The forest is an important and irreplaceable source of many healthy products, without which it is difficult to imagine comfortable life modern man. In addition, it has important environmental, healing and sanitary significance. Saturates the air with essential chemical elements, cleans it of industrial emissions, so it can rightfully be called an oxygen factory.
Charges followed Mr. “I asked them who they were and they said they worked for the company,” said one villager, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he faces charges he believes were brought against him as a result of his protests against logging.
“They use company trucks and they transport the trees to the company,” he said. There was a Madi plantation on it. We've seen companies go beyond their concessions. They take the timber to their plantations and then ship it,” he said. The authorities know.
Irresponsible human attitude and natural disasters lead to a decrease in the amount of forest land. The most terrible threat that can destroy forest plantations in a matter of hours is fire.
The most pressing problem with the arrival of warm, sunny days is the provision of fire safety. In the article Protect the forest from fire, we will consider in more detail: what such an event includes, why fires in the forest are so dangerous, and what types exist.
The station is directly across the street from the towering gate at the entrance of Mr. A simple six-foot wall runs around a couple of base buildings with low noise levels. Inside, watching TV, was the station director, Hui Sokun. He said his 15 rangers patrol the area's share of the sanctuary daily.
There are still some animals, but not many, he said. But when the conversation turned to sensitive topics - how does he protect a sanctuary stripped of its forests? Madi declined to speak to a reporter when contacted for this story. Feap visited the plantation two weeks ago for the official opening. Standing next to him for the ribbon cutting ceremony was a beaming Sam Sam, the environment minister.
Forest fires: characteristics and tactics to combat them
Any spark can lead to a fire that is uncontrollable and spreads at high speed, destroying vegetation, animals, nearby settlements and people. A fire in a forest can cover vast areas, leaving bare dead earth in its place. It brings enormous economic losses, disrupts the ecological balance and sanitary conditions.
We thought there was a forest there, but there is no jungle anymore. That's why we are issuing this concession. If there is a jungle there, we don't allow it. Some of them were cleaned by people. Look, wood is part of our culture. People build houses from wood, they still need wood for fuel consumption.
Sam Al blamed some of the criticism Cambodia has endured for the way it has treated its forests for faulty Western thinking. "If you use a mentality from the Western world, this won't happen," he said. You know the forest is gone when we give it away.
All forest fires are divided into types:
- , spread along the bottom. In this case, only moss, peat bogs, and plants burn out. The trees themselves are usually not affected by fire. You can add to this list
- . Most dangerous look. The fire moves along the treetops, and the fire covers the entire forest area. Often it is these forest fires that can spread to neighboring towns and villages.
The strength and direction of the wind can complicate the emergency situation. The development of forest fires largely depends on the condition of the soil and the dryness of the vegetation. At the initial stage, the simplest and in an effective way The way to extinguish a fire is to cover its edge with improvised means - branches of deciduous trees. If the desired result is not achieved, then it is necessary to resort to throwing loose soil onto the fire.
The Ministry of Environment's own reports agree with them. The study showed "exemplary" riparian areas and animal communities within the sanctuary. More carbon emissions generally mean more biomass. More biomass means healthier forest. Forest Trends also looked at fires in several protected areas and found "average" emissions levels in Beng Per, a nature reserve wildlife Kulen-Promtep and the Seimy Nature Reserve, confirming that “they have retained significant biomass.”
Canby said this makes the country's specially protected areas. One cubic meter one of best breeds timber can earn thousands. At these rates, the main concession can quickly pay for itself and more. The volume of valuable, dense evergreen forests is disproportionately high in those concessions that are located in protected areas.
It is almost impossible to put out a large forest fire on your own. In this situation, you should call the appropriate services and go to a safe place. It is advisable to move towards a pond, road or forest edge. Moreover, the direction should be perpendicular to the fire itself. Move with your head down to the ground, the smoke level is much lower there.
The government admits this is a problem. The Environment Ministry's other main defense for turning vast swathes of protected areas into rubber companies is economical: as a poor, developing country, Cambodia needs jobs and industry.
“We are providing economic concessions for land, hoping to build our economy,” Mr. He said the ministry wants to get the villagers out of the forest. "What we're trying to do is develop our agro-industry, create jobs for our people, so hopefully they're no longer dependent on the forest, they're dependent on something else, skills," he said.
You should not approach smoldering peat bogs. They are dangerous because of their scorched depressions, which are not visible. Usually such places are not extinguished, but are only controlled by digging or creating special ditches. The danger of burning peat bogs is that it can develop into an underground fire and spread to tree roots.
The Environment Ministry says it saw about 143 between them when Mr Hun Sen negotiated the new concessions three years ago. However, he has no evidence to support the claim, and every new study says otherwise.
More than half of them said they lost land to the concessions. Three out of four said they had turned down jobs offered by companies or stopped working because wage was too low because they felt cheated or were angry at the firms for taking their farms.
If you have no choice, and you cannot go around the burning swamp, then be sure to take a stick and probe the place in front of you. Don't rush, it's better if someone belays you with a rope.
Protect the forest from fire: reasons and fire safety
Carrying out fire prevention measures is carried out not only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but also, in accordance with the Forest Code, by the Ministry of Defense and Nature of the Russian Federation. The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for the safety of specially protected lands of the country's natural fund.
The Journal of Land Use Policy published a similar study last month. They say rubber plantations made them turn to agriculture all year round and that it’s worse for them. It is said that most of the jobs on the plantations have gone to outsiders. We lost our lakes, we lost our jobs. There are no animals in the trap, no forest,” Sok Chit said. If minorities use the forest, it is good for 17 lives. But the company uses it, and everything went away.
Cambodian Kuy communities spread throughout Doha Vihear, from Ben Per in the south to the border with Laos and Thailand. Like most of the country's indigenous communities, they believe in spirit forests and have practiced rotational farming for generations, relying on their forests for the rest.
All responsibility for organizing work aimed at protecting forest areas from fires rests with state special-purpose organizations, as well as with their subordinate management bodies.
The Ministry of Emergency Situations services provide extinguishing of forest fires only in territories that do not belong to the Ministry of Defense and are not included in the category of specially protected sites. On fire safety Enormous funds are allocated from state and local budgets, but spontaneous fires are not decreasing.
Chit, tall, difficult person sharp-eyed, agitated as he spoke, brushing off his wife's pleas to calm down. They prevent the villagers from collecting things from the forest. When we do something they tell us to stop, they tell us we need to ask for permission,” he said. Companies just want us to starve. If the government ignores us, we will not exist. The government just wants to kill Kui. The government wants to kill people. The forest cannot grow because it kills the roots.
Instead of these roots, most of the plantings taken are planted with rubber. In a speech two years ago, the prime minister outlined his vision of making rubber Cambodia's next big crop, second only to rice. In the next five years, he said the plantations would employ more than 1 million people and export 1 million tons of rubber.
The causes have the following classification:
- Human factor.
This is the most common reason for most natural fires. Failure to comply with the simplest rules of behavior on vacation, ignoring the ban on lighting fires in dry, hot weather, as well as a consumerist and unreasonable attitude towards natural objects is often a real threat to the forest belt. Despite the warnings of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the spread of various reminders “Protect the forest from fire“, people do not stop exposing forest thickets to fiery danger through their actions.
Hun Sen said his plan struck the perfect balance between development and conservation, noting that about half the country is still covered in forest. This shows the government is balancing the need to create jobs to reduce poverty with the need to protect the environment due to rubber trees being considered part of the forest cover, he said.
But researchers and conservationists say rubber plantations are no match for healthy natural forests. K. published the first review of other studies conducted on the impact of rubber plantations on biodiversity in Cambodia and throughout the region. Their paper said the plantations had been “catastrophic” for endangered species.
The most important rule that all lovers of outdoor recreation should remember is not to leave anything behind. Smoldering logs, a dropped match or cigarette, broken glass or a bottle can cause a fire. Sun rays They use any glass as a magnifying glass, which can cause dry vegetation to smolder. Be careful around open flames. Do not light fires on the ground. Remember that damage to forests is punishable by a fine.
Lead researcher Eleanor Warren-Thomas said they were a "disaster" for protected areas. "In our paper we show that rubber plantations are not particularly important for biodiversity compared to natural forest," she said. Clearing natural forest for conversion into large-scale, monoculture rubber, especially in protected areas known to have exceptional biodiversity value, is a disaster for biodiversity.
There is already evidence that birds the bats and beetles suffer in rubber plantations, and it is extremely unlikely that Cambodia's amazing mammal species such as gibbons, banteng and elephants could ever persist in the rubber monoculture landscapes that are springing up around the country, she said. “Cambodia has globally unique species and forest ecosystems that exist nowhere else on the planet at the same scale; turning them into rubber is a huge loss.”
- The reason is man-made
Many manufacturing enterprises are located near forests. All of them are designed and built taking into account all the requirements of fire services, and should not pose a threat. However, waste from enterprises is often not disposed of properly, which leads to contamination of the area and fires in unfavorable weather conditions.
Hardtke, a conservationist, agreed. Monoculture plantations are not forests,” he said. Parking aside, nothing could be more controversial with biodiversity and wildlife conservation. The idea that rubber plantations, for example, can be considered “wildlife reserves” is preposterous.
Even in financially plantations may not be best choice countries. They looked at rubber, cassava and cashew grown by smallholders versus agribusiness, and whether they cleared forests to grow them. Managing natural forests to grow rubber on an industrial scale was, in their opinion, the worst option.
In addition, man-made accidents with disruption of power supply may well occur in production facilities. Such emergencies can also go beyond production and spread to forest lands.
Fire safety in wood processing plants should be given special attention Special attention. Timely verification technological equipment, preventive work with staff, and control over waste processing, serve as a guarantor of the safety of the nearby forest area.
The rubber is collected from plantations in the Bain Pere Wildlife Sanctuary. That is why the government decided to issue Directive 01,” he said, citing Mr. Since the order, the department says it has canceled 23 of its 113 concessions and cut four. It said four other firms voluntarily returned their concessions.
Officials said the applications were in the pipeline before the Prime Minister's order came down. Mr Sopeap, from the Ministry of Environment, said he would continue his concession but would still have to carry out an impact assessment on environment, although he had already cut down almost every tree that was there.
- Natural factor
Forest fires can also occur for natural reasons. For example, due to spontaneous combustion of peat, coal or other minerals, as well as as a result of a lightning strike on a tree. According to statistics, cases of natural disasters occurring are extremely rare. major fire in the forest due to the intervention of natural forces. This factor comes last on the list of main reasons.
The spokesman said the assessment could still be useful in protecting the area's rivers and streams and could be used to help compensate the community for any damage caused. Very little has changed on the ground, Mr. Hardtke said. I don't know how much decision-making power the new minister actually has, but so far the review looks a lot like window dressing.
Regarding protected areas, he said the entire system needed major renovation. Other conservationists in Cambodia are also proposing redrawing the boundaries of the ministry's protected areas, abandoning what can no longer be preserved and not doing what it can.
Reminder: Protect the forest from fire
With the onset of the warm spring and summer season, you should remember the main prohibitions that help maintain fire safety in forests:
- Do not throw smoldering matches, cigarette butts and other spontaneously combustible materials into bushes, dry leaves or the ground
- Refrain from lighting fires near young trees or deposits of fossil fuels (peat, coal). It is also dangerous to do this under the canopy of trees.
- Take all trash with you, especially glass items.
- It is forbidden to independently anneal dry vegetation, even garden plot. You can read about it in our article.
- Do not leave a lit fire unattended, and do not assign this task to young children.
- When leaving your vacation spot, look around carefully. Be sure to fill the fire with plenty of water.
Any small fire can grow into a major natural disaster, which, depending on the consequences, can incur not only disciplinary and administrative liability, but also criminal liability.
Cambodia is pretending that it is going to protect 26 percent of its land. So let's be reasonable and honest about this,” said one longtime conservationist in the country, who asked not to be identified because of his ongoing collaboration with the government.
So why would there be a ranger station there and pretend it was protected? Let's find the 12 percent that we really want to protect and let's protect it,” he said. He said if companies developed the boundaries of protected areas and used the proceeds to preserve the core, the way the Protected Area Act is designed to work was still a good idea.
Need totake careforest
Plan
1. In the forest in autumn.
2. Forest is our wealth:
a) the forest is a source of inspiration and health;
b) the forest is a wonderful fairy tale;
c) the threat of destruction of green spaces.
3. Protect forests!
Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland. M. Prishvin
There is probably no such person who has not been in the forest. The forest is beautiful all year round. But it especially amazes with its grandeur in the fall. Purple and crimson, yellow and here and there green. Autumn is a sad, but at the same time a wonderful time. In the forest you can understand how nature says goodbye to autumn. Fallen leaves rustle underfoot. Late flowers are still blooming here and there. Sometimes a breeze blows, and then the leaves rush in a race. They seem to want to escape autumn and return to the warm summer. The air in the forest is clear and quiet.
The forest is a source of inspiration and health. Resting in the forest, we get a boost of energy, because the air in the forest is healing. It lengthens our life. It is much cleaner and healthier than the air in cities. It has been proven that green spaces reduce dust levels in the air by two and a half times. Remember how easy it is to breathe in sun-warmed forests and what an amazing state of joy and strength overcomes us when we enter the forest from stuffy city houses. The air in the forest is especially useful after rain. It is fragrant, fresh, full of ozone. And there is a desire to try it, to take it home with you to enjoy its amazing smell for a long time.
The forest is a wonderful fairy tale. And each of us wants to get into this fairy tale to admire nature and take a break from the bustle of the city. Together with S. Yesenin see how
Bewitched by the invisible
The forest slumbers under the fairy tale of sleep, Like a white scarf, a pine tree is tied up.
But the forest is not always quiet. How many mushroom pickers can you see in the fall! They comb the forest, get into the deepest wilderness. It’s good if these are experienced mushroom pickers who will think about the mycelium. And how many can be found in forest clearings in warm days vacationers who leave behind bottles, bags, broken trees, fireplaces and return home with a huge bouquet of forest flowers. There is nothing more terrible than the sight of fellings, burnt areas, and wastelands caused by human ignorance. Spring burning of dry grass, which often leads to fires, causes great harm to nature. Back in the last century, people started talking about the symptoms of a phenomenon that was called the “ecological crisis” and which now poses a serious danger to human existence. Thus, scientists have calculated that up to a dozen species of animals and one species of plant are now irretrievably disappearing on the planet every week. Over the past three hundred and fifty years, about one hundred and fifty species of birds have disappeared on Earth.
The forest is our assistant in the struggle for the harvest. It stores moisture, stops dry and hot winds, and is a moisture condenser: fog, dew, frost. Rivers originate from forest swamps. Places where forests have been destroyed are more susceptible to erosion from melt water and rain. Everyone knows about this, but they continue to cut down timber in places convenient for removal: near roads, on hills, along river banks. The soil remains without moisture, and rivers can overflow their banks due to excess water. It is impossible to list all the disasters that come from the destruction of forests.
Everyone probably knows how much is being done in our country to protect nature. Young forests are planted over large areas and animals are settled. But all these good deeds will not achieve maximum results if everyone does not realize that man is the guardian of forests, and forests need protection from man. When you come to the forest, do not forget that we are not only hosts, but also guests. By harming forests, we harm ourselves.
