Vineyard layout. Distance between rows and bushes when planting grapes. At what distance to plant grapes of different varieties

When planting grapes, the distance between the bushes plays a very important role. A lot depends on this important aspect. For example, will a nearby tree block sunlight (this could affect the quality of the berries)? Before calculating the distance between bushes, you need to pay attention to several aspects.

Factors influencing the growth vigor of a grape bush: rootstock, variety, fertilizer, soil properties, weather conditions.

The degree of pruning and planting location as factors affecting the vigor of growth

Almost all winegrowers who have been engaged in this business for more than one year strive not only to comply with all the rules for planting a tree, but also to directly influence the quantity and quality of the harvest to the maximum. But this does not mean that there is a 100% guarantee that your harvest will be perfect. When landing, don’t forget that there is natural conditions, which you cannot influence. For example, heavy rainfall can destroy the entire root system. Hail can seriously injure the vegetative part. So, the factors that a person can control include the vigor of growth and the degree of pruning. Vigor is a measure of how quickly a tree can grow, and pruning rate is the number of buds per tree. square meter. In everything you need to achieve the so-called golden mean. Below are negative sides two extremes of growth force.

Sufficiently large growth force:

wood too rich in nutrients;
ineffective assimilation;
high probability of defeat;
wood ripening deteriorates;
too dense foliage;
Most of the fruits have no access to light and air.

These problems have disastrous consequences:

vulnerability to low temperatures;
risk of fungal infection;
the berries lose a significant amount of pigment;
harvest with uneven quality and quantity of berries;
low wort density;
low sugar content in berries, high acidity;
presence of the smell of unripe berries.

Growth vigor is weak:

inefficient photosynthesis process due to small leaf area;
disturbed ratio of grape berries or leaves;
insufficient amount of nitrogen for nutrition contained in yeast fruits due to a decrease in vegetative productivity against the background of generative productivity.

As a result, a number of other problems arise:

the wort density indicator drops noticeably;
the vineyard loses its properties very early and ages;
The fermentation procedure deteriorates and sometimes is completely disrupted.

As a result, it is necessary to strive for the average in everything, otherwise you can simply ruin not only the vineyards, but also a considerable harvest.

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What affects the growth of a bush?

There are factors on which the strength of growth depends:

load on the bushes (degree of pruning (number of buds per square meter), location, that is, square meter per bush);
variety;
rootstock;
fertilizer;
tillage system;
soil properties;
weather.

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Why is this useful to know?

Everything in viticulture is interconnected. Just as the growth force can be partially dependent on how far the bushes are located from each other, and vice versa, it is therefore very important to take into account absolutely all parameters, otherwise you may be mistaken with the distance.

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Calculation of the width between rows of grape bushes

There are three types of tree arrangement: moderate (2 bushes per square meter), medium (2-3 bushes per square meter), high (3 bushes per square meter). It’s not enough to just choose one of the three; it’s important to seat them correctly. Here we are faced with questions, for example: is it better to first choose the distance between the rows, and then only between the bushes in the rows, or is it better to do the opposite?

Oddly enough, it is more important and better to calculate the distance between the rows, and then only between the bushes, since, taking into account many years of practice, the same distance between the rows brings great benefits and greater convenience in growing, caring for and harvesting grapes. On average, as a rule, it varies between 1.8-2.3 m, and the border for tractors is 2 m. As for the distance between bushes in a row, this does not play a big role, so it may not be uniform. In addition to convenience in the economic sphere and the field of mechanization, it is necessary to calculate the distance between the rows in such a way that this does not affect the quality of the berries.

A very important condition for a good harvest is the presence of plenty of sunlight and good ventilation. This stabilizes assimilation and gives uniformity to the harvest. To meet these two criteria, it is necessary to calculate optimal width between the rows.

To maximum amount leaves received direct light, it is necessary to take into account the angle of the sun and the distance between the rows.

But this does not mean that the width should be large, then you may encounter the problem of the degree of trimming. It will increase, and as a result the density of vines and foliage will increase. This will lead to the fact that light and air will not reach the inner brushes. We again should adhere to the rule of the “golden mean”, because if in the first case the distance is small, we are faced with a lack of light due to the protection of one bush by another, then in the second case, when the distance has increased significantly, the number of eyes per square meter increases, As a result, we get uneven harvests due to dense foliage.

There are several conditions correct calculation width between rows for several types of grapes. For example, for white, the distance should be greater than the height of the leaves. For red grapes, things are a little more complicated. The long-term presence of sunlight is important for it, which increases the amount of pigment in the berry and reduces the acid content. If we increase the distance, we are faced with the problem of increasing acidity, so there is a certain “formula” for this variety. The height of the leaves should be approximately 1.2 times the width between the rows. In general, the degree of illumination depends not only on the grape variety, but also on the wine variety. Perhaps for some, the presence of a sufficient amount of acid and the absence of a high pigment content, etc. are important.

Many people love grapes, so they start growing them on their own plot. Viticulture is a fascinating business, but it has many of its own rules and nuances. You can’t do without certain knowledge here. One of the first questions that a novice winegrower has concerns the placement of bushes.

How to arrange grapes on your plot

The distance between grape bushes in a row and between rows is significantly influenced by the following factors:

Soil fertility. On fertile soil, grapes will grow more intensively, so you need to leave a greater distance to the next bush.
The magnitude of the growth force of bushes. If a vigorous variety is grown, it is also necessary to leave a greater distance between the bushes.
The nature of the intended grape molding. Future form in the horizontal direction (its size, number of sleeves and their location) is a significant point in determining the interval between bushes.
The need to cover the plant for the winter. Covered viticulture requires wide row spacing.
Trellis design. Single-lane options require less spacing between rows than two-lane options.

A two-strip trellis requires greater spacing between rows than a single-strip

From the above it is clear that the placement of grapes is determined by two parameters - the intervals between the bushes and the row spacing.

Exist general recommendations winegrowers according to the arrangement of plants on the site. It is considered optimal to place rows from north to south or from east to west, but in practice this advice is not always followed; it is often based on the shape of the site, the presence of buildings and other objects on it.

Regarding the layout of the grapes, the recommendations are as follows:

The row spacing should be greater than or at least equal to the distance between plants in the row.
For a single-plane trellis, an inter-row distance of up to 2.5 m is sufficient, but not less than 2 m.
When using two-plane trellises optimal distance between them is at least 2.5–3 m.
From one bush to another in a row, the distance can vary between 1.5–4 m. The feeding area required for each bush can be taken as a guide. It should be at least 5–6 m2.

Winegrowers who are most scrupulous about the issue of planting schemes can use existing methods for calculating its parameters for production purposes. For example, on 10.1 m you can place 5 rows of grapes, each 9.95 m long, with an interval of 2.4 m between them.

In any case, it should be understood that all theoretical recommendations are a skeleton on which you need to build the muscles of reality. They need to be adapted to specific conditions: the microclimate of the site, the composition of the soil, the grape variety, and the nature of its upcoming formation.

When planting crops on your site, you must not forget about the interests of your neighbors.

Clause 6.7. SNiP 30–02–97*, approved version dated December 30, 2010 No. 849 “Planning and development of the territory of gardening (dacha) associations of citizens, buildings and structures”, states that minimum distances to the neighboring area should be 4 m for the trunks of tall trees, 2 m for medium-sized trees, and 1 m for bushes.
Building regulationshttps://www.crimea.kp.ru/daily/25887/2848140/

*SNiP - building codes and rules.

Regardless of regulatory laws, the grape trellis should not shade the plants behind the boundary. In addition, the need to use chemicals to treat grapes can provoke conflict. Experienced lovers of viticulture advise not to plant grapes along the northern boundary with neighbors at all, but with a different arrangement of trellises, retreat about 3 m deep into your plot. If the trellis is located perpendicular to the boundary, you should form the outermost bush only inside your territory. With this solution to the issue, neither the vines nor the roots of the grapes will penetrate into the neighbors’ plot.

In areas where it is permissible to grow crops without shelter for the winter, bushes are often planted along the walls of buildings, near gazebos, arches, and pergolas. This landing has its own nuances.

The vineyard should be located near the wall of the building that is most illuminated during the day

When planting grapes near the wall of a building or structure, it is placed at a distance of 1–1.5 m from the foundation so that the roots of the plant do not destroy it, and the walls do not become damp when watering. Bring the crop to the wall using an inclined trellis. At the same time, we should not forget that this is a sun-loving plant, so it should be placed near the wall of the building that is most illuminated during the day.

For grape bushes near a gazebo, arch, or pergola, the following are important:

absence of nearby competing plants - shrubs and trees;
the location of the grapes outside the shadow of buildings and economic facilities.

If these conditions are met, the grapes will not only grow and develop successfully, but will also give good harvest berries

Video: grape planting schemes

Table: distance between grapes and objects on the site

Planting scheme depending on variety

One of the decisive points determining the grape planting scheme is the growth vigor of a particular variety:

vigorous;
medium height;
undersized.

For vigorously growing grapes, the shoots of which exceed 2 m, a larger feeding area is required - up to 5–6 m2. Based on this, as well as on the method of further formation of the bush, the distance to the neighboring one is determined. Thus, when forming in one sleeve with a row spacing of 2 m, a distance in a row of 2.5–3 m will be sufficient for vigorous grapes. When forming vines in two arms, when the shoulders of two adjacent bushes go towards each other, the distance between them should be no less 5–6 m.

Gross violation of the growing conditions necessary for grapes leads not only to a decrease in yield, but also to a loss of fruit quality.

Table: nutritional areas for different grape varieties

Greenhouse grapes

In many regions with cold climates and short summers, grapes are grown in greenhouses. Solid experience in such viticulture has already been accumulated. But this method is also used in regions where vines are traditionally grown. open ground, since the greenhouse protects the plant from many adversities - the vagaries of the weather, wasps and other pests, diseases.

Grape bushes in the greenhouse are placed at a distance of 2.5–3 m from each other

In a greenhouse, as viticulture practices testify, it is possible to plant 3 vines even with a small area of 6 m2. In this case, the planting scheme is no longer as important as the placement of the grapes. To prevent the plant from getting sunburn, in contact with the walls or roof of the greenhouse, a planting hole or trench for planting several vines is made at a distance of half a meter from the wall, and the top wire of the trellis should be no less than 0.4 m from the roof of the greenhouse. Several grape bushes in the greenhouse are placed at a distance 2.5–3 m from each other.

When growing grapes in a greenhouse, the choice of variety is of particular importance. The plant should not be vigorous, prone to forming a large number of stepsons, and in cold regions it is important that its ripening period is not very long. For example, in the Moscow region the following varieties are recommended for greenhouses:

Michurinsky;
Russian Korinka;
Moscow sustainable;
Northern early.

In the Urals and to the north, preference should be given to grapes:

The delight is perfect;
Black Hamburg;
Bulgaria is resilient;
Foster's is white.

Features of planting grapes in different regions

No matter how attractive greenhouse viticulture is, in the most different regions, regardless of the climate, there are still enthusiasts of growing vines in open ground. At the same time, the scheme and process of planting grapes undergo the most minor changes.

Ural and Siberia

In the Urals and Siberia, summers are short and winters are long and cold. In open ground, grapes grow slowly, so there are recommendations not to prune them for the first year or two so that the vine gains growth. Varieties are selected that are winter-hardy and have a minimum or medium ripening period. Recommended early frost-resistant varieties:

Li-4;
Alyoshenkin;
Violet early;
In memory of Golikov.

The planting density of the bushes also changes - each is allocated about 1 m2 for nutrition, but the depth of the planting pit increases to 1 m. In the trench, the bushes are placed at a distance of 1 m from each other. Of course, in these regions the grapes are covered for the winter.

In the Urals and Siberia, grapes have to be covered for the winter

Central Russia

In these places, viticulture began to develop relatively recently thanks to the emergence of new varieties bred by breeders. Such grapes have a short period of fruit ripening and manage to produce a harvest in a short summer. Here are the recommended varieties to plant:

Augustine;
Donskoy agate;
Alyoshenkin;
Alexander;
In memory of Dombkowska;
Rusevn;
Kuibyshev's firstborn;
Ilya Muromets;
Lucille.

The following planting scheme is used: in the row between bushes 1–3 m, between rows - 2–3 m. Planting depth - no more than 0.4 m.

Moscow region

This region became a springboard for the movement of grapes to the north. Ultra-, super- and simply early varieties are grown here, otherwise they will not have time to ripen, and have frost resistance down to -35ºC. The depth of the planting hole, depending on the density of the soil, can be from 0.2 to 0.5 m. It is recommended to leave 2 m between bushes, and 3 m between rows.

For many regions

Pink table grapes of the Russian early variety can be recommended for cultivation from Ukraine to the Urals, Siberia and Far East. It winters well at temperatures of -23ºС, that is, in more southern regions it can be grown without shelter, and in more northern regions it can be grown under careful shelter. They plant him in planting pits 80x80 cm, leave 2 m between bushes.

One of the oldest and most northern grape varieties, Amursky, is unpretentious, frost-resistant and perfectly adapts to growing conditions. You can grow it in any natural area. It can be cultivated as a technical one, then when planting, 0.8 to 1 m is left between seedlings. To obtain table grapes, this distance is increased to 1.5 m. The distance between rows is 2–2.5 m.

The correct grape planting scheme, correlated with all other parameters of vine cultivation, can be the key to successful viticulture, subject to further regular care for the plant in accordance with all the rules of agricultural technology.

If you intend to plant grapes on your own plot, you need to know all the features of this crop and follow the order of work. It's not enough to just choose suitable variety, it is also important to properly care for the vine, taking into account its specifics.

At what specific distance should grapes be planted? How to care for it and which varieties are best to choose? You will find answers to all these questions in this article.

Where to plant

Grapes are perennial plant, for this reason you need to take great responsibility when choosing a place to plant it. You should definitely take into account the characteristics of the variety you have chosen, otherwise you will have to forget about good harvests.

This culture has an extremely negative attitude towards shaded areas. Therefore, we plant it only on the southern or western side of the dacha. Moreover, it is important that there are no tall plants near this location.

For the most part, all grape varieties love warmth and have a very difficult time surviving sudden temperature changes that are characteristic of many regions of Russia. IN in this case The problem is solved by planting grapes near the house. Its walls, heated by the sun, will create a softer microclimate, and the vines will grow better here. In addition, this method will ensure fairly rapid ripening of the berries.

Now there are quite a few different varieties, zoned for each region of Russia. So, in Siberia they grow well:

Savraska white;
Klyunevsky;
Thumbelina;
Pinocchio;
Sharov's riddle;
Siberian cherry.

Ideal for the middle band:

Agat Donskoy;
Victoria;
Delight;
Diana;
Pleven is resistant;
Codrianka;
Queen of the Vineyards;
Laura.

For the crop in question, it does not play a special role in what soil it grows. However, in order to get good harvests, you should still choose fertile soil. The only requirement for it: high rockiness. Such soils have excellent drainage properties. This avoids stagnation of moisture, accumulation of lime and salts. All the mentioned factors negatively affect the condition of the vine.

When to plant

It is permissible to plant cuttings in the vineyard both in autumn and spring. In particular, from the end of April to the second ten days of May, one-year-old plants that already have a woody trunk are transferred to the ground. At the very end of spring, it is the turn of still green (in the growing season) grapes.

Autumn planting is done in the same way, but here you will need to meet the period from October to the start of frost. It is also important to protect the sprouts from temperature changes. To do this, the plant is covered with a layer:

sawdust;
peat;
dry pine needles.

Inexperienced gardeners should not immediately acquire a large number of plants. At first, choose no more than 3 varieties that differ from each other:

maturation period;
taste;
coloring.

Wait for the first harvest and decide which one feels best specifically on your site and you personally like. True, you will have to be patient - grapes open up all the possibilities only after 5-7 years. In general, it is possible to collect from 3 to 8 kilograms of fruit per year from one vine. Decide for yourself whether you can eat that much.

What distance to leave between bushes

Most common mistake is too dense planting of grapes. As a result, the plant:

develop poorly;
get sick more often;
bring a small harvest.

If a decision is made to plant grapes near the house, then the cuttings are buried approximately 20 centimeters from the blind area or half a meter from the wall, if there is none.

In the vineyard, plants are placed at a distance of 250-300 centimeters. Moreover, the height of the trellis should not be lower than 1.8 meters. This format allows you to organize harvesting with minimal labor costs.

Non-covering varieties must be spaced at least two meters apart. These types of grapes grow very actively, and pretty soon their shoots will fill the entire trellis provided for them to support.

Top dressing

Fertilizers are applied for the first time in the spring, immediately after the snow melts. First of all, it is necessary to use nitrogenous compounds. Their volume is as follows (per square meter):

ammonium nitrate – up to 50 grams;
superphosphate – 40;
potassium – 30.

The second feeding is carried out approximately 14 days before the start of flowering (in middle lane it's the end of May). It should be given as a solution. Apply the same fertilizers as above and in the same quantities. Before adding them to the soil, water it thoroughly but moderately. After drying, the crust needs to be loosened.

Fertilizers are applied the third time when clusters have already formed and the berries have grown to the size of small peas. Any complex composition will do here. Two tablespoons of it are mixed with a bucket of water. Each bush requires up to 3 buckets of solution.

By the time the grapes ripen, they are fed for the 4th time. This helps speed up the process and improve the taste of the fruit. Nitrogenous substances are no longer needed here; it will be enough to use 100 grams of a mixture of potassium and phosphate fertilizers.

How to arrange grapes on your plot

The distance between grape bushes in a row and between rows is significantly influenced by the following factors:

Soil fertility. On fertile soil, grapes will grow more intensively, so you need to leave a greater distance to the next bush.
The magnitude of the growth force of bushes. If a vigorous variety is grown, it is also necessary to leave a greater distance between the bushes.
The nature of the intended grape molding. The future shape in the horizontal direction (its size, number of sleeves and their location) is a significant point in determining the interval between bushes.
The need to cover the plant for the winter. Covered viticulture requires wide row spacing.
Trellis design. Single-lane options require less spacing between rows than two-lane options.

A two-strip trellis requires greater spacing between rows than a single-strip

From the above it is clear that the placement of grapes is determined by two parameters - the intervals between the bushes and the row spacing.

There are general recommendations from winegrowers regarding the arrangement of plants on the site. It is considered optimal to place rows from north to south or from east to west, but in practice this advice is not always followed; it is often based on the shape of the site, the presence of buildings and other objects on it.

Regarding the layout of the grapes, the recommendations are as follows:

The row spacing should be greater than or at least equal to the distance between plants in the row.
For a single-plane trellis, an inter-row distance of up to 2.5 m is sufficient, but not less than 2 m.
When using two-plane trellises, the optimal distance between them is at least 2.5–3 m.
From one bush to another in a row, the distance can vary between 1.5–4 m. The feeding area required for each bush can be taken as a guide. It should be at least 5–6 m2.

When planting crops on your site, you must not forget about the interests of your neighbors.

Clause 6.7. SNiP 30–02–97*, approved version dated December 30, 2010 No. 849 “Planning and development of the territory of gardening (dacha) associations of citizens, buildings and structures,” states that the minimum distances to the neighboring plot should be for tall tree trunks - 4 m, medium-sized - 2 m, bushes - 1 m.
Building regulationshttps://www.crimea.kp.ru/daily/25887/2848140/

*SNiP - building codes and regulations.

The vineyard should be located near the wall of the building that is most illuminated during the day

For grape bushes near a gazebo, arch, or pergola, the following are important:

absence of nearby competing plants - shrubs and trees;
the location of the grapes outside the shadow of buildings and economic facilities.

If these conditions are met, the grapes will not only grow and develop successfully, but will also produce a good harvest of berries.

Video: grape planting schemes

Table: distance between grapes and objects on the site

Planting scheme depending on variety

One of the decisive points determining the grape planting scheme is the growth vigor of a particular variety:

vigorous;
medium height;
undersized.

Gross violation of the growing conditions necessary for grapes leads not only to a decrease in yield, but also to a loss of fruit quality.

Table: nutritional areas for different grape varieties

Greenhouse grapes

In many regions with cold climates and short summers, grapes are grown in greenhouses. Solid experience in such viticulture has already been accumulated. But this method is also used in regions where vines are traditionally grown in open ground, since the greenhouse protects the plant from many adversities - the vagaries of the weather, wasps and other pests, diseases.

Grape bushes in the greenhouse are placed at a distance of 2.5–3 m from each other

In a greenhouse, as viticulture practices testify, it is possible to plant 3 vines even with a small area of 6 m2. In this case, the planting scheme is no longer as important as the placement of the grapes. To prevent the plant from getting sunburn when it comes into contact with the walls or roof of the greenhouse, a planting hole or trench for planting several vines is made at a distance of half a meter from the wall, and the top wire of the trellis should be no less than 0.4 m from the roof of the greenhouse. Several bushes grapes in the greenhouse are placed at a distance of 2.5–3 m from each other.

Michurinsky;
Russian Korinka;
Moscow sustainable;
Northern early.

In the Urals and to the north, preference should be given to grapes:

The delight is perfect;
Black Hamburg;
Bulgaria is resilient;
Foster's is white.

Features of planting grapes in different regions

No matter how attractive greenhouse viticulture may be, in a variety of regions, regardless of climate, there are still enthusiasts of growing vines in open ground. At the same time, the scheme and process of planting grapes undergo the most minor changes.

Ural and Siberia

Li-4;
Alyoshenkin;
Violet early;
In memory of Golikov.

In the Urals and Siberia, grapes have to be covered for the winter

Central Russia

Augustine;
Donskoy agate;
Alyoshenkin;
Alexander;
In memory of Dombkowska;
Rusevn;
Kuibyshev's firstborn;
Ilya Muromets;
Lucille.

The following planting scheme is used: in the row between bushes 1–3 m, between rows - 2–3 m. Planting depth - no more than 0.4 m.

Moscow region

For many regions

Pink table grapes of the Russian Early variety can be recommended for cultivation from Ukraine to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. It winters well at temperatures of -23ºС, that is, in more southern regions it can be grown without shelter, and in more northern regions it can be grown under careful shelter. They are planted in planting holes 80x80 cm, leaving 2 m between the bushes.

One of the oldest and most northern grape varieties, Amursky, is unpretentious, frost-resistant and perfectly adapts to growing conditions. It can be grown in any natural area. It can be cultivated as a technical one, then when planting, 0.8 to 1 m is left between seedlings. To obtain table grapes, this distance is increased to 1.5 m. The distance between rows is 2–2.5 m.

The correct grape planting scheme, correlated with all other parameters of vine cultivation, can be the key to successful viticulture, subject to further regular care of the plant in accordance with all the rules of agricultural technology.

A grape seedling should have a well-developed root system and mature growth of at least 20 cm. It should not contain traces of disease, as well as cracks and breaks, traces of hail and other defects. Before planting, it is useful to place the seedling in a bucket of water for a day. It’s very useful to add 1 tbsp to it. a spoonful of honey or a bag of sodium humate.

Since the seedling is placed at a great depth - 40-60 cm, then a mound of fertile soil must be poured onto the bottom so that the roots at least immediately end up not in clay, but in fertile soil. Planting must be done so that the heel roots are at a depth of at least 40-50 cm.

When planting, you must also ensure that the roots are directed down the planting mound.

Important!

If the roots are bent, the bushes will wither and become sick.

When the seedling is correctly installed, we cover the roots with a 10-15 cm layer of soil and slightly pull the seedling up to align the direction of the roots and at the same time remove voids in the soil. Lightly compact the soil. Pour two buckets of water and wait until it is absorbed. Then we fill it with earth to the top of the hole or so that the two upper buds remain uncovered.

A bucket or two of humus and some ash are poured into the pits from above. Nutrients of these are washed out to the roots when watering. This is very convenient, because even if the humus is not rotted, the roots will still not be damaged. In general, after planting there should be a hole 10-15 cm deep, into which it will be convenient to water the bushes.

A separate issue is the grape planting scheme. There are craftsmen who plant bushes at a distance of 80 cm from each other. But for such planting, a special formation is needed, such as single-arm Guyot, and wine varieties are desirable. Table varieties are usually planted no closer than 1.5 m. In general, before planting, you need to find out the characteristics of the variety, since vigorous varieties are planted at a distance of 2 m, and medium-growing varieties are planted closer.

The distance between the rows is considered optimal 2-2.5 m. But there are gardeners who consider this distance a necessity for mechanized tillage. And if your only equipment is a cultivator, then the row spacing can be made narrower.