure and responsibility of the management company
Expert opinion
How to save money on lighting public areas
V.D. Shcherban,
Chairman of the HOA “Moskovskaya 117” (Kaluga)
In 2008, an electric meter was installed that takes into account the consumption of the entire volume of electricity spent on equipment located in public areas - from lighting of entrances, equipment of communication providers to automatic gates. Alternative options for MOP did not yet exist at that time. The equipment of communication providers was installed in the apartment building, and an agreement was concluded with them, according to which they had to pay for the electricity consumed. Motion sensors were installed in the entrances, and conventional incandescent lamps were replaced with energy-saving ones. Thus, there was a serious saving in costs for lighting of public areas - about 150 kW/h per month.
Who pays for lighting in hallways, and how is the amount determined?
By general house needs we mean a whole series services - from lighting in entrances and elevator operation to wet cleaning of premises and washing of engineering systems.
Previously, electricity consumption for general household needs was indicated in the receipt as a separate item and was called “ONE”, but in January 2017 this column was removed from the bills.
Today, there are 2 options for calculating payment for electricity consumption on one-stage power supply:
- If there is a common house meter.
In the case when a common house meter is installed in the apartment building, the common house needs are determined by Energonadzor employees and representatives of the house who were elected during general meeting residents. Then the difference between the values of the common building meter and the values of the metering devices of each apartment in a multi-story building is calculated. The calculation also takes into account residential square meters, which are not equipped with sensors.
The resulting indicator is distributed among all apartment owners according to the occupied area. Consequently, the larger the total area of the apartment, the more expensive the electricity supply unit costs the owner.
Pay attention to the formula that calculates the size of one electricity supply unit in the case when multi-storey building counter installed:
Electricity according to ODN = (Electricity meter indicators - Cumulative amount of electricity consumed in non-residential premises, which are not common property - The total amount of resource in each residential apartment where electricity meters are installed - The volume of electricity consumed in apartments where meters are not installed) × Total area of the apartment × Total area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
- In the absence of a common house meter.
If a multi-storey building does not have a common building electricity meter installed, then in this case the standard set by the regional administration is taken as the unit of payment. You can view this indicator on the region’s official website. The standard is a limit value, but in the case where residents' expenses exceed the established value, they may decide to pay a larger amount if they wish. Of course, such a thing real life doesn't happen.
The formula for calculating one electricity charge for multi-storey buildings that do not have a common building meter installed is as follows:
Volume of one unit = Electricity consumption standard established by the administration × Area of premises included in the common property × Total area of the apartment / Area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
Expert opinion
How to charge fees for general house needs according to the new rules
Olesya Leshchenko,
Executive Director of the Association of Management Organizations "Comfortable Home"
Lyubov Chesnokova,
editor-in-chief of the magazine "Management of Apartment Buildings"
There are 5 steps for calculating payment for one owner:
- Calculate the amount actually spent utility resources.
- Determine the standard amount of communal resource.
- The obtained indicators are compared and the largest of them is selected for subsequent calculation.
- Determine the cost of utility resources for the apartment building as a whole.
- The resulting amount is distributed among the apartment owners.
According to the Ministry of Construction, it is advisable to divide the fee among the owners of apartments in an apartment building in accordance with the area they occupy.
Initially, you can include payment for utilities for general house needs without a decision of the meeting of residents of the house (according to Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 No. 176-FZ).
Then you should carefully check that the list of services that the company performs and provides in an apartment building corresponds to the minimum list of works and services approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The consumption standards for each utility resource on the ODN are presented:
- regulatory technological losses of communal resources (inevitable and justified);
- the volume of utility resources consumed in case of fulfillment of the minimum list of services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
If the number of works and services provided in accordance with the contract MKD management exceed this minimum list, then it is necessary to organize a meeting of apartment owners in the apartment building to discuss an increase in the amount of payment for utility services in connection with exceeding the standards for the consumption of certain utility resources at the single apartment building.
Who replaces lighting in hallways?
When there is no lighting in the entrance, you can try to independently determine the cause of the breakdown.
There may be no lighting in the entrance due to:
- light bulb malfunction;
- damage to the ceiling;
- wiring shorts;
- breakage of switches;
- failure of the distribution board;
- accidents at the substation;
- carrying out scheduled work by electrical network specialists.
After you independently identify the cause of the problem or discover that there is no lamp in the entrance, replace it, or contact the HOA or management company.
Option 1. Independent replacement of lighting in the entrance.
You can replace a lamp or ceiling lamp in a stairwell yourself, but any other problem must be resolved only with the help of specialists.
To eliminate any such problem in the distribution panel, be sure to turn off the power supply.
Often, there may be no lighting in the entrance simply because the light bulb has burned out, or due to power surges. Also, in order to understand why there is no power supply, you should find out whether there is light in other entrances of your house and nearby buildings.
If you hear a crackling sound or smell a burning smell in the area of the switch or wiring, then you should urgently contact the electrical service.
In order to promptly provide lighting in the entrance, on the staircase, in the elevator, in the attic, technical floors and other common areas, residents should collectively solve the problem that has arisen. Neighbors can take turns changing the light bulbs in the entrance. This way you can save time, however, it is not a fact that all residents will conscientiously fulfill this obligation.
Option 2. Replacement of lighting in the entrance of the HOA or management company.
Sometimes, in order to solve this problem, residents of an apartment building write a corresponding application to the HOA or management company. The HOA is more efficient, since this partnership controls only one or a few houses, unlike management companies, which service dozens of apartment buildings, and sometimes you have to wait quite a long time for a replacement light bulb.
In both cases, the costs incurred in connection with the data technical work, paid by residents. The electricity bill also includes intercom operation, pumping stations and other electrical appliances that are common property. In cases where tenants live in some apartments, this service is paid minus the amount of money that was charged to the landlords.
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Thus, if residents have a problem with lighting in the entrance for the reason that a light bulb has burned out, then they have every right to demand a replacement from their management company, because if in the dark one of the owners gets injured in the entrance, then the fault will be entirely lie with the management company.
In the event that the HOA or management authority refuse to fulfill their direct responsibilities or ignore the statements of the residents, then you should contact them with a collective complaint and try again to resolve this issue with lighting in the entrance. In the event that the repeated appeal remains unanswered, the owners have the right to take more stringent measures against the HOA or management company. In order to resolve the current situation, they need to file a complaint with local authorities. And if the issue cannot be resolved peacefully, then you can go to court and demand compensation for moral damage from the management company.
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What are the possible consequences for the management company if there is no lighting in the entrances?
In accordance with the letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2007, the rules for maintaining common areas in apartment buildings mean maintenance and repair work of electric networks of apartment buildings, as well as lamps. This mainly means performing work aimed at creating favorable conditions to supply electricity to the MOS.
In accordance with Appendix No. 4 of the “List of works on the maintenance of MKD”, the list of these works aimed at maintaining MKD is presented by eliminating any minor malfunction of electrical appliances (from wiping light bulbs, changing burnt-out lamps in common areas to replacing and repairing sockets and switches and small electrical wiring repairs, etc.).
Appendix No. 1 to Resolution No. 170 of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation talks about conducting a scheduled and partial inspection by the management company, as well as the subsequent replacement of burnt-out light bulbs (with starters) with the regularity that is pre-determined in the MKD management agreement.
In addition, Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 provides for the fact that residents of apartment buildings have the right to submit an appropriate application for the elimination of a particular malfunction of engineering equipment and structures. Applications are subject to consideration on the same day when they are received by the Administrative Office, and no later than the next day, the problem with lighting in the entrance must be eliminated. In a situation where the elimination of a particular malfunction requires a long time or the replacement of a spare part that is not currently available, the residents of the apartment building must certainly be notified about the circumstances that have arisen. The same scheme should be used to process requests received by telephone or dispatch communication system.
Each management company is obliged to keep records of accepted applications to eliminate problems with lighting in the entrance, as well as malfunctions of engineering and technical equipment in residential premises and other elements of apartment buildings and ensure strict quality control and deadlines for fulfilling these obligations of the management company.
According to Appendix No. 2 to the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 on maximum terms troubleshooting in case of unscheduled repair work individual elements of the MKD and their engineering and technical equipment; troubleshooting the lighting system in the entrance (implying the replacement of an electric lamp, fluorescent lamp, switch and structural element lamp) must be carried out within 7 days after receipt of the corresponding application from the residents of the apartment building to the MA.
The management company is responsible for the maintenance of the MNP, including the obligation to monitor the serviceability of lighting in the entrances of the MKD. Therefore, the management company must replace burnt out lamps if necessary. It is important to understand that lighting faults in the entrances should be identified and eliminated both as a result of a scheduled inspection carried out by the management authority (according to the schedule for carrying out these works approved by the Criminal Code), and on the basis of an application received from the residents of the apartment building to eliminate the damage.
If the management company does not eliminate faults in the lighting system at the entrance (including not replacing a burnt-out light bulb), which were identified as a result of a routine inspection or on the basis of an application received from apartment building residents, after 7 days after the corresponding application was received by the management company, this is a violation for which the management company can be brought to justice administrative responsibility.
According to Article 7.22 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for violation established rules Responsibility is provided for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings. On officials, who are responsible for the maintenance of apartment buildings, in case of violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings, an administrative fine is imposed in the amount of 4 to 5 thousand rubles, and legal entities- from forty to fifty thousand rubles.
The State Housing Inspectorate (SHI) is authorized to monitor the rights and interests of apartment building residents and the state in the process of providing housing and utility services to citizens. GZHI specialists and city administration employees draw up appropriate protocols in case of detection of administrative violations under Article 7.22 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
