Walkthroughs were created for convenient lighting control in long corridors, on stairs, in passage rooms and in other places. They are installed between floors, when going down to the basement, near the doors of rooms that have several entrances. While in your home, it is convenient to switch utility rooms. Or control lights on the porch and garden. The pass-through switch makes it possible to control lighting from different places, saving people from inconvenience. This also saves electricity.
A regular switch contains a two-position key and a pair of contacts. Wires are connected to them. In contrast, the built-in switch pass-through switch consists of three contacts: one common and two changeover. Each of them is also connected to a wire. To control lighting from several places, for example from two, a 4-pin switching device is required. In addition, there must be one wire connection to each. Thus, you can control not only lighting, but also any other electrical appliances, although installation of the circuit becomes more complicated.
How does a single key switch work?
The principle of operation is that a changeover contact opens one circuit, and at the same time closes another. The connection diagram for the pass-through switch is always on its reverse side. One of the contacts is common (1), and the other two are changeover (2, 3). From two such devices located in different places, you can assemble the simplest and most common circuit for controlling a lamp from two different points.
Terminals 2 and 3 of switches PV1 and PV2 matching in number are connected to each other by wiring. Input part 1 from PV1 is connected to the phase, and PV2 is connected to the lamp. The other end of the lamp is connected to the neutral power wire. How the pass-through switch circuit works is tested by turning it on. To begin with, voltage is applied. In this case, the lamp sequentially lights up or goes out when any of the switches is switched independently. If the circuit of one of them is broken, the circuit stops working. But at the same time, another line is being prepared to turn on.
How to connect a simple pass-through switch?
Before installation, you should draw a diagram of all connections.
First, (RK) is installed. All wires will be collected and connected in it. Power is supplied here from the control panel. To do this, a three-core cable 3 x 1.5 mm is laid. It is the most common for all connection schemes. Here, two wires are power supply, and the third is for grounding electrical appliances. In addition, 2 socket boxes are installed in which the switches will be placed. Three-core cables are laid from each glass and from the lamp to the RK.
Once all the wires and cables are in place, connections are made. First, the phase L wire is connected between the output of the machine and the input of PV1 (No. 1). Then the corresponding output contacts (2-2, 3-3) of the switches are connected to each other. Next, they are installed in the socket box. Two cartridge terminals to input PV2 (No. 1) and to the blue neutral wire from the control panel. If it is supplied from its output contact, if single-pole - from the zero bus. The end of the grounding conductor is insulated. Or it is connected to the lamp body if it is metal.
When all connections are completed, the light bulb is screwed into the socket. Then the circuit of the pass-through switch is checked by turning on the machine in the panel. The lamp may light up immediately. Or after turning on PV1 or PV2. You can turn it off by pressing the key of any of the switches. Important! The switches do not have fixed “on” and “off” positions.
Cross switch
Connecting pass-through switches in three places requires additional installation of a device with cross-connection of contacts. It consists of 2 single-key devices with internal jumpers, assembled in one housing.
A cross switch (CS) is installed between two conventional ones. It only applies to them. His distinctive feature is the presence of four terminals (2 inputs and 2 outputs). To control from four points, you need to add another such device to the circuit. The PP should be connected to the changeover contacts of the pass-through switches in such a way that a working power supply circuit for the lamp is created.
Complex contact groups require a large number of wires and connections. It is preferable to assemble several simple circuits. They work reliably and are easy to use. Pay attention! All main connections are made in junction boxes. No twists should be made on the supply wires.
Which model should you choose?
Which pass-through switch to use depends primarily on the type of wiring. For open ones, overhead models are selected. Under the hidden you will need socket boxes. Should choose suitable sizes so that they can be connected to each other. It is important to install the regular and crossover switches with the same appearance. Devices can be rotary, keyboard, lever, touch. Contacts are selected for the appropriate load. Switching should be easy. The devices must be securely fastened.
Installation of a three-point switching system
To do this you need to do the following:
- Draw a wiring diagram.
- Mark and drill grooves and recesses for wiring and boxes.
- Install distribution parts. They are chosen large sizes so that 12 connections can be made inside.
- Install socket boxes.
- Lay the cable from the panel to the connection points.
- Connect the wires to the switches and terminals in the boxes. Label the wires. Assemble the circuit sequentially, checking the correct connections.
- Place the switches in their places.
Connecting pass-through two-key switches
The device consists of 2 single-key independent switches. They are collected in one building. They work on the same principle of transferring contacts. But at the same time, the number of inputs is 2, and the number of outputs is 4. The difference is that the 2 switches are located at different points. Their keys work for different lamps.
Installation of two-key switches for control from two places
The sequence of actions should be like this:
- A diagram is drawn up, without which it is difficult to make connections.
- Distribution boxes and socket boxes are installed.
- 2 lighting groups are installed.
- Three-core cables are laid based on connection to the 6 contacts of each switch and to the lamps.
- According to the drawn up diagram, the cable cores are connected in the junction box, to the lamp sockets and to the switches.
The two-key pass-through switch can be replaced with a circuit of four single-key switches. But it will be irrational. Since more junction boxes will be required and cable consumption will increase.
Control of two lighting systems from three places
A two-key pass-through switch can be a cross switch. It is installed as a kit. That is, it also includes two two-key limit switches if you need to control the lighting from three points. It will have 4 inputs and 4 outputs.
Installation is carried out as follows:
- To install the circuit, a standard box with a diameter of 60 mm is not enough. Therefore, its size should be larger. Or you need to install 2-3 pieces in series. ordinary.
- There are 12 wire connections for connection. To do this, you will need to lay 4 three-core cables. Here you should correctly mark the cores. Two limit switches have 6 contacts each, and the cross switch has 8 contacts.
- A phase is connected to PV1. Then you need to make the necessary connections. On the back of the device there is a diagram of a two-key pass-through switch. It must be correctly combined with external connections.
- PV2 is connected from lamps.
- The four outputs of PV1 are connected to the inputs of the cross switch, and then its outputs are connected to the 4 inputs of PV2.
Conclusion
The pass-through switch is convenient. No extra walking up stairs or long corridors is required to turn a light bulb on or off. Sometimes it is simply necessary. In addition, energy is saved due to fast switching. It is important to choose the right devices and correctly install electrical connections.
For a long corridor or on stairs, it can be inconvenient to turn on the lighting, since part of the way you have to walk in complete darkness. The simplest solution is to use pass-through switches in different places. If even more switches are required, cross switches are used. The through ones use three contacts, and the crossover ones use four contacts. Thanks to such switches, one of the lines can be closed.
To control lighting from several places, lighting devices are connected to a control point. For this purpose, single-key and two-key cross switches are used. Let's look at each of them in more detail.
Cross Switch Connection
Unlike most control units that use three contacts, the crossover switch only has four contacts. In this design you can turn two contacts on or off at once. Because of this, the lines through which power is supplied are immediately closed or opened. The diagram clearly shows how the cross switch works. There is nothing complicated in this scheme.
Connection diagram
Unlike crossover switches, pass-through switches can be used independently. Cross switches must be used together with pass-throughs. In the diagrams they are designated the same.
These two models are presented as two connected single-gang switches. Their contacts are connected by special jumpers. In this design you can do everything yourself.
There are two types of switches, differing in their operating mechanism:
- Key.
- Turning.
Swivel thanks rotary mechanism closes the contacts. Unlike key switches rotary ones cost twice as much, and their design options varied.
Depending on the installation option, there are two types:
- Invoices.
- Built-in.
Overlays are installed on the wall surface. Installing this type of switch eliminates the need to install an additional unit inside the wall. This installation option is convenient because no need to prepare walls for laying wires. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting that the type of installation is subject to physical and environmental influences.
Built-in switches are installed inside the wall. They are used when laying wires in all types of buildings. Before you start installing them, you need to make a small hole in the wall, and the hole should match the size of the built-in switch.
Connecting a pass-through switch
On stairs and in long corridors, pass-through switches are often used, so you can control the lighting from different places. Thanks to the pass-through switch, a person can walk in an illuminated corridor or garage.
When using pass-through switches, the wire with the phase must be connected to two switches connected to each other by a wire, and the neutral wire is connected to the lighting fixture. When two contacts on two two-key switches are closed, the circuit is completed and current begins to flow to the light bulb. To open the circuit, just press the button of any switch.
Peculiarities:
- To connect it, you must use a four-wire cable. Instead of a four-core cable, you can use two cables with two cores each, and they must have good insulation. But using such cables is irrational.
- The switch can be anything. You can use one-key or two-key. It is recommended to install it only when you need to turn off the lights from different places. The classic pass-through option is used in other cases.
- The intermediate switch is mounted in places where wires are distributed throughout the room.
- This design has one advantage: it is wear-resistant. This is explained by the use of alloy steel as jumpers.
How should I connect a double crossover switch?
Let's take a closer look at how legrand is installed. Before you start install double switch legrand, it is necessary to create a plan for future work. Thanks to this, it will be possible to calculate the amount of cable. After creating the plan, it is necessary to make channels in the walls for the future cable.
Let's look at how a paired and pass-through switch is connected:
- First, a standard scheme using pass-through models is used. It is necessary to stretch the neutral wire from the switchboard to the junction box. From the junction box the cable is connected to the lighting fixture;
- Then you need to stretch the phase wire from the shield. From the distribution box it is supplied not to the lighting fixture, but to the switch contacts;
- In the distribution box, all contacts are connected in series. The wire with the phase is connected to the crossover switch, and it is located between several pass-through switches.
- Then, from the last pass-through switch, the common contact is connected to the lighting device. After the cable pulling is completed, the junction box is installed. It can be installed on a wall or inside a wall.
In the presented circuit, a pulse is simultaneously transferred to a pair of contact groups. Although this connection is very simple and convenient, it is rarely used by electricians, as they believe that two pass-through models are more reliable.
Conclusion
The circuit must necessarily use pass-through models. The only exception is when it is necessary to change the polarity. The presented system for turning on lighting from different places is very simple. The main thing is to mark the wires and not mix up the wire contacts. Two-button switches are most often used indoors.
A switch and a switch are electrical devices that are designed to perform similar functions. However, these devices have fundamental differences from each other.
What is a switch
The switch is designed for electrical circuit interruption. With its help, lighting devices are controlled. Such products operate in on and off mode. Accordingly, they perform two functions - turning on the lighting or electrical device and turning it off. The simplest example of a product is a switch with one key, which can be found in any room that is illuminated by electric lighting devices.
Product closes an electrical circuit and is a means for controlling lighting.
What is a switch
Such devices are used for switching electrical circuit contacts. Their work is expressed in the transfer of contacts and the creation of a new electrical circuit. In appearance, the switch is very similar to a switch. However, these devices have different number contacts.
So, a standard switch has three contacts, and a switch has six. In the on position, the device closes the first and second contacts. And when switched to the off position, the third and first contacts close. Thus, talking about the off position can be very conditional. The switch is always on.
Differences
These devices differ in operating principle, so they are used in different situations. Among the most characteristic features switches and switches, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- The switch is characterized by the presence only two contacts. Its work is expressed in connecting and disconnecting an electrical circuit. This is how the light is turned on and off. Meanwhile, the switch has more advanced capabilities. It is capable of connecting and disconnecting an electrical circuit, that is, performing the functions of a switch. But in addition to this, the switch can also create a new electrical circuit. This is achieved due to the presence of three contacts.
- Switches are installed in the appropriate rooms and are used to turn on or off lighting fixtures that are located in the same room. At the same time, using switches, you can control the same lighting fixture from several places. An example is the control of lamps in a corridor. When entering the corridor, you can use the switch to turn on the light. And after walking along it and finding yourself at the end of the corridor, using another switch you can turn off the light.
- In order to be able to turn on or off lighting from three or even more different points, you should use the so-called pass-through switches. In this case, one single-key switch should be installed closer to the beginning and to the end of the electrical circuit. And between them you can install any number of transition switches.
So the switch is more functional product. It is great for situations where there is quite a lot of light large space. This could be a long corridor or several flights of stairs. Thanks to the capabilities of switches, it will be possible to control the operation of lighting fixtures along the entire electrical circuit from anywhere.
Moreover, such places can be determined by the customer himself when performing electrical installation work. That is, it will be possible to create a simple, reliable and comfortable lighting control system. At the same time fundamental difference Switches and switches consist precisely in the number of contacts. This value and provides greater useful capabilities of switches.
What are the similarities
Despite serious differences, these devices have many and common features. Among them, the main ones should be indicated:
- They are designed to control lighting and electrical devices.
- These products have several types. They can be installed indoors and outdoors.
- There are models with waterproof housings. They are the ones intended for street installation, as they are adapted to various weather conditions.
So the switch has more complex design and more useful features than a switch. At the same time, they are not inferior to switches in durability and design.
If for some reason there is a need to turn on/off lighting from different places in the corridor or room, then optimal solution there will be a walk-through switch: what it is, how it works, possible connection diagrams and application options - all this must be understood so that its use is as efficient as possible, and its connection is the least expensive.
What is a pass-through switch and how does it work?
It would be more correct to call this device a switch - it is a switch for users rather out of habit, since it is used to turn lighting on and off. If you call it correctly, then it is much easier to understand how it differs from standard switches - this name most fully reflects the essence of its effect on a working electrical circuit.
Additional names are changeover, duplicating or cross switch.
Like a standard switch, a walk-through switch has only two positions, but the fundamental difference is that in a conventional device it is strictly defined, for example, up is on, and down is off, but with a walk-through switch these sides are constantly changing.
The principle of operation of a pass-through switch becomes clearest when comparing electrical diagrams– between it and the standard device, which is shown in the figure:
If a regular one in an open state simply breaks the circuit, then in the case of a pass-through one it all depends on the position of two switches at once:
From the diagram it is clear that each of the switches must have three terminals - one for the phase that comes from the power source and two for the “control” wires. When either of the two switches changes position, the circuit either closes or opens, depending on what state it was in before.
Additionally, we can formulate one more difference between a switch and a switch - the latter can always be connected as a simple switch, but doing the opposite will not work.
Important! When repairing such a circuit, it must be taken into account that one of the wires between the switches is always live.
Where is the pass-through switch used?
Most ordinary people are not aware that, in addition to the usual one, there is also a walk-through switch - they usually find out what it is either in advance from electricians, if a competent specialist does the wiring, or when over time they have to start actively wondering how one lamp can be turned on from different places.
The need to use a pass-through switch most often arises in large rooms, long straight and curved corridors, as well as in flights of stairs and corridors.
The advantage of using them is the ability to turn lamps and other electrical appliances on and off not only from two, but from an unlimited number of places - it all depends on the number of switches. An example of a case where such a solution needs to be applied could be stairs to the second or third floor of a house - they usually require additional lighting, especially when located on a load-bearing wall.
It is clear that when there is only one switch here, then having turned on the light and going upstairs, it will no longer be possible to turn it off. Alternatively, you can install two lighting sources, but you will have to run up and down the stairs - turn on the light at the bottom, go upstairs, turn on the top one, go downstairs, turn off the bottom one and go up again.
Motion sensors can also be a way out of the situation, but they will also have to be installed on each floor, and the cost of such devices is higher than switches. You also need to take into account that they do not always work correctly - sometimes in order for the light to come on, you will have to not only walk up the stairs, but also step left or right. This solution is also not suitable for those who are used to manually turning the light on and off when they need it, and not the sensor.
Besides the corridors, large premises and outdoors, pass-through switches can be installed in the bedroom so that you can go to bed in the light and only then turn it off.
Types of pass-through switches and symbols on diagrams
Depending on how and where you plan to use such switches, their corresponding varieties will be used:
For installation in the thickness of the wall and on its surface - in the second case, such switches are most often used for open wiring in wooden houses.
Wires to the switch terminals can be attached bolted connection or spring clamps. The second option is considered more preferable, since its use does not weaken the connection over time.
You can turn on several lamps from one place - for this they make double, triple, etc. switch models.
If there is a need to turn on lighting from three or more points, then for two walk-through points it is necessary to additionally purchase crossover (reversible) switches - according to the number of places from which the lighting will need to be turned on.
The type of control does not differ from conventional ones - they can be keyboard, touch, or with a remote control.
All types of pass-through switches in the diagrams are drawn with the same schematic designation - essentially the same as for standard ones, but turned in both directions.
In order to make the final choice, you need to understand exactly where and how these switches will be used.
Connecting a pass-through switch
Since more wires are used to operate a circuit with a pass-through switch, the connection in the junction box will look more complicated - it will appear additional elements. Initially, phase and zero from the power source enter the box. The neutral wire goes directly through the connection to the lamp, and the phase wire goes to the first switch. Further in the switch it is divided into two lines and both of them return to the box, where they go through a connection to the second switch, after which again one wire enters the junction box and goes through the last connection to the lamp.
It would be possible to save on wires by running “control” branches directly from one switch to another, but a competent electrician will never do this for a number of reasons:
Connecting through a box is the most correct from the point of view of creating electrical circuits.
In the event of a breakdown, another electrician will be able to call, determine the fault and repair the wiring without additional searches.
This scheme simplifies the installation of the third, fourth, etc. switch, if necessary.
As a result, a high-quality connection will be made only through a junction box.
Scheme for connecting three or more switches
From the above diagram it is clear that pass-through switches can only be used in pairs - a third similar device cannot be connected in the same way. This problem is solved by using a so-called cross or reversing switch - outwardly it looks like a regular one, but unlike a pass-through switch, it has not two or three, but four terminals.
Its purpose is to swap the connected wires when switching. For example, if we number the terminals, then let the input terminals be 1 and 2, and the output terminals 3 and 4, respectively. The current through one wire can be supplied to terminal 1 and passing through the switch to terminal 3, and through the second to enter terminal 2 and output through terminal 4. After switching, the current is still supplied to terminal 1, but is output through terminal 4, and if it goes to terminal 2, it will be output through terminal 3. An unlimited number of such devices can be used in the circuit. The principle of their operation is shown in the figure:
For clarity, the circuit is shown in the on state, but it is clear from it that if you change the position of any of their pass-through or reversing switches, the circuit will open. If, for example, this is the first reversible, then the current will flow through the circuit as follows:
The lamp will not light up, since the circuit at the second pass-through switch will be open. Again, it is clear that now again it is enough to change the position of any of the switches for the circuit to close and the lamp to light up.
The general disadvantages of this connection method are: high wire consumption and installation complexity. It is especially easy for an inexperienced technician to get confused in the connections of wires in the junction box, because their number grows in proportion to the number of switches used.
Each subsequent switch adds four wires to the box and two twists between them.
In fact, it’s not all that scary - even three or four switches are rarely used, let alone more.
The operation of the pass-through and reversing switches is clearly shown in the video:
Conclusion
From the above diagrams it is clear how a pass-through switch works and what options there are for connecting it - if you have minimal skills in working with electrical equipment, anyone can handle its installation home handyman. If you have no experience working with wiring, then it is better to entrust such switches to professionals - still this is not the most simple circuit, even despite its apparent simplicity.
If you are a true connoisseur of comfortable living, then you also need crossover and pass-through switches, such as, for example, soft sofa or TV remote control.
At the same time, the parameters of your home do not matter at all: and in small apartment, and in a multi-storey cottage you can successfully use this kind of switches. So, let's take a closer look at those electrical products that can increase the comfort of your home.
In fact, pass-through switches are not switches in the usual sense; rather, they are switches. According to external design and internal structure, and also itself is no different from ordinary ones.
However, differences are still present. Thus, a single-key pass-through switch has three contacts, unlike a conventional switch, which is equipped with only two contacts. Thus, with the appropriate connection, using pass-through switches, it is possible to turn on/off lighting from two or more points.
If you need to turn off one light fixture or a whole group of such fixtures from more than two places, then you can use a cross switch to solve this problem. With its help, it is possible to control lighting from three or more points at once.
Structurally, the switch has four terminals, which are located on the back side of the device and are intended for connection to it electrical wires. In this case, two electrical lines pass through such a switch, the switching of which is carried out “crosswise”.
Thus, when you press one key, two contacts are switched, which do not have an electrical connection with each other.
These switches can be used, for example, in long corridors where there are quite a lot of doors, on multi-storey staircases, in halls with more than two entrances and, finally, in a simple room, so that you can turn on the lighting from anywhere in the room without leaving your seat.
For example, cross switches installed on both sides of the bed so that both husband and wife can turn off the light with their own separate switch.
Pass-through switches, as a rule, are sold in pairs since it makes no sense to buy one switch (unless one of the workers fails).
Installation of a pass-through switch
It should be noted that it is advisable to provide for the installation of such switches during the construction process or during overhaul apartments in order to lay the electrical wiring in advance, because upon completion finishing works Laying the cable will be quite problematic.
In order to install the pass-through switch, it is first necessary to install the mounting box in the required location. First, you should unscrew the screws from it and carefully break out the plugs of the holes for supplying electrical wires.
Then you can proceed directly to the installation. At the beginning of work, you need to make sure that the mounting box moves freely in the niche previously hollowed out for it. Next you will need to prepare a solution from building gypsum(alabaster), mixing it with water until medium thickness is obtained.
Using a narrow spatula, a small amount of this solution is placed in the hollowed out niche and a small amount of the solution is applied to the outer back of the box. After this, the box is carefully inserted into the niche, installing it so that the edge of the box is in the same plane as the wall surface.
If necessary, in order to ensure the strongest possible fixation of the box, add alabaster mortar. Now there is some free time until the plaster hardens completely.
During this time, you can clean the ends of the electrical wires, removing 5-7 mm of insulation from them. It should be noted that the total length of free wires should not exceed 10 centimeters. This is due to the fact that an excessively long wire will not allow the switch to be placed in the box, while an excessively short wire will be problematic to work with.
How to fix a pass-through switch in a socket box
Before installing the switch in the installation box, it must be disassembled. In most cases, to do this, it is enough to remove the key (or keys, if the switch is double or triple), carefully prying it off with a flat-head screwdriver.
Next you need to remove the clamp holding the top cover. After removing the cover, you can connect electrical wires to the switch, for which the stripped ends are inserted into the technological sockets and secured with a locking screw.
After connection and installation of a pass-through switch will be completed, it is necessary to secure it well in the installation box. This is done using special levers provided on the switch, as well as using screws previously unscrewed from the mounting box.
If you plan to wallpaper the walls in the future, then there is no point in replacing the switch keys; it is more advisable to carry out this operation after completing the “wallpapering” work.
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Is it possible to turn on/off full lighting on the stairs from any floor? Easily! For this you need pass-through switches.
You entered a long corridor, turned on the light; walked along it to the exit, turned off the lights... How did this happen?
Current switching is carried out using pass-through switches, so you can control the same luminaire from different places.
The pass-through switch looks similar to a regular one. Moreover, it can work like a regular switch if you connect two wires to it: input and output.
The difference between a pass-through and a simple switch is that a pass-through switch is, in essence, a switch.
It transmits the voltage supplied to the input to one of the outputs; when switched back on, voltage from one of the two inputs is transmitted to one output.
Fig.1. Switch and pass-through switch diagrams
In order to switch luminaires from different points, assemble a circuit using the following devices:
- Pass-through switch
- Cross switch
- Two-key pass-through switch
- Two-key skew switch
Using one pass-through switch, you can switch the light between two bulbs, or turn one on and off.
What's happened pass-through switch, 3-point connection diagram?
This is not one device, but a circuit of several - we will talk about this later.
First, let's look at how to organize control of one light bulb using two pass-through switches installed at different ends of a long corridor.
Connection diagram for a pass-through switch with 2 places
Consider the diagram in Figure 2.
When the switches are in the position shown, the light is on. If you click any switch, it will go out. But the most important thing is this: if you then flip any switch, the light will come on again. A very simple scheme allows you to solve the problem: how to turn off the lights on the second floor by turning them on on the first; how to turn on the light when entering the bedroom and turn it off when lying in bed.
Fig. 2 Diagram of turning the light on and off from two points
Three-point light switching diagram
The previous section discussed turning electricity on and off from two points: the circuit is very simple.
Well, what if you need to turn the light on and off from three points?
This problem arises when trying to save light in multi-storey building and do not walk on stairs in the dark. There is nothing complicated about this. But you will need an additional switch, and not a pass-through switch, but a cross switch.
Rice. 3 Cross switch circuit
Using a crossover switch, phase can be transferred from any input to any output, and the circuit between any input-output pair can be interrupted.
Using a cross switch and two pass-through switches, you can assemble a light on/off circuit from those points, for example, on a staircase in a three-story house:
Fig. 4 Light on/off diagram from three points
Figure 4 shows the position of the switches at which the light is on.
By clicking a key on any of those switches, we turn off the light. After this, press a key on any switch and the light will turn on.
What if there are not three floors, but five or six?
You can assemble a circuit so that the light will turn on and off from any floor.
You always need only two pass-through switches: at the beginning and the end of the chain. Cross switches are placed between them. An example diagram for a four-story staircase is shown in Fig. 5.
Rice. 5. Four-point light on/off circuit
Armed with a pencil and paper, you can draw different options and make sure that pressing any key on any switch leads to a change in the situation: the light that was on goes out, and if the light was turned off, it lights up.
This wonderful circuit can grow by adding more crossover switches.
No matter how many crossover switches there are with four contacts, there should only be two pass-through switches: at the beginning and at the end.
Connection diagram for a two-key pass-through switch
The circuits shown in the previous sections can be characterized as follows: one light bulb and many switches, or rather pass-through and cross switches.
403 Forbidden
These devices are similar to regular switches and have one key.
But it's on sale checkpoints two-gang switches, connection diagram which in Fig. 6,
as well as crossover two-key switches. These devices are used if you need to control two lamps independently of each other.
Fig. 6 Switches for turning two light bulbs on and off
It is necessary to distinguish between controlling several light bulbs that light up and go out synchronously, and those that can be turned on independently of each other.
In the first case, use pass-through switch, connection diagram for 1 key, in the second case, two-key ones are needed.
Single-key pass-through switches can switch two, three, four light bulbs connected in parallel; limitation is imposed permissible current, which can be switched by contacts.
Two-key switches are two independent switches in one housing.
They can switch two independent groups of light bulbs. Switch connection diagrams are two independent chains, each of which controls its own lamp or group of lamps.
Pass-through switch connection diagram for 2 keys
Switching of two lamps, in which it is used Schneider pass-through switch, connection diagram shown in Fig.
7.
Rice. 7. On/off circuit for 2 light bulbs from 3 points.
Two-key switches require careful handling. If, when you press a single key, the light either lights up or goes out (depending on the current state), then in a two-key device each key is responsible for switching its own group of lamps.
Transit corridor switch
To enable, disable two point lighting corridor switch. Buy and install them in pairs. After entering the mind short circuit very similar to the regular one, but most of them include a key or change two triangles. By the way, with the help of a switch they can be used instead of the usual one, the prices are about the same.
Switch switch it has three connectors - an input (centered) (sometimes close to the input arrow) and two switches (one key connects to the input terminal to the input jack, and the other to the other).
The photo on the left shows the switching on and off with backlight (bottom view). On the right is the transfer switch.
Please take this into account: Connecting terminals to switches from different manufacturers is installed differently and has different labels and labels. Before connecting the required continuity, determine where the input terminal is (bottom photo labeled L) and where it turns off (labeled by arrows in the image below).
You can connect two terminals to each terminal.
Switching method is different from usual
Sound for the wire - two entrance holes. The painting is surrounded by black.
The picture on the left shows the pass-through switch from above with the key removed and the right view from below. "L" is the input terminal, arrows indicate output/switched. On double switch the front (front) has two keys, the last three clips have one input and two outputs.
On the pass, the front has one key, and the last has three clips - one in and two out.
For comparison, you can see a regular two-button switch. The view from below is almost the same as the entrance.
Verbal description of the circuit for connecting the switch:
- The input phase wire is connected to the nearest input contact.
- The switching switches of the first switch are connected to the switching contacts of the other.
The order of the links does not matter. Often, near the switch contacts, draw arrows pointing outward.
- From the central contact of the second switch, the wire enters the lamp holder, its central contact.
- From the contact side of the lamp holder, the wire runs to the neutral electrical wire.
Below are the link diagrams for various options components: with box and without control.
Special free artboards are now available for the unpackaged version of the assembly
There is also a significantly different approach to multi-person control lamps.
It consists of using a special relay. And instead of a switch, place a button (it can't look anything other than appearance castle). If you press any button, the lamp voltage will be turned on or off.
Created: 20:14:07 Registration date: 06/10/2012 | Updated: 07:49:28
Changing a switch is a fairly common problem that almost everyone has to deal with. You need to know the basic nuances of connecting the switch and operating features.
Key points for choosing a switch
It is best to purchase switches in specialized stores that have enough large assortment in order to choose the best option.
Thus, you will certainly be able to choose good product both in design and functionality. In the store you can usually find high-quality branded switches from the best manufacturers.
When purchasing a switch for electrical wiring general purpose, in which the voltage level is 250 V and the load is 10 A, you need to make sure that it corresponds state standards. The product must bear the quality mark of the country that is the manufacturer.
For example, if the switch was manufactured in Russia, then it must have the Rostest badge on it.
It is necessary to pay attention to what level of current and voltage the switch is designed for. For example, products with metal-ceramic contacts containing silver can operate reliably at currents of up to 4 A.
It is imperative to find out the number of poles and switching circuits. You should also pay attention to the design of the switch mechanism and its housing.
For example, a single-key switch for hidden electrical wiring has distinctive features in a design that provides for connecting wires after fixing the switch itself into a socket on the wall.
The single-key switch can be open-mounted. It is customary to mount it on special wooden supports.
It is attached with a pair of screws. If the switch will be installed in a place where there is a risk of moisture getting inside, then you need to take into account the fact that such switches are splash-proof.
When you select the model that has the optimal characteristics, you need to check how soft the keys will work. To do this, you just need to press a key. Everything should function quite smoothly. There should be no snags or squeaks.
Finally, you need to pay attention to the build quality.
Installing a pass-through switch can be used where traditional lighting control is not very practical or convenient. For example, you can mark long corridors, flights of stairs and other similar places. Usually they use unique single-gang switches, which are equipped with three contacts.
They implement a special connection scheme. While this device is operating electrical circuit does not break, but switches between a pair of output type contacts.
Single-key pass-through switch
When choosing a pass-through switch, you need to evaluate the modification of the device. It may differ depending on the specific wiring, which in turn can be open or closed.
When purchasing, it is worth considering the main characteristics of the device, because the contacts are usually designed for different loads and currents.
Differences between a traditional switch and a pass-through switch
The key difference between these products is the presence of a special mechanism in the pass-through switch. With its help, normal switching between three contacts is ensured. The operation of a pass-through switch is based on the ability to switch, and not on a simple interruption of the electrical circuit.
Connection diagram for pass-through switch
Connection diagram for pass-through switch
From all this follows the main advantage of pass-through switches.
It consists in the fact that you can turn on lighting fixtures from two or more points. Previously it was said that such devices can be installed on flights of stairs or in long corridors. You can, for example, turn on the staircase lighting on the first floor, and turn it off on the second.
Pass-through devices can also be installed in a regular bedroom.
For example, one can be installed near the door, and the other directly next to the bed. Such switches can also be used on personal plots, when the need to illuminate the paths is urgent dark time days.
Installation of a single-key switch
When you need to replace an old switch that has broken down, such work will take very little time. Usually there are no particular difficulties during this process.
But, if we are talking about arranging a new circuit in a private house or apartment, then the work can be very complex.
Installation of a distribution box for a specific lighting group
Before work, it is imperative to check that the power is turned off.
If you need to create a new circuit, conduct new wiring, then you need to decide in advance what kind of circuit it will be, that is, closed or open. Of course, with open wiring there will be fewer problems because it can be laid along the surface of the building.
A surface mounted switch can be used for this type of wiring.
But if you want to do hidden wiring, then you will have to use quite serious equipment for gating walls. In this case, the switch is installed in a box that is mounted into the wall.
If a new circuit is being installed and a junction box will be installed, then six wires need to be installed. Two of them will go to the lamp, a couple will go to the switch, and two more will be power supplies.
After inserting each wire into junction box You need to use an ohmmeter to determine the condition of the wires.
Connection diagram for pass-through switch
You need to find a neutral working conductor that connects directly to the lamp wire. The phase conductor is connected to the wire that goes to the switch. The two wires that remain must be connected to each other.
Installation of surface-mounted switch
The installation process is quite simple, because there is no need to groove the walls or install a mounting box.
The size is the only disadvantage of an external single-key switch.
Category: Switches and sockets
Very often we encounter misunderstandings among Buyers regarding the differences between switches and switches. It is also not entirely clear what kind of pass-through, intermediate and cross switches and “two-way” switches these are.
Let's figure out what the difference is between these devices.
We will try to write in a language accessible to everyone, so we ask you in advance not to find fault with the writing style, terms, etc.
Switch
Switch - a device, usually having two contacts, which, when turned on, connects the contacts (turns on the lamp), and when turned off 
state, accordingly, disconnects the contacts (turns off the lamp).
Everything here is very obvious and understandable. What the white switch looks like, article number 774401 series Valena (Valena), is shown on the reverse side in the photo on the right.
Manufacturers usually indicate with arrows which contacts are which. The arrows indicate that the “phase” conductor must be connected to the “input” (this is the arrow pointing to the center of the switch) of the switch, and the conductor going to the load (i.e.
Pass-through switch - design feature and difference
light bulb) to the “output” (arrow indicating the direction from the center of the switch). “Why should the switch be connected this way? It will work if you connect it the other way around!” - you ask. That’s right, it will work either way, but there are two nuances:
- For correctly mounted switches, when turned on, the key occupies the “up” position, and when turned off, the button occupies the “down” position.
When connecting according to the diagram, if the phase conductor is connected to the “output” of the switch, and the “load” to the input, then the switch key will always be “upside down”. That is, when turned on, the key will occupy the “down” position, but should occupy the “up” position, and vice versa.
- When connected according to the diagram “phase” -> load (lamp) -> switch -> “zero”, the phase will first pass through the lamp and break at the switch (i.e.
When the switch is off, the lamp will always be energized). And this is wrong! At correct scheme connection, the “phase” in the off state is broken at the switch and there will be no voltage on the lamp (that is, when you change a burnt-out lamp, you will not get an electric shock).
There are also two-pole switches that break not only the phase wire, but also the zero (neutral) conductor, but they, as a rule, are used only in specific cases.
Switch
A switch is a device that has three (or more) contacts.
In the “On state” it closes the first and second contacts, and in the “Off state” it closes the first and third contacts. Essentially, the switch is always on - either in one state or the other.
Hence the name “Switch” - switches from one contact to another.
If a switch only has two contacts, it will act like a switch.
In its catalogues, Legrand uses the concept of a "two-way switch" - this is what it is, because the switch switches between two contacts.
In general, a switch can switch between three or more contacts, but in electrical installation mechanisms, if such occurs, it is extremely rare, so no one specifies how many directions the switches switch. Switches are also often called “pass-through switches,” but this concept, in our opinion, is incorrect and should not be used.
One of the most popular uses of a switch is to control lighting from two places.
To control lighting you will need only two switches, and to control lighting from three or more places you cannot do without the use of pass-through (cross) switches.
Switches in our catalog:
Pass-through switch
An intermediate (also known as cross) switch is a device that switches two separate lines crosswise (that is, if before the cross switch the phase was on the right and the zero on the left, then when switching they will switch places).
The appearance of the intermediate switches is no different from conventional switches. For clarity, see the diagrams in the pictures.
An intermediate switch is usually used to control lighting from three or more places.
This switch is called “cross” because when switching it seems to cross the lines, and “Intermediate” is called because in the switching circuit when controlled from three or more places it is located in the gap between the “two-way switches”.
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