Anyone can put out a fire in the forest, but what if a real fire suddenly happens? Who will come to the rescue and save people? You guys, of course, know that brave firefighters fight fires! These people will rush to the scene of the incident at the first signal and put out a fire of any complexity. You've probably seen huge red cars racing with sirens blaring - these are the brave fire fighters who came to the rescue. Did you know that firefighters work all day long? The shift begins at eight o'clock in the morning and ends at the same time the next day.
Requirements for employees
Firefighters not only put out fires, but also prevent them. Employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations monitor the construction of every building in the city or village. If it doesn't meet the rules fire safety, then no one will receive permission to build. Firefighters regularly inspect educational establishments, restaurants, offices, hospitals for the presence of fire extinguishers, fire hoses, emergency exits and evacuation plan. These measures significantly reduce the risk of fire and unnecessary casualties.
Firefighters also conduct conversations in schools and kindergartens. Real rescuers talk about fire safety measures, correct behavior in a burning room or forest, and the consequences of playing with fire.
You guys already know that firefighters have to be brave, strong and agile, but rescuers are required to be a lot more demanding! Let's put together a list of qualities of fire fighters:
Did you know that firefighters have their own code of honor? When entering service, they take a special oath, pledging to follow all the rules set out in the collection.
In order to meet the demands of the profession, firefighters train a lot. The station has a gym for them so that the rescuers are always in shape. Firefighters also work in special rooms for a while each possible situation(for example, throw a hook through a window and catch on the window sill, and then get into the room along a cable in six seconds). Firefighters also study hard and hard. The station also has special classes where senior specialists introduce the intricacies of firefighting.
Firefighters are usually strong young men and women, but women also work in fire departments. More often they work as dispatchers. This profession requires attentiveness and precision, which the girls cope with successfully. – important person in the team: he takes calls, finds out what is burning and where, finds the nearest hydrant on the map and calculates the shortest route to the scene of the incident.
Combat equipment
It is sewn not from ordinary fabric, but from special one. It does not burn in fire and heats up little. This fabric is called aramid; its fibers include impregnated by special means semi-linen and vinyl artificial leather (or dermantine). Clothing materials vary depending on the severity of the fire.
The kit includes:
- protective jacket;
- overalls;
- comfortable and durable boots;
- cotton jacket and pants;
- protective gloves;
- heat-reflective metal suit;
- heat-reflecting mask with respirator;
- gas mask with cover;
- helmets made of metal and plastic;
- mask with cape.
Thanks to this equipment, firefighters don’t mind heat and fire!
You know kids, firefighter equipment is very important! With it you can break through obstacles, get into a building through a window, and so on.
Items that ensure breathing in a smoky room are required at every departure: respirators, gas masks and filters.
They are attached to a special belt and stored in cases. To illuminate the road in dark rooms, every firefighter must have a flashlight.
Fire fighters carry a lot of equipment to overcome various obstacles. Brave rescuers cut through collapsed beams and boards; for convenience, this tool is attached to the belt. Fire ropes and rope ladders, holster and carabiner allow you to climb into hard to reach places, pull out people, animals and things.
Sometimes electrical appliances and wires become the cause of fire. To eliminate the fire in this case, you must first turn off the power to the problem. Extinguishing electrical appliances that are turned on with water is dangerous to life! For such situations, firefighters have special boots, mats and scissors in their arsenal.
For emergency evacuations rescuers use various: ladder-stick, mechanical sliding staircase, storm staircase. They allow you to rescue people from high floors.
How to put out a fire
In fact, there are several ways to extinguish a fire. For a long time, the most famous and widespread is water. To supply it, there are fire hydrants throughout the city, to which a hose (fire hose) is attached. Special fire trucks also transport water in tanks. It is pumped out of them with special manual or mechanical pumps.
different types, that is, filled different substances. Some are filled with gas (for example, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and aerosol), others with foam (cannot be used when igniting electrical appliances and flammable fuels such as gasoline), and others with powder.
Did you know that the first fire extinguishers appeared in the first quarter of the 18th century? In 1715, the German inventor Zachariah Greil patented a device consisting of a barrel made of strong wood filled with twenty liters of water. A wick and a container of gunpowder were attached to the vessel. The fire extinguisher was thrown into the fire, where it exploded, thereby extinguishing the fire. And in early XIX century, the Englishman George Manby invented a fire extinguisher in the form we see today. His device was a copper vessel filled with chemical powder under high pressure.
If a fire suddenly happens, you need to call “01”, tell the address and what exactly ignited. After receiving an alarm signal, the dispatcher calculates the shortest route, finds a fire hydrant on the map and transmits all the information to the rescue team. All these actions are completed in less than 60 seconds. Having received an alarm, firefighters are fully assembled within 20 seconds and go to the rescue.
This is a very dangerous and nervous profession, so every employee fire service must be stress-resistant, have lightning-fast reactions and be in excellent physical shape.
What education is needed?
To qualify as a firefighter you don't have to have higher education. Having a high school diploma will be sufficient vocational education, received by a future employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations at a college, technical school or school. The basis for acquiring knowledge in these institutions is considered practical lessons with equipment and machinery.
You can get a high position by studying at the academies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In addition to practical knowledge, universities and institutes lay down serious theoretical basis, which helps you get used to the new job, understand how to behave in each situation.
Maybe you noticed in old photographs that almost all firefighters have long mustaches? This is not a decoration, like that of the hussars, but it was useful in the service. While extinguishing the fire, firefighters wet the mustache in their mouths and inserted it into their noses. This trick helped me breathe even in a very smoky room. This is where the expression “wet mustache” comes from.
Main functions fire department— protection of the population, objects and property from fires. To implement them, the following tasks are performed: fire prevention; eliminating fires; emergency rescue work; ensuring the operation of the system.
In law and in practice, fire protection means the union of various organizations, both state and private forms property. Such organizations include supervisory authorities, structural, territorial and fire and rescue units, educational and research institutions, as well as voluntary organizations.
Prevention
One of the main tasks of the fire department is to help minimize the occurrence of fires. Supervisory authorities monitor compliance with all fire safety standards and legal requirements. To this end, all enterprises are periodically inspected in order to identify shortcomings in a timely manner. The relevant regulations at the enterprise are eliminated by those responsible for fire safety.
Inspections are carried out, including the study of document flow, the availability of necessary fire-fighting devices, equipment, arrangement emergency exits and others important details. Projects for future buildings and structures are also being checked. Without approval supervisory authorities Adoption construction site impossible to put into operation. The way to influence negligent managers and their employees is through regulations and fines.
In addition to inspection, education and public awareness play an important role in fire prevention. Seasonal fires of forests, peatlands, and other arid zones often arise due to human actions, as well as dangerous situations at home. Therefore, experts resort to appeals through the media, posters, and organize educational programs for children and adults.
The listed measures are complemented by the obligation of federal authorities to regulate and update the regulatory framework in this area. The functioning of the system as a whole and the way its parts operate depend on them. Officials also manage financial matters targeted programs at the federal level. Recently, due to the law “On Technical Regulation”, many regulations have acquired the form of regulations, the effect of which extends to the units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Emergency rescue work
Elimination of fires occurs in stages. First of all, the fire department receives a report of an incident. Next, employees with equipment go to the place of the call, having previously analyzed the information. Upon arrival, reconnaissance of the site, rescue operations, and direct fire extinguishing are carried out. Depending on the situation, the extinguishing director may give an order to execute special works which are allowed to be carried out simultaneously. There are several ways to extinguish and limit fires. The so-called is calculated in advance, and the forces of the unit are concentrated in accordance with it. After the fire is extinguished, the crew returns to the unit.
When extinguishing fires, fire department employees have the right to use the property of citizens, which is needed for communication, movement or extinguishing.
Their responsibilities include evacuating people, providing first aid, and creating barriers to the spread of fire. As a rule, strangers are not allowed to the scene of the incident or access is limited in order to avoid casualties and interference with work. First health care appears in certain conditions of victims, the list of which is approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The fire department responds to fires based on calls, verbal reports, visible signs of fire, or when a signal is received. automatic systems alerts.
A separate person is appointed. Such an employee makes all key decisions, defines boundaries and can use ordinary people. The work of the fire department is regulated by the combat regulations. The shift of guard on duty is always in full readiness. Employees wear uniforms and strictly adhere to discipline. Professional skills and physical fitness are maintained at a high level.
All calls are accepted. He must monitor the situation in the area, know important objects and their characteristics, be aware of the state of technology and equipment. Keeps logs where he records incoming calls and is in touch with departments. Presents reports to superiors on work results.
Organization of performance
Fire protection is a complex government instrument. Such a system can be managed only with planning and strict control. The work of any body, department, and even volunteer is regulated by the Federal Fire Service.
To ensure proper functioning of the system, it is necessary to know the real state of affairs in the fire department. The collection and processing of data on technical means fire extinguishing The work of all departments is monitored, measures are taken to modernize equipment and improve the qualifications of employees. Also federal Service resolves administrative issues related to personnel, supervises logistics.
In accordance with the regulations, it takes part in and facilitates special examinations of fire-fighting equipment and licensing work. Partially coordinates the activities of accredited certification bodies within its competence. This also applies to testing laboratories. Organizations must be part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations system.
The labor and life safety of fire department employees is important. The Ministry of Emergency Situations developed and implemented regulations for firefighters, determining measures for their protection. State employees fire service have the right to receive free clothing and special-purpose equipment. Supplied machines, extinguishing equipment, means personal protection and firefighter suits are subject to certification.
Plans are being drawn up to improve the work of the fire department. They are developed several years in advance and affect all aspects of activity.
Efficiency is assessed through indicators. Thus, the implementation of targeted safety programs in past years led to a reduction in mortality, the total number of victims, and economic damage by more than 20% during fires. The programs are aimed at implementing advanced technologies and improving the material base.
Hierarchy in management
The first link in the chain of governing bodies is the Government of the Russian Federation, which exercises general management. The Ministry of Emergency Situations is in second position, but a fairly large part of the units are subordinate to other departments. For example, stewing forest fires does not relate to the official responsibility of the specified ministry, but is subordinate to Rosleskhoz. However, departmental fire departments coordinate their activities with the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Putin and Medvedev can rub people's ears into tears beautiful words about supporting small and medium-sized businesses, but nothing in our long-suffering country will change as long as there are top officials in power, Bolshevik ministers, damn it, like Puchkov, who don’t give a damn about the Law, about the development of business in the country and about private property. I read this letter in the original, it contains lies and verbiage, but the key phrase in it is: “Therefore, it is necessary to abolish the private fire brigade by transferring movable and immovable property within the existing fire and rescue garrisons to other types of fire brigade, as well as providing employment for firefighters.” ...Again, the skeletons of the Bolsheviks crawled out of the cracks with cobwebs to take everything away and divide it? You have to be such a sapper who became a minister not to ask the executor of the document what the movable and immovable property of a private security company is!!! It is, of course, a trifle, but the movable and immovable property of the private security company is fire trucks, fire-fighting equipment, equipment, office buildings and firefighting equipment, which are the PRIVATE PROPERTY of various LLCs and individual entrepreneurs who received from the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation LEGAL and LIFETIME Licenses for fire-fighting activities .The private fire brigade began to be created in December 1991. Immediately after the death of the USSR and the proclamation of capitalism in Russia. Until 1993, the activities of “IChP” (individual private enterprises, as the current “LLCs” were called in those years) in extinguishing fires were not prohibited by law, and therefore were permitted. Somewhere from 1993, the activities of individual private entrepreneurs in extinguishing fires began to be licensed in accordance with the Orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Federal Licensing Law individual species activities appeared only in September 1998. Existing since 1991, private fire protection, as a type of fire protection, was included in the Federal Law “On Fire Safety” only in August 2004, the famous Federal Law-122. Since then, THIS IS A LEGAL TYPE OF FIRE PROTECTION.
Why did the current Minister of Emergency Situations Puchkov not like private fire protection? Which he, in a Bolshevik manner, decided to liquidate as a class, sorry, as a species, on July 20, 2017! And he didn’t like it because the private security company began to win the “contractual divisions of the FPS State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia” in the competition! This is what experts have foreseen since 2008, and they argued for their predictions on the pages of the site “0-1. RU". The fact is that the leadership of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and Puchkov personally, when he was a deputy minister and was involved in lawmaking, did not resolve one of the main, strategic issues in organizing the FPS, the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. They were never able to approve in the Government of Russia the LIST OF FACILITIES AT WHICH A State Fire Service (FPS) IS MANDATORY CREATE, which was provided for by the early editions of the Federal Law “On Fire Safety”. Eh, if they had done this by mid-2008, there would have been no point in coming up with “contractual units of the FPS”, and there would have been an OBJECT FIRE PROTECTION of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, CREATE IN A MANDATORY ORDER at large public and private production, as well as military facilities, and there would have been If only private fire protection would flourish quietly in distant fields, where the creation of a State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is not necessary!
But Puchkov, being a deputy minister, failed this job. And since 2009, the “contractual FPS of the Ministry of Emergency Situations” began to steadily slide into the abyss, losing tenders as an economically clumsy, overflowing with unnecessary management staffing units government structure...
Therefore, by July 2017, Puchkov realized that the only way to win the competition with ChPO was to eliminate it as a type of fire service. “ABOLISH private fire protection,” as he writes in his letter to the leaders of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation! But such an understanding needs to be justified somehow! But the Ministry of Emergency Situations has no clear evidence of poor combat readiness of the emergency response team and poorly extinguished fires. Therefore, in his letter, Minister Puchkov is simply lying.
Well, for example, Puchkov lies that private security is more expensive than fire protection! Alas, its contractual units of the Federal Border Guard Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are more expensive, which is why they lose in tenders!
Puchkov writes in his letter that the private security company is less equipped and prepared. But this is not true! The private security company is equipped in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations that the people of Puchkov from DND impose on the customers of the private security company. It is equipped in accordance with licensing requirements! It was Puchkov’s people who prepared the project and coordinated the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 69 of 2012 “On licensing fire-fighting activities”! It’s Puchkov’s people who check the equipment, training and preparation of private security units and issue them Licenses for fire-fighting activities! If the Ministry of Emergency Situations issued a license, then everything is fine with the equipment!
Puchkov writes in his letter that the private security company does not take part in the activities of fire and rescue garrisons! Not true again! The participation of private security companies in the activities of fire and rescue garrisons is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated May 5, 2008 N 240 “On approval of the Procedure for attracting forces and means of fire departments, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations.” By this Order, the Ministry of Emergency Situations established that private security organizations take part “BY CONSENT with the owner of the protected organizations.” Hello!!! Chiefs! It is the Ministry of Emergency Situations that DEFINED this, and not the emergency department that puts a spoke in the wheels of fire and rescue garrisons!
Puchkov writes that the training of private security personnel is not carried out on an ongoing basis! Another lie! Preparation for private professional training is carried out on the basis of licensing requirements established by the RF PPr No. 69 -2012 and Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2007 No. 645. All these documents were prepared in the depths central office Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. As you stated in them, this is how it is conducted, and if it is not conducted as such, then the Ministry of Emergency Situations has the legal right to suspend the license of the private security company, and not to complain to the heads of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
Puchkov also praises departmental, municipal and voluntary fire protection. Almost no existing species fire department!
Large departmental fire departments (with the exception of departments not supervised by the Ministry of Emergency Situations: the Ministry of Defense, Russian Railways, Civil Aviation and something else secret) DO NOT EXIST in Russia. Even the largest private fire department, which was created back in Yukos and then moved to Rosneft: “Rosneft-Fire Safety”, it is not departmental, it is an LLC, i.e. joint stock, i.e. private, i.e. also works to make a profit. The same is true in Gazprom divisions.
The municipal fire service was covered with a copper basin long ago when the State Fire Service of the Subjects of the Russian Federation was created. GPS subjects and absorbed the entire MPO. There is NO municipal fire department in Russia!
Voluntary fire protection is a “filkin’s certificate”, everyone knows that Puchkov ordered that the Voluntary Fire Department be numbered at a MILLION VOLUNTEERS! As the minister ordered, so they did! So they reported to the minister. Like here it is, a million volunteers! No one will conduct an audit of this million volunteers. Licensing for fire extinguishing for DPO was canceled on time, which means there is no need to check.!!! But paper will endure anything! THEY DO NOT CHECK GENTLEMEN, THEY TAKE GENTLEMEN'S WORD!
And even in his last sentence, Puchkov managed to write a lie that the abolition of the private fire department,... I quote: “will reduce the financial burden on budgets at all levels, reducing the costs of ensuring fire safety”... L a d e c ts!!! ...Let's figure it out! In the private security company where I, a personnel fire specialist, work, there are about 50 main and special fire trucks, as well as two of our own repair bases! They were not stolen, but acquired and built over the 25 years of our organization’s existence, since 1991 as an individual private enterprise, and since 1999 as an LLC, providing services in the field of fire extinguishing. All this movable and immovable property is the property of the founder of our private enterprise. We protect distant oil fields, at a distance of 60 to 150 km. from the locations of units of the Federal Border Guard Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Every day, about half of these vehicles are in combat crews...Attention question! Now, if we are ABOLISHED, who and with what money will immediately buy, well, if not 50, then 25 fire trucks to replace us (and we won’t leave our cars to Puchkov, it’s better to sell them for scrap metal and for spare parts so that Minister Puchkov can wipe himself out)? The protected sites where we are located do not have their own fire trucks and there is no money to buy new fire trucks! Puchkov also doesn’t have money for new cars to replace us; he would rather be in the city departments of the Federal Border Guard Service old equipment Changing it for a new one is a small joy! The constituent entity of the Russian Federation also does not have money for such a quantity of new equipment, not even for a couple of new firefighting tankers. The entity should slowly replace the fire trucks in the State Fire Service. The entity for the protection of rural settlements... I'm not even talking about the municipalities, they haven't bought fire trucks for 20 years, they somehow scrape together a pretty penny for motor pumps in the villages... So I just told about 50 firefighters cars of our private company! How many such private security companies are there throughout Russia? Did Puchkov consider this?
Final question. What kind of stupid asshole, or what assholes, came up with the idea of abolishing private security in the current hungry and credit-less years, and what kind of asshole executive prepared this letter for Puchkov to sign?
