Sanding is one of the wood processing methods that allows you to give the workpieces a perfect finish. flat surface. A universal-to-use wood sanding machine will be distinguished by its functionality and ease of operation. To process lumber, you can use units manufactured by specialized manufacturers, or you can make such equipment yourself, which will allow you to save significantly.
Types of woodworking machines
Currently, there are numerous types of sanding machines that are designed to perform various types of work with wood. They differ in their design and are intended for household and industrial use. You can easily select both highly specialized models and universal machines that are designed for complex wood processing.
If necessary, you can make a homemade grinding machine for metal or wood, based on a drill, a motor from a washing machine, or using other equipment.
Disc units
The working surface of self-made grinding machines for metal and wood is made in the form of an island metal disk onto which the abrasive is attached. Due to its simplicity of design and versatility of use, equipment of this type has gained wide popularity in the market today.
This machine consists of an electric motor, on the axis of which a circle with a fixed working surface is put on. Abrasive attachments and sanding paper are attached to the working axis, which allows processing of wooden workpieces. Despite the simplicity of the design, such machines are distinguished by their versatility of use and can perform high-quality wood processing, giving the workpieces a perfectly flat and smooth surface.
The advantages of surface grinding technology include:
- Versatility of use.
- Efficiency.
- Reliability.
- Simplicity of design.
A feature of this type of equipment is the ability to adjust the processing speed of wooden workpieces without changing the speed of the working element. When working with such a machine, you can move the workpiece along the radius of the circle, which allows you to change the intensity of processing of products. On the periphery of the disk linear speed will be higher, which can significantly speed up and simplify wood processing. But inside the circle, where the linear speed is lower, final sanding is performed, removing the thinnest layer of wood.
Belt installations
Belt surface sanders have two shafts with a continuous belt of sandpaper stretched between them. Processing of workpieces is carried out by exposing them to sandpaper, which removes thin shavings from wooden workpieces, giving them a perfectly flat, smooth surface. The working surface of disc machines can be vertical or horizontal, while some models allow you to change the direction of movement of the belt. With the help of such equipment, it is possible to process long-length products, aligning their ends. The simplicity of the design allows you to make your own belt sanding machine for home use.
Drum models
The main purpose of units of this type is horizontal leveling using a jointer. This type of equipment is used mainly in industrial workshops, which is explained by the complexity of its design and the narrow specialization of drum units. Using drum sanding machines, wooden products of the same type with the same thickness are manufactured and processed.
Manufacturing of grinding machines
Industrially manufactured machines offered today in specialized stores are distinguished by their versatility in use, functionality and efficiency. Their only drawback is their high cost, therefore, when it is necessary to perform various types of grinding work, most homeowners decide to manufacture home-made equipment, which in its parameters and quality of processing is practically not inferior to factory units.
Structurally, a do-it-yourself metal grinding machine will consist of the following components:
- Metal or wooden frame.
- Electric motor.
- Drive shaft.
- Working surface.
- Sanding belt.
When manufacturing a drum grinder, it is necessary to determine the power of the electric motor used. It is recommended to choose electric motors that develop around 3 kW and are capable of maintaining a clean rpm of 1,500 rpm. Based on such a drive, a functional, durable and reliable grinding machine can be manufactured that can cope with processing wooden products. The easiest way to make such equipment is based on an electric motor from an old washing machine.
The frame of the grinder can be made of lumber or a metal corner, welded and additionally covered with plywood. It is necessary to select the dimensions of the bed based on the dimensions of the drive used, as well as the dimensions of the wooden workpieces processed on the unit. When making a bed, you need to focus on the existing project documentation, which will allow you to correctly manufacture the load-bearing base of the machine, which will subsequently be able to withstand significant loads.
The shaft of the manual and automatic belt grinder, which is directly connected to the electric motor, can be machined by lathe or use ready-made blanks from industrial equipment. The shafts of the calibrating drum sanding machine must be located strictly in the middle of the main drive, which subsequently guarantees high-quality processing of wooden workpieces.
The optimal width of the sanding belt used will be 200 millimeters. It can be done from emery, which is cut into strips and then the abrasive tape used is glued from them. The material should be glued end-to-end, and a dense material should be placed on the back side, which will ensure the strength of the seam.
By making a sanding machine with your own hands, you can significantly simplify the processing of wooden blanks, leveling boards and removing chips from lumber. Making such a unit with your own hands will not be difficult. On the Internet, you will need to select a schematic drawing for the manufacture of the machine, and using an electric motor from an old washing machine, make the simplest equipment, which in its functionality and quality of processing will not be inferior to factory-made equipment.
- Materials for assembling the machine
- Engine selection
- Assembly of drums and tape
- Build process
The main function of wood sanding machines is to finish processing natural materials using abrasive elements. Machines and devices of various types can have a wide range of capabilities and allow sharpening knives, grinding decorative and furniture products, and also perform internal and external polishing of the workpiece.
Modern units are capable of ultra-fine polishing, giving products a perfectly smooth surface.. One of the advantages of such equipment is excellent performance and high efficiency both when performing a rough roughing process and during high-speed grinding.
In production you can often find calibrating, disc and oscillating (spindle) types of grinding units. No less popular are the disc sander, belt grinder and drum polisher. The kinematics of all grinding devices without exception, be it a calibration or polishing sample, is based on rotation or movement wooden part along a straight or arc path and simultaneous rotation of the working part of the unit, but this applies to stationary machines. If you mean hand tool, then we are not talking about the movement of the workpiece, but moves exclusively grinder. Returning to stationary grinding machines for wood, we note that it is better to perform high-quality surface treatment of large-sized products on belt samples. Factory equipment is not cheap, so many owners of small home workshops are increasingly interested in how to make a belt sanding machine themselves.
Design of belt units
To have an idea about the manufacture of a sanding unit with an sanding belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:
- an abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the frame;
- a pair of drums (drive and tension cylinders). IN in this case kinematics provides for the launch of the driving element using an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
- metal or wooden table, and the first option makes it possible to work with more complex parts;
- an electric motor with a power of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m/second;
- a hood that removes wood dust.
There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are to be processed on this unit. Every experienced master will confirm that working with equipment is more comfortable if the person being processed wooden element inferior in length work surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sanding machine will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, belt units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint coatings, will cope with the processing of edges and ends, sand curved shapes and polish a flat wooden piece of furniture.
Materials for assembling the machine
Many novice carpenters make a grinding machine from a drill, but we propose to create an improved tool. Before assembling a belt sanding machine with your own hands, you need to decide on the material for the manufacture of its main components. For example, it is better to make a desktop from thick metal, giving preference overall dimensions canvas within 500x180x20 mm. We draw your attention to the fact that the larger the bed, the more functional it is and the more varied the parts that are planned to be processed will be.
Table
Making a working surface looks like this:
- Cut off one side of the metal sheet.
- Carry out markings.
- Three holes are drilled at the end of the cut sheet, through which the working surface is bolted to the frame.
Engine selection
A homemade wood sanding unit is equipped with a motor, and in this case an electric drive from a washing machine is suitable, although you can choose any motor with a power of about 2.8 kW, capable of performing an average of 1200-1500 rpm. The drive is tightly fixed in a stationary state to the frame.
Assembly of drums and tape
Now we have to make two drums for the surface grinding unit, for which we will need chipboard sheet, from which blanks of 200x200 mm are cut and a package with a diameter of 240 mm is assembled. After assembly, the structure is machined to a diameter of 200 mm. The driving cylinder is installed on the drive shaft, and it is this that will drive the abrasive material. The tension element is fixed around the axis of the frame on bearings.
Make sure that the belt can easily touch the tabletop, which is achieved by ensuring a bevel on the side of the drum.
When assembling the drums, do not forget that they internal diameter should exceed the outer one by several millimeters. This is necessary so that the tape is placed in the middle of the cylinder and does not slip off. Now we need a sanding belt, for which abrasive sanding material, cut into strips and then glued together with a high-quality adhesive, is suitable.
Drum grinding unit
Just like industrial designs, household units can have different configurations, although, as noted earlier, their kinematic diagram and operating principle are similar. Above we told you how to assemble belt sanding equipment, and now we’ll find out what to use to make a homemade drum sander.
In this case, instead of a stretched abrasive tape, the homemade product is equipped with a disk shaped like a drum, which is used to polish wooden blanks. As in the previous case, this simple type of aggregate is created quickly and without much difficulty, and here we also don’t need complex circuit or intricate drawings.
Build process
When building a drum sanding machine with your own hands, you can use asynchronous motor from the washing machine, and in addition to it from old typewriter remove pulleys, belt and useful electronic parts. Sanding drums are usually made from cylindrical bars, wooden rings, cardboard or plastic pipe.
When starting to make a grinding machine for wood, a segment is cut from the pipe equal to the length of the main grinding element so that it is slightly shorter than the rod, to which it will later be fixed. End caps equal to the diameter of the pipe, with holes in the middle, are cut out of a sheet of plywood. The plugs are fixed in the end sides of the pipe using screws.
Now you can install the rod axle, fixed with reliable glue. The surface of the pipe is covered with sheet rubber, which will ensure a better fit of the workpiece. The sanding cloth is attached in a spiral to the surface of the drum with a stapler, and the sanding drum is ready.
The body and working surface of the unit are made of wood or thick plywood. The movable part of the desktop in front is attached to an adjusting screw, and at the back it is mounted on hinges. The engine is hung on the lower part of the body, where a hole is made in advance, and the drum, made by hand, is attached to the upper part of the frame. The rod (axis) sits on both sides on bearings fixed to the side posts. At the final stage, the pulleys are installed on the axle and the belt drive is pulled through. To consolidate the knowledge gained, we suggest watching the video.
Grinding equipment is used for finishing parts. The machine performs finishing technological operations in the manufacture of wooden and metal products. A significant advantage of such a device is its ability self-assembly. Homemade unit somewhat inferior in performance to factory models, but will cost much less.
Working principle and characteristics of the grinding machine
Grinders differ from each other design and scope of application. General characteristics instrument - a similar operating principle. The working mechanism rotates and the abrasive material grinds the surface of the part.
When choosing ready-made equipment or making a machine yourself, you must take into account the main characteristics of such equipment:
- Power. When using the machine at home, a power of 400 W is sufficient. To perform production tasks, you will need high efficiency and productivity of the unit - at least 1 kW.
- Rotation speed of the working mechanism. The grinding abrasive element performs up to 3000 revolutions per minute per minute. The higher the rotation speed, the better quality processing. Experts recommend using units with an indicator of at least 500.
- Processing area. This parameter is determined based on the scope of application. The wider the drums or sanding belt, the larger the products you can sand.
- Device dimensions. Dimensions are an important parameter, which largely depends on the area of the workshop or workshop. When making it yourself, the machine is designed so that after its installation there is enough space left to place tools, workpieces, consumables and other equipment.
Features of different grinding machines
Depending on the configuration of the abrasive unit, there are following types machine tools
Tape device- grinder. The machine is equipped with an abrasive belt, which wears out over time and requires periodic replacement. Using the unit, you can remove a layer of rust from metal, adjust the dimensions of the product in some planes, clean and shape wooden parts.
Positive aspects of tape machines:
- versatility;
- small dimensions and light weight;
- possibility of self-production;
- The belt length can be adjusted to allow grinding and polishing of products of different sizes.
Advice. When equipping belt grinding equipment, it is better to choose graphite abrasives - they are the most wear-resistant.
Drum machine works on the principle of a drill. The grinding part of the device rotates from the motor at a speed of about 2000 rpm. The main purpose is to calibrate flat long workpieces. A drum-type unit is more difficult to manufacture, but such a homemade wood grinding machine will allow you to process slats, panel surfaces made of MDF, chipboard, veneered material and wood.
Disk device(plate machine). It is quite possible to assemble the unit yourself, as it has a simple structure. Disc machines are characterized by the following features:
- compact dimensions and ease of use for domestic purposes;
- good performance with a powerful electric motor;
- Possibility of polishing conical, spherical and cylindrical workpieces.
Combined grinding machine - a combination of functions of surface and cylindrical grinding equipment. One device is equipped with a grinding wheel and an abrasive belt. This option is optimal for small workshops and garages, where installing two units at once is problematic.
Homemade belt sander
Belt-type device components
A homemade grinding machine for metal or wood has the following design:
- The bed is the base of the machine. The working base of the structure is usually made static - screwed to the floor. Sometimes the equipment is additionally equipped with wheels for ease of movement.
- Working platform for subsequent placement of the electric motor.
- Electric motor. Typically, the drive is installed near a larger diameter drive roller.
- Driver and driven tension roller. When making it yourself, you can use scrap materials made of metal or high-density wood. To prevent the tape from rolling off the shaft, the diameter of the central part of the roller must be made 2 mm smaller than at the edge. To prevent the belt from slipping, it is advisable to wrap a thin layer of rubber on the drums.
- The belt tensioning mechanism consists of a lever and a pressure spring. The lever is fixed to the frame and the driven tension roller.
Important! For processing steel or wood, tapes based on paper or fabric are used. Tape width - 5-31 cm, length - from 11 cm, grain size from P-80.
Belt unit manufacturing technology
Homemade belt sanders for wood or metal can be made from the following materials:
- electric motor with a shaft rotation speed of about 1300-1600 rpm;
- steel pipes at least 2 mm thick;
- corners with a section of 50*50*5, 25*20*1.5 - the quantity is determined by the dimensions of the equipment;
- magnetic stand for fixing metal workpieces;
- bearing supports, ball screws;
- shafts for fastening the tape;
- rail guides.
Sequence of work:
The type of machine described is more suitable for grinding flat metal workpieces.
Homemade drum sander
Drum-type equipment design
The drum sander belongs to the class of calibration models. Main element devices - a sanding drum that makes wooden surfaces smooth.
Basic equipment elements:
- bed;
- engine;
- planing drum with sanding tape;
- feeding drum with conveyor belt;
- mechanism for adjusting drum speed;
- stands for fixing the position of the grinding drum;
- protective casing;
- dust extractor
Homemade wood grinding machine: drawing
Step-by-step instructions for creating a machine
Stage 1. Selecting an electric motor. An old engine from washing machine. Remove the pulleys, belt and electrical parts from the equipment. It is advisable to give preference to an asynchronous single-phase electric motor of 200-300 W, 1500-2000 rpm.
Stage 2. Making a drum. Suitable for creating it PVC pipe, wooden rings and other improvised items. A PVC drum installation is made as follows:
- Cut a piece of the required length from a plastic pipe with a diameter of 10 cm.
- Prepare end caps from wood with holes 2 cm in the center.
- Secure the end elements to the pipe using screws.
- Pass a steel rod 15-20 mm thick through the hole.
- Glue a rubber sheet on top of the pipe.
- Using a stapler, secure the sandpaper to the drum.
Stage 3. Preparing the work table and bed. The body is made of wood:
- “Cut” the wooden canvas into side panels (2 pieces), a spacer, parts of the worktop (base and moving component).
- Assemble and strengthen the structure with a cross member. The internal spacer will additionally act as a support for the adjustment screw.
- To control the movement of the working surface, its movable element is fixed to the base with a piano loop. An adjusting screw is installed on the workpiece feed side.
Stage 4. Assembly is performed in the following sequence:
Stage 5. Attaching the protective cover and commissioning.
Do-it-yourself grinding devices
In addition to large machines, small ones can also be useful in everyday life. practical devices for polishing metal products or grinding some parts. Many of them are quite possible to do with your own hands.
Mini grinder and metal polisher
Home craftsmen and hobbyists will find a mini-grinder useful - the device is used for high-quality cleaning of surfaces before soldering. The necessary parts can be taken from an old Soviet tape recorder.
Glue fine-grained sandpaper onto a wooden round plate. This will be the working part of the sander. To start the machine you will need a small motor with a shaft diameter of 1.5 mm and a button. Solder the start button to the electric motor.
A 7 V mains adapter is suitable for power supply. One contact of the adapter is soldered to the switch leg, and the second to the electric motor. Fill the soldering areas with hot glue. After it dries, wrap the body with heat shrink or electrical tape. The final stage is fixing the working grinding element.
Homemade disc grinder
A low-power disc sander is useful for turning small-sized wooden products. For the machine shown in the photo, a 90 W three-phase switch was used, launched through a capacitor. The engine with a speed of 2750 per minute is connected in a triangle with a starting capacitor and reverse. The connections are soldered and hidden in heat shrink.
The base is fixed on four steel rods - can be quickly installed and removed if necessary. An M14 mandrel is attached to the shaft; it is possible to install different attachments from an angle grinder.
Safety precautions when working with homemade grinding equipment
When performing work on the machine, you should adhere to a number of rules that will help protect yourself and others from possible injuries:
- Do not touch working surfaces and moving components with your hands.
- While working, you must wear safety glasses to prevent particles of hot scale and abrasive from getting into your eyes.
- Before starting work, you need to check the reliability of the fastening of the shafts, tape and disk.
- It is important to monitor and check the integrity of the wire braid. If the slightest malfunction is detected, work must be suspended.
- A protective cover must be used. The element somewhat narrows the view, but greatly increases the level of safety.
Homemade vertical grinding machine: video
A grinding machine is also called a grinder, which is translated from English grinder as crusher.
There are crushers for stones, crushers for meat - we have meat grinders, and there are garden crushers that produce wood chips. But if the word is used independently - simply grinder, only one thing is meant: a grinding machine in the field of metal processing.
Grinder is good and useful everywhere, including household– from proper knife sharpening high quality or tailor's scissors before grinding a complex piece of metal or other “difficult” material. In other words, the tool is needed and will be useful on the farm.
Moreover, it is quite possible to make it with your own hands. To do this it is not at all necessary to have special equipment and solid professional experience.
Of course, you will have to tinker, but you will do exactly what you need and, most importantly, you will save a serious amount of money, up to several thousand American dollars.
Do we do it with a disk or with a tape?
Grinder drawing.
In terms of the breadth of the product line, grinding machines can only be rivaled by lathes. There are a huge number of grinders on the market – of all shapes and sizes.
The most famous and primitive one is in the form of the famous emery - a pair of grinding stone wheels with a screwed-on motor. These machines are sold with a wide variety of schemes and operating principles.
But if you're planning on making a DIY sander yourself, it's best to stop and choose between two options: disc or belt.
- Disc grinder - a grinding layer of abrasive is applied to the disk, which rotates when turned on.
- A belt machine in which the abrasive is applied to a belt wound on rollers.
Which one is better is a matter of debate. The correct criterion would be “which one is more necessary.” The choice should depend on what exactly you are going to sand. If these are relatively simple parts made of, say, wood, homemade disc wood sanders will be more suitable for you.
If you have serious grinding work ahead for precise finishing with complex parts, choose a tape.
It is necessary to take into account the difference between a suit and a tape, not only in terms of their functional features. Another important factor– drive power. If you are sanding small wooden sanders, you will have enough power in the range of 160 - 170 W.
This can easily be produced by a simple motor from a washing machine or even from an old drill.
Old household motors are in no way suitable for a belt grinder. There you will need an engine with a power of at least 400 - 500 W, and not a simple one, but a three-phase one with starting and running capacitors.
For grinding massive and large parts, higher power will be needed: up to 1200 W. Let us immediately note that purchasing capacitors for the machine will cost you not much less than the motor itself.
Selecting a feed
A machine with a tape is more versatile in terms of functionality: it does everything that disk models do, plus much more. Let us immediately note that there are a great many options for amateur models of belt sanding machines.
The fact is that the nature of this machine is very flexible, allowing you to use a variety of available materials, including finds in scrap metal dumps.
The main thing is to know and adhere to three rules:
- The abrasive side of the belt must be adjusted very precisely so that only the workpiece that is being sanded touches it.
- The tape must be evenly tensioned at any time and regardless of the type of work.
- The speed of movement of the machine should be different and should depend only on one thing: the type of part and the nature of the grinding.
Construction of a homemade belt sanding machine
Grinding machine device.
The main parts of the machine are as follows:
- A motor or motor-driven engine powered by electricity.
It is better to install the drive next to the main diameter drive roller. - Base or bed.
It is often fixed directly on the floor, sometimes this thing rides on wheels - whatever is more convenient and necessary for you. - Two tension rollers - driving and driven.
Made from metal or very durable wood with thin layer cushion rubber to prevent the tape from slipping onto the rollers or drum. - Spring and lever for the belt tension system.
The spring is pressed, and the lever is attached to the base and driven roller. - Base for placing a motor with a drive.
- For an abrasive belt, you need to use paper or cloth.
Its width can be very different - in the range from 5 to 30 cm. Grain level - from 80. - Metal pipes with a thickness of 2 mm or more.
- Metal corners in accordance with the dimensions of the machine.
- Special magnetic stand for metal parts.
- Rail type guides.
Diagram of the grinding machine.
Stages of work:
- We make the frame of the base or bed.
– we cut the corners according to the dimensions of the bed;
– weld the frame and corners;
– we fix a chipboard board at the bottom of the frame to reduce vibration during operation. - Making a work surface.
– cut a steel sheet to size and weld it directly to the base;
– weld the rail guides to the top of the frame;
– we make a carriage from corners with wheels for moving along the guides of the bed;
– on both sides of the working surface we mount and fix bearing supports;
– fix the screw with the handle on the carriage; - We fix the electric motor to the working area lifting system.
- We fix the gear supports.
- We install a tape with an abrasive coating.
– cut the tape with a margin of a few centimeters at an angle of 45°;
– glue it together overlapping with glue on the sides with the abrasive washed off with water;
– dry the gluing area with a hairdryer; - We are preparing for a test launch of the machine.
– we treat all machine parts with machine oil;
– supply electrical power;
- We do a test run.
Safety precautions when working on a sanding grinder
Like any other work on any other machines, grinding on a homemade belt sanding machine is subject to fairly strict safety rules that must be strictly adhered to.
The principle of operation of the grinder.
These rules are as follows:
- It is strictly forbidden to touch anything that moves with your hands while the machine and working surface are operating.
- Wear safety glasses while working to protect against hot abrasive particles.
- Carefully check that the connections and fastenings of all moving parts of the grinder are tight.
- Monitor the condition of the braiding of electrical wires.
- A protective casing is a must, even though it slightly narrows the viewing angle.
All materials in any production, in addition to manufacturing, require additional and finishing. Vivid examples of such treatments include grinding and polishing the product. These two types mechanical impact to the surface of the part, bring it appearance to perfection. However, everyone knows that performing these operations by hand will take a lot of time and effort, and even processing can only be ensured by a very experienced craftsman. To facilitate this kind of work, a man came up with a help various devices and mechanisms. Some of them will be discussed further.
General purpose and types of machines
The machine is intended for final processing of parts and blanks from different materials by exposing them to an abrasive or diamond-coated surface. The machine, its component mechanisms and devices make it possible to maintain the accuracy of size and shape, and also ensure the creation of an ideal surface of a part or workpiece.
Using the machine, you can process flat parts, surfaces outside and inside, parts of various geometric shape, grind or polish threads and gear teeth. According to their characteristics, grinding machines are divided into:
- Cylindrical grinders.
- Internal grinding.
- Centerless grinding.
- Surface grinding.
- Special machines (for grinding threads, gears).
Grinding process
Grinding is the process of removing the top layer from the surface of a workpiece using abrasives or diamond chips. They are collected into a common mass on the working surface and held together with a binder. They ultimately form a grinding wheel or belt.
During operation, the abrasive surface is given a circular motion using electric motor. When the surface of the workpiece comes into contact with the abrasive, the processing process occurs. There is a common belief that grinding with abrasives is friction processing. However, this is not true.
Each abrasive particle has sharp edges; when it touches a material (metal, plastic, wood, stone) it works like cutting tool and removes chips, like say a milling cutter or drill. Considering the considerable rotation speed grinding wheels, as well as the occurrence of chips as a product of grinding, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of injury from these very chips.
Safety precautions during operation
When working on the machine, the following safety rules must be observed:
Necessity at work and at home
Today, grinding machines are used constantly in production shops. Depending on the scale of production, either one machine or all its varieties in complexity and size can be installed.
However, there is always a use for this equipment in everyday life. Some people have a bench sanding machine for metal processing in their garage. Others have several wood grinding machines of different designs installed in their workshop. Still others own a universal, combined machine. There are power tools for manual grinding: drum type, belt grinder, band saw, small machines or large machines. And they are all in demand.
The market offers a fairly wide range of all kinds of similar equipment from many manufacturers. And their prices are quite reasonable. But these are cars general purpose. And if a person is engaged own business, or he has a hobby, then he needs a specially specialized machine. Here the price has already increased several times.
For this reason or based on own desires Many craftsmen make homemade products. Mainly for processing wood, plastic and metal, less often for cutting and grinding stone. And, in general, this is correct. After all, even a simple sharpening kitchen knives It’s easier and faster to do on a machine than by hand using a whetstone. The blessing of creating with your own hands homemade machine Its very simple design is suitable for wood.
It’s not difficult to assemble a DIY sanding machine for wood. People also simply call it emery.
The main component is the engine. Surely many people have an old one on their farm. washing machine. Its motor is quite suitable for this purpose. If not, a new engine on the market will be quite expensive, but at any flea market you can find a used one in working condition. The electric motor must be strong from 750 W to 2 kW, not high-speed from 1500 to 3000 rpm, if three-phase, then you can always adapt it to 220 V. You will also need thick plywood, self-tapping screws, PVA glue, and tools, of course.
The task is simple: make hard drive, onto which sandpaper is glued. To do this, draw a circle with a diameter of 150-170 mm on plywood; if the plywood is thick enough to hide the clamping nut, one piece is enough. If not, glue two identical pieces together with PVA glue. The motor spindle clamping nut must be recessed into the disc flush with its working plane.
From the same 15-24 mm plywood you need to make several parts:
- The frame to which the engine will be attached.
- Feed table with guides for changing the angle of inclination.
- Disk protection design.
- Base for attaching the entire machine to the workbench.
The disk protection can be made in the form of an arch with right angles or truncated ones. It, like the feed table, is attached to the frame. As an additional accessory, you can install a protractor stop on the feed table, which will allow you to feed the workpiece at a fixed, horizontal angle.
Paying tribute to aesthetics, it is advisable to polish every detail before assembly. But this is optional, but with the serving table this must be done carefully. A smooth surface will ensure uniform and continuous movement of the part along the working surface of the disk.
The purpose of this machine is revealed in its very name - surface grinding, that is, for grinding flat surfaces of parts and workpieces. It can be disk, drum (like a thicknesser) or belt. Moreover, its working surface can be positioned vertically, horizontally or adjustable.
Some machine designs are made fully adjustable. But this is individual. Everyone makes homemade machines for themselves to make it more convenient to work. Designs with full adjustment are more difficult to manufacture. They have adjustable pressure on the drum or belt, that is, in other words, there is the possibility of fixed movement of the working surface along the vertical axis. And the tool rest has a movement mechanism in two directions, like a cutter holder carriage on a lathe.
From the verbal description it is difficult to imagine what it looks like. And even more difficult to understand how it works. But today we have the Internet. There you can find videos where experienced craftsmen share their experience, explain in detail and show how to make such equipment. Detailed drawings and diagrams are provided with exact dimensions and instructions on what material to use for assembly. In general, if you have difficulty designing it yourself, you can always just make someone else’s copy.
This machine was invented for processing long parts. The abrasive belt is based on a durable fabric fabric, fastened into a ring. There are different sizes. It is driven by the same electric motor with similar characteristics. But some craftsmen replace the engine with a drill. Good drill- a universal tool in many respects. However, such a replacement is more relevant for small-sized desktop machines, as a rule, these are used by modellers.
How to assemble a belt sander with your own hands? The belt is stretched between two shafts or drum rollers. One of which is the driving one (it is mounted on the motor spindle), and the second is the driven one (it provides tension on the sanding belt). To prevent the tape from jumping off the drums, stopper washers are attached to their ends. It turns out something like a textile reel. With minor distortions, the tape wears out faster than the edges of the tape rubbing against the lock washers are destroyed. So this idea is quite viable and justifies itself.
Also, a support screen is installed between the drums on the back side of the belt, which ensures tight pressing of the entire plane of the workpiece to the surface of the belt. To reduce friction, the screen is carefully polished. It can be made from either light metal or hard wood.
The drive roller must be rubberized or made of hard rubber. This will ensure that the tape cannot slip across the surface of the roller. The entire structure can be positioned in different ways if necessary: vertically, horizontally or at an angle. A rigid hand rest, at an angle of 90 degrees, or an adjustable one, is attached to the common bed, as on all similar machines. The distance between the tape and the edge of the table at hand should not be more than 3 mm. Since rupture of the belt is not capable of causing significant bodily harm, protection is done only to remove grinding products.
Homemade grinder
Grinder is a high speed belt grinding machine or a universal machine. Working surfaces - disk and tape. The engine used is the same as on all machines. And high speed is achieved by using pulleys of different diameters. Pulley large diameter mounted on the motor spindle and is the leading one. The small pulley is a tension pulley.
On universal machine A disk is also attached to the spindle. You can also install an additional transfer roller, the support mounts of which will be spring-loaded. This is done to quickly change the abrasive belt.
The grinder differs from other grinding machines in its processing speed and versatility. Using interchangeable belts for different materials, you can quickly process even high-alloy steel surfaces.
