Now, in order.
My colleague, dear Volzhanin, is right as always. If we are talking about dispatching, this is one thing. If we are talking about fire monitoring, this is completely different. There is no need to confuse one with the other and be indignant at his behavior. Here we have him as a classic of the genre. He won’t take someone else’s, but he won’t give up his own either.
Now, within the framework of fire monitoring, it is necessary to distinguish between objects of categories F1.1, F1.2. F4.1 and F4.2. from everyone else. This is dogma.
For these facilities, according to Federal Law No. 123, there is a unified fire monitoring system with duplication (I emphasize - with duplication, since these objects must have a 24-hour security post) of signals through Strelets-Monitoring at TsUS-01, i.e. in DDS Ministry of Emergency Situations.
According to SP5.13130, objects that do not have 24-hour security posts go there, i.e. in DDS Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Allowed according to 13.14.5.
"Reception and control devices, as a rule, should be installed in a room with personnel on duty around the clock. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in rooms without personnel on duty around the clock, providing separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, condition technical means to a room with personnel on duty around the clock, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels. In this case, the room where the devices are installed must be equipped with security and fire alarms and protected from unauthorized access."
But this immediately contradicts 14.4.
“Notifications about the malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, monitoring and control of technical means of warning people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and other installations and devices fire protection.
The design documentation must identify the recipient of the fire notification to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.
On class objects functional hazard F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to use technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference of at least the 3rd degree of severity according to GOST R 53325-2009.
If there are no personnel on site on duty 24/7, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly designated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about fire to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.
At the same time, measures must be taken to increase the reliability of fire notifications, for example, the transmission of “Attention”, “Fire” notifications, etc.
Now according to clause 13.14.5.
What kind of technical means can be used for this? Here, after all, monitoring, and constant monitoring, of this very channel for transmitting notifications is required. What kind of technical means are these?
Let's move on to Art. 46 Federal Law No. 123. There we find for this SPIP - fire notification transmission systems.
Where are the requirements for them? In section 9 of GOST 53325-2012.
Do the SPIs applied by the ORO comply with it? Of course not. Since they use SPIs of a completely different class and with different requirements.
Now a different question.
Three false messages arrived from the facility to the control panel of this private organization. We went to the first two, but didn’t call for the third. People died and there was great material damage. Who is to blame for the late delivery of the notice?
There is a law on private detective and security activities in this regard. It states that private enterprises can perform the following functions: installation burglar alarm, organizing access control at enterprises and protecting facilities using technical means. There is no talk of any fire safety functions there and cannot be. In this case, according to the law, no one has any rights to make any claims against the emergency organization in the event of a fire, even if the fire alarm. Who made the illegal decision to vest the rights of a private limited company under fire department object. Facility management. Well, we’ll put him in jail for 15 years.
But what you do in this situation is up to you to choose. There are laws, there are arbitrage practice, but there is a desire of the customer. The desire of the customer does not always coincide with the capabilities or views of the contractor.
About the project new edition SP5 need not be under any illusions. For many reasons it was returned for revision. And the mentioned version regarding fire monitoring is one of them.
Imagine that suddenly they were allowed to transmit a fire signal to any organization, as long as there was a 24-hour man on duty and using any technical means.
From city A from the children's rehabilitation center, a fire signal automatically goes to city B via the GSM channel. And not just anywhere, but to Uncle Petya’s garage. And from there, completely drunk, this uncle Petya must make a long-distance call to city A to transmit a signal about the fire. But Uncle Petya did not have money on his phone to make long-distance calls. What do you think about it. But the rule-makers from VNIIPO do not see any problems here. That's why they were pushed back.
And when it comes to choosing a communication channel, there are also a lot of problems here.
In general, I give you links to my materials regarding the organization of fire monitoring:
http://avtoritet.net/library/press/2...
http://avtoritet.net/library/press/2...
http://avtoritet.net/library/press/2...
http://avtoritet.net/library/article...
Read it and figure it out.
But then you can search here on this forum regarding the legal force of the relationship with the private limited liability company. I wrote a lot here at one time with excerpts from our legislation. Everything here is not as simple as it seemed and wanted, but it is very interesting and informative. This is exactly what our dear Volzhanin mentioned here.
In short, this is your first breath. When you figure this out, you can continue to delve into this problem.
Automation and dispatch systems are a unified control system for a separate building, a complex of buildings or a separate area within an industrial, commercial, public or residential facility.
Why are dispatch systems attractive for business? First of all, the opportunity to significantly reduce personnel costs. In modern economic conditions, replacing a person with a robot is the only the right decision to optimize production costs and operating costs. In addition, automation of engineering systems eliminates the intervention of the human factor and the problems arising from it, which, as is known, arise in enterprises with a large share of manual labor with enviable consistency.
The downside of progress is the release of a significant number of workers previously employed in providing engineering systems, which does not always mean a significant reduction in company personnel. Qualified employees can always be sent to other areas of production that is expanding by optimizing the management of engineering systems.
Modernizing the management of a facility's engineering systems has other advantages. Automation responds to changing conditions much more quickly. Thus, due to more precise control of the processes occurring in engineering systems, significant savings in fuel and electricity are achieved, and there is also a reduction in equipment wear, accidents, and, consequently, the need for frequent repairs and replacement of components and mechanisms included in the engineering system.
Tasks and principles of operation of dispatch systems
The operating principle of engineering systems control systems is to provide all system blocks with control controllers. The controllers collect information about the operation of the units, and also ensure that the central post receives data at a specified frequency. Each controller installed in a specific area is programmed individually, taking into account all the requirements and operating features of this unit. Collected together, the data coming from the controllers is systematized in a central control room and, using special software, compiled into a single whole - a graphically displayed report on the operation of the system in real time.
However, the role of controllers is not limited to collecting data about the operation of the system. the main task dispatch systems consists of managing the facility's engineering systems.
The dispatch system controls refrigeration systems fire alarm, monitors and manages air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems, and also regulates room lighting. In addition, the dispatch system is responsible for the timely operation of smoke ventilation in the premises.
The system collects, systematizes and catalogs information coming from controllers. If deviations from the specified parameters are detected, the system sends a signal to the controller, which adjusts the operation of this module to achieve standard parameters.
In addition, the system analyzes overall energy costs and adjusts the operation of all modules to achieve significant energy savings.
Operational information about the state of the system as a whole and individual modules is displayed in the control room in an easy-to-read graphical form of tables and diagrams. This principle of presenting information allows you to assess the operational situation at a glance, and, if necessary, adjust the operation of the system from the control panel.
System software
The equipment for dispatching engineering systems is supplied complete with specialized software. This software collects and processes information, automates the processes of its processing, graphical display, and also manages all modules of the facility’s engineering system.
Processor microcontrollers are programmed directly during system design for each specific module. Each controller is connected to parameter sensors for collecting information, power cabinets of modules for control, and a central dispatch console for adjusting module control within the system as a whole.
The controllers on each module operate autonomously, but are adjusted by the system as necessary.
The software is installed on the main server in the central control room. The display shows graphic diagram systems. Changes in the operation of the system are displayed and echoed by sound signals.
The introduction of automation and dispatch systems today is a mandatory item during the construction of any facility for everyone who sets themselves the following tasks:
- optimize the costs of consumed resources (water, electricity, gas, heat);
- ensure automated and coordinated operation of heating, air conditioning, water supply, ventilation and fire protection systems;
- make it possible to monitor and manage engineering systems from one point;
- reduce the risk of accidents and premature wear of equipment;
- create and maintain maximum comfortable conditions for people and a stable background for flow technological processes.
CROC has been automating and dispatching building engineering systems for more than 20 years. Our accumulated experience allows us to implement automated systems of any level in office and industrial buildings, as well as in shopping centers, data centers and sports facilities.
Local automation
No matter how reliable and intelligent the system is, any engineering solutions require local automation, because it is this that ensures the independent operation of the equipment and its protection if necessary. This is a kind of “handbrake” that prevents breakdowns in emergency situations and allows specialists to adjust the operation of the equipment manually. For local control of engineering systems, CROC specialists can offer both ready-made cabinets automation, as well as individually assembled solutions for the project that can be integrated into common system dispatching.
"Smart Office"
Room or office automation is a solution that allows you to maintain temperature, air exchange, lighting and microclimate as a whole at the proper level, while maintaining a balance of energy efficiency. The controllers underlying such systems compare data from various sensors and, based on this, implement the automatic scenarios embedded in them. Depending on the composition of the systems, such scenarios can control both the switching on of lamps in the presence of a person and the change in the volume of air supplied to the room depending on the CO2 level. In connection with the dispatch system room automation can be controlled centrally and remotely, but users themselves can always set the necessary parameters manually.
Building management systems
Automated systems operational dispatch control (ASODC) are indispensable for large facilities, where it is important to have accurate data on the condition of each component of the engineering infrastructure. Their goal is to read data from each local automation device and provide it to facility operation specialists in an informative and visual form.
ASODU includes a data transmission network, computing resources, a set of information display tools, interface converters, specialized software, as well as protocols through which information is exchanged between controllers, actuators and sensors. As a result, the operator receives a holistic picture of the state of engineering systems on the control panel screen.
Energy management system
At large facilities, the issue of resource consumption is always quite acute, since it is directly related to the amount of operating costs. The introduction of energy management systems (EMS) solves the issue of collecting and providing visual information from all gas, water, electricity and heat meters installed at the facility. This significantly simplifies settlements with tenants and allows for timely optimization of resource consumption.
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Data Center Infrastructure Management System
It's no secret that in data centers it is important to maintain certain parameters temperature and humidity. But it is also extremely important how much electricity is consumed by the entire data center system and its individual elements, because based on this data it is determined what the current energy efficiency ratio is.
In addition to issues of ensuring conditions for the correct operation of server equipment, questions often arise related to the racks themselves: for example, where are the free computing resources and what needs to be done to scale the infrastructure in the future? Data Center Infrastructure Management systems allow you to virtualize information about all physical and information assets of data centers, and CROC specialists have extensive experience in their design and implementation.
Monitoring systems for engineering systems and structures
There are structures that require special control not only from the facilities maintenance service, but also from the unified duty and dispatch service of the city or district. These can be nuclear and hydroelectric power plants, stadiums, large hotels, concert venues and other crowded objects. It is for such places that SMIS/SMIC are intended. These systems collect and transmit data on the state of engineering infrastructure and the load on structures to the EDDS, so in the event of a threat of emergency or terrorist attack, measures will be taken immediately.
Operation process control system
The operation process management system (Computer-aided facility management (CAFM) is the management of material resources and processes inside buildings and structures that are not related to the main activities at these facilities. The system automates the main information processes in the work of the operation service, which allows reducing the consumption of energy resources and reduce building maintenance costs, optimize the use of equipment, effectively manage operational personnel, and promptly prevent abnormal and emergency situations.
IN modern building There are dozens of different engineering systems in operation, and automation and dispatch systems are designed to ensure the efficient functioning of these systems. The use of automation and dispatch in the building infrastructure makes it possible to monitor the status of individual systems, record their operating parameters, reduce energy and heat costs, equipment wear, and promptly respond to emergency situations.
The automation and dispatch system is traditionally divided into 3 levels:
- Periphery equipment;
- Field controllers;
- Top level system.
Periphery equipment these are various kinds of sensors (water pressure, water temperature, air temperature, etc.), shut-off and control equipment, actuators, valves.
Controllers this is the central part of automation and dispatch systems. Structurally, they can have a distributed structure of input/output modules, or they can be represented as a single block. Controllers are usually installed either in an automation cabinet or in combined wardrobe, including both the electrical part and the automation.
In the latter case, special measures must be taken to protect them from interference. Combining power cabinets and automation cabinets allows you to shorten cable routes and reduce the overall cost of installation. To exchange data between controllers, networks with their own data transfer protocols are used: Lonworks, BACnet, ModBus, EIB, KNX, C-Bus and others. Data transfer protocols can be either open or closed, used only by one controller manufacturer. The advantages of open protocols over closed ones are that the customer is not tied to a specific equipment manufacturer and can use controllers various companies using this open protocol.
Lonworks is the most common solution among open systems. There are millions of Lonworks-compatible devices installed around the world in offices, homes, factories, and transport. Lonworks devices are capable of transmitting information over twisted pair cable, Ethernet networks, optical fiber, infrared and radio channels. The Lonworks data transfer protocol is the same for all devices, ensuring compatibility various equipment: freely programmable controllers, panels for setting temperatures, valves, presence detectors, air conditioners, chillers, heat and electricity meters.
Upper level systems allow service personnel and users monitor the status of the system, quickly respond to emergency and pre-emergency situations, save process parameters and record operator actions for further analysis. Modern systems top level make it possible to:
- Creation of graphic screens, mnemonic diagrams, menu systems and windows for displaying technological information;
- Archiving of data transferred technological equipment or formed during processing;
- Archiving of events, alarm signals, as well as reporting;
- Protection against unauthorized access;
- Registration of system launches and other operator actions (system logging);
- Using a powerful statistical processing subsystem;
- Availability of a real-time database hosted in random access memory, where all system and user-defined variables associated with process data and display objects are located.
- To build a distributed hierarchical system in which the server collects and stores information, and workstations allow operators to interact with technological equipment independently of each other.
Modern large shopping centers, business buildings, as well as homeowners' associations and private properties require constant technical monitoring. Control of ventilation, water supply, electricity supply cannot be carried out without the help of special computer programs. They automatically control and change the operation of mechanisms, and in the case of possible malfunctions and in emergency situations the system supplies alarm signal. This building management system is called a “dispatch system”. We will tell you more about how it is designed and installed in our article.
Dispatch system: principles of operation
Modern control rooms are equipped with engineering systems control computers. They are connected to controllers in server and frequency converters on installed engineering equipment. Dispatch and automation systems are designed to facilitate monitoring of building equipment.
Using a computer, a dispatcher at an enterprise, and the owner or in a private home, monitors temperature changes supply air, pressure drops in pipes and controls other parameters of various equipment.
Remote control
Ventilation supply and exhaust units can be controlled remotely. By changing the opening percentage of the coolant valve, you can influence the supply air temperature. The building management system remotely controls the following objects:
- Main power distribution board and input distribution devices.
- Indoor and outdoor lighting.
- Gas supply.
- Supply and exhaust ventilation units.
- Air conditioners and fan coils.
- Water supply and sewerage.
- Drainage system (drainage pits and storm drainage).
- Fire alarm and fire-fighting air pressure.
- parking spaces.
- Control of access to the building.
- Elevator and escalator equipment.
Initial preparation and setup
You should think about installing the equipment described at the stage of designing dispatch systems by special contractors.
The project must provide cable channels connecting all equipment for communication with the server. The server units receive signals via cable from frequency generators located on installations, pumps, power equipment and other systems.
The server room should be placed in a separate, well-ventilated room in order to cool the power supplies and fans installed inside the server racks.
Installation work
Installation of dispatch systems is usually carried out by specially hired contractors. As a rule, they have their own finished projects, but can also work on customer projects. Maintenance of the dispatch system during the warranty service stage is carried out by the contractor who installed this equipment.
After the warranty period has expired, the work can be monitored by the on-duty team. Typically, system maintenance is carried out by a low-voltage engineer. Different teams have their own set schedule, and the efficiency of low-voltage workers with equipment depends on this.
Internal filling of the control system
There are several computer programs that monitor the equipment installed at the facility. Not so long ago, Honeywell and Johnson Controls programs were popular. Now new facilities usually install Siemens, Orion and other less common programs, as well as modified Honeywell and Johnson Controls.
The facility dispatch system requires constant monitoring and updating. Typically, all systems are installed with a long warranty period, and subsequently, after the end of the warranty period, the installation and maintenance obligations are performed by the same contractor companies.
For elevator equipment, everything is installed depending on which contractor company carries out the installation and Maintenance elevator dispatch systems (Kone-Lift, ThyssenKrupp AG, Otis and others).
How does a fire protection system work?
Automation is also installed on fire-fighting equipment. It is triggered when there is smoke and sends an alarm to the control room. The dispatcher sees the location of the sensor on the monitor and reports the incident to the duty shift.
If two work smoke detector, then the alarm message about immediate evacuation will sound throughout the building. At the same time, the air pressure system in the elevator shafts will turn on. The elevators will automatically descend to the first floor and open the doors without responding to calls or orders.
How is automation controlled?
The equipment installed in the building contains sensors and instrumentation. They collect information about the condition of the equipment and interact with controllers, which transmit a signal to the automation system and the computer installed in the control room. The operator-dispatcher sees the state of the system on the working monitor and, if necessary, controls the settings.
Ventilation automation regulates the set parameters according to the room temperature settings. If this air handling units equipped with a recuperator, heat exchanger and cold circuit, the automation maintains the desired temperature by closing or opening the cold (hot) water valve or increasing the rotation speed of the recuperator. The dispatcher observes all these changes on the monitor screen in the control room.
In the cold season, when the outside air temperature drops below twenty degrees Celsius, it is possible for the dispatcher or duty personnel to switch the units to manual mode to prevent the heat exchanger from freezing.
By setting the necessary parameters on his control panel (computer), the dispatcher monitors changes and the process of operation of the installations. Usually, leading engineers, taking care of the normal operation of the equipment, post a schedule and work schedule ventilation units at a special stand or in the dispatcher’s operational log. According to it, the dispatch system controls the processes of heat exchange and cooling.
Security systems
When mentioning dispatch control systems, we must not forget about special dispatch systems for security structures. They are called for short. It is not connected to the ventilation control system and other engineering equipment and is equipped with a special computer.
The control computer receives signals from all electromagnetic locks, turnstiles and other electronic readers, including the system for controlling the entry and exit of cars from the parking lot. All passes issued to employees and personnel have numbers that can be used to determine at what time the employee passed through the turnstile or door equipped with a magnetic lock. All this data, also transmitted by magnetic sensors, is sent to a special access control dispatch computer.
The remote access control system is connected to engineering system fire safety. When emergency situation it automatically unlocks the doors of all emergency exits.
An important place in the operation of building management systems is occupied by an uninterruptible power supply to the server. In the event of a voltage drop, it will save it on the control panel and allow you to turn off the systems without losing data.
Where are building management systems used?
No modern business center can do without building management systems. Even ordinary lighting in buildings is switched on through a dispatch system. In addition, security features play an important role in business centers. Consequently, access control systems are also installed. They ensure work as well as entry and exit from parking spaces. The same applies to elevator and escalator equipment.
In any building, the installation of dispatch systems facilitates the work of the staff on duty and allows you to save energy resources, creating comfortable conditions in the premises
