If you are the owner of a summer house or country house(or maybe you are going to join the audience of developers), and your site is located in a populated area where the use of land for individual housing construction (individual housing construction) is permitted, then by law you are entitled to a connection to networks with a full power of 15 kW. Whereas in dacha cooperatives and gardening partnerships they use a power of 4 or 6 kW.
A power of 15 kW will allow you to organize a cozy home life, where household amenities are of great importance electrical devices, their number and operational capabilities.
Electrical installation work is carried out according to a project created on the basis of technical specifications (TU). And this document is developed individually for each farm. To do this, you must submit an application to the energy supply organization, where you indicate the desired connection power (15 kW) and voltage (230/400V). You will receive these values by first calculating the total power consumption of your electrical appliances.
Taking into account the data of your application and the capabilities of the power line, local electrical networks or the organization to which they belong will issue you a technical specification, which will indicate the figures of the permitted power, as well as the cross-section of the line cables, their brand and type. As well as requirements for grounding, lightning protection, switching and protective equipment, meters, automatic devices, RCDs.
In the creation of a project that is carried out by specialized and licensed organizations on the basis of this specification, PUE and SNiP, you must take an active part in order to be aware of all the nuances.
Electric installation work
We will not dwell in more detail on the preparation of documentation for connecting the power supply; this is a separate topic. Our task is to decide on materials and devices for external installation work, which, although they are an intermediate stage in connection, are the most responsible, since they are related to human safety.
Single-phase or three-phase input?
For both three-phase and single-phase networks, the permitted power is indicated in the technical specifications. It could be 15 kW for both options, that is, a benefit three-phase network lies not in power, but in the possibility of using an input cable of a smaller cross-section and reducing the load, since the current is distributed over 3 phases. Therefore, in a three-phase network, the rating of the input circuit breaker will be lower.
But the input distribution board will be increased in size, since the meter itself is larger than a single-phase one, and also takes up 3-4 modules. Three-phase RCDs also have b O larger dimensions. This is a disadvantage of three-phase input into the house, but it is not very significant compared to such advantages as the ability to connect asynchronous electric drives, electric boilers, heaters, and electric stoves in the house.
To avoid phase imbalance from powerful electrical receivers, the electrician-installer must distribute the load as evenly as possible. The operating voltage of a three-phase network is 380V, therefore, in order to eliminate the danger of fire and electric shock, it would not be a bad idea to install three-pole additional circuit breaker right before entering the house. This prevents short circuits at the input.
External connection and electrical panel
When connecting a private house to the power supply, an air input is most often used (which is also indicated in the technical specifications) with the installation of an electricity metering cabinet (SHUE) to eliminate cases of electricity theft and problems with the commercial registration of electricity supply.
According to the standards, the input cable must have a cross-section of at least 16 mm2 if the core is aluminum, and 10 mm2 if the core is copper, at a distance from the support pole of 25 m. For a distance of less than 25 m, the cross-section of the aluminum wire is 10 mm2, copper - 4 mm2 .
If you have decided on the method of connection from the pole to the house (aerial or underground), as well as the type and cross-section of the cable, then it remains to figure out exactly how the wire is connected to the house, from where further wiring to the devices is made.
The wire cross-section is selected according to the PUE based on the long-term permissible current. For air entry, the most common or VVGng (modern version), as well as AVVG and SIP cables (self-supporting wire). By the way, for underground input, VBBbShv or AVBbShv cable is most often used. As you already understand, the presence or absence of the letter “A” means an aluminum core.
The value of the cable cross-section and the long-term permissible current for it are taken from the PUE. The optimal cross-sections for the input cable are 10, 16, 25 mm2, with max permissible current respectively: 50, 70, 85A (for underground input), and 80, 100, 140A for air input. For example, to a copper wire with a cross-section of 10 mm2, you can connect a power of 15 kW for a voltage of 230 V and from 30 kW for a voltage of 380 V.
If your main grounding bus is located on a pole and not in a cabinet, then the cable from the pole must be five-core (for example, from the manufacturer "Moskabel" VVG5 x 4.0) - three phases, working zero (N) and protective zero (PE).
High-quality cable products are produced by domestic companies: Moskabel, Sevkabel, Concord, Nexans.
The entry point into the house should be located at a height of 2.75 m. It happens that the height of the house is not enough, then a special pipe stand, straight or curved (gander), is installed in the hole in the roof or wall. If the house is high, then the distribution cabinet with an RCD is mounted on the wall, where the cable is led from the pole.
According to the rules, the distance from the pole to the house should be less than 25 m, so as not to install additional support. The electricity metering and distribution cabinet provides all the devices necessary for protection, metering and further distribution of electricity in the house:
- input device - automatic or switch type RPS;
- electric meter (electronic or induction);
- device protective shutdown(RCD);
- a number of circuit breakers protecting the network from short-circuit currents and overloads. Here you can also use DIFs - (differential circuit breakers).
An input circuit breaker or switch is included in the circuit in front of the meter for possible disconnection of all phases of the supply voltage. This is done so that the meter can be replaced safely.
For commercial accounting An electricity meter is installed in the cabinet. If necessary, you choose electricity meter for single-phase network (220/230V) or three-phase (220/380V), single-tariff or multi-tariff. With an supplied power of 15 kW, it is enough for the maximum load current of the meter to be in the range of 50-60A. This corresponds to the rating of the input circuit breaker no more than 40A. Models of modern meters: "Mercury" 200.02 220V 5(50)A - designed for single-phase circuits, "Mercury" 230 ART-03 5(7.5)A - for three-phase.
An RCD protects a person from electric shock, and a house from a fire, therefore, it is imperative to install it in the electrical panel. Instead of an RCD, you can use a differential circuit breaker.
In our electrical networks, voltage surges and surges are common, from which it will protect. It smooths out fluctuations by supplying 220V to the output. When the voltage drops below 160V, or when it increases above 280V, the stabilizer is usually disconnected from the external network and de-energizes consumer devices, protecting them from damage. Audio and video equipment, as well as light bulbs, are especially sensitive to surges, as they flicker and their service life is reduced.
The dimensions of the stabilizer depend on the power of the connected load, therefore, they can be bulky and require a lot of space for placement, while there must be space on all sides of the stabilizer so that it can be cooled by air.
In three-phase networks, a different stabilizer is used for each phase. Their prices are quite high, they are much more expensive than devices such as voltage control relay, which are also called “barriers”. Advantages of the relay: small dimensions, affordable cost, installation in a panel on a 35 mm DIN rail. For example, a voltage control relay is very convenient to use VP-40A 220V DigiTOP with digital control.
In conclusion, I would like to once again draw your attention to the fact that all work on connecting a power of 15 kW to a private house must be carried out by the organization that is responsible for the electrical equipment of the area, sending trained specialists.
Proper organization of electrical power supply to a residential premises involves the calculation and installation of an input point. To ensure the safety of the line and the longevity of its operation, the PUE standards. You can begin supplying electricity to your home after completing the documentation and agreeing on the activities with the energy provider.
Administrative and legal nuances
The supply of electricity to a private home must be carried out by electricians with a certain access group
To introduce electricity into the premises, the owner must obtain permits from the energy sales office. The basis for the permit is the PVE project, which describes the internal electrical network in detail and provides calculations of consumer power. After this, the parameters of the allocated power and the consumer limit are set. According to the PVE, technical conditions are determined - connection method, communications features, engineering aspects.
Electrical distribution teams, the owner or a licensed contractor can connect the house to electricity.
Required documents
Example of a response to an application for technological connection
The property owner sends a request to the selected network organization. The company reviews the application within 15 days. After a positive response, the following documents are prepared:
- application for technical connection in a unified form;
- diagram of power receivers;
- copies of documents on the right to a building or land plot;
- an application indicating the citizen’s full name, passport details, location of receivers, time frame for creating the project and putting the line into operation, name of the provider, permit for construction work.
After reviewing the documents, the energy provider sends a contract with technical conditions. The applicant remains to sign it and send it to representatives of the network organization.
If the site meets the requirements of the technical conditions, work on its territory is carried out at the expense of the owner. Events outside the allotment are paid for by the network company. Upon completion, the energy sales company connects the premises to the network after a control inspection.
Rules for connecting electricity to the house
Requirements for connecting electricity to a private home
The input power supply device is subject to the requirements of the PUE and technical specifications. They indicate:
- location of connection points - 25 m from the border with neighbors;
- the cable distance from the power line supports to the wall is 10 cm, if wooden house and 5 cm from brick surfaces;
- cable thickness for a single-phase line – 0.6 cm for copper conductors, 1.6 cm for aluminum conductors;
- the need to seal the inlet groove with non-combustible material;
- the location of the inlet is 2.75 m from the ground line and 1.5 m from the window;
- compliance of the equipment power with the allocated power of 15 kW;
- The straight line distance from the power grid to which the site is adjacent is 300 m for the city and 500 m for the village.
Mandatory elements of the system are SIP wires, an electric meter, a switchboard, and an intermediate metal support.
Correct connection options
Electricity input into a private house can be done in two ways:
- Air is an inexpensive but noticeable option. The main part of the cable is stretched outdoors above the ground. The conductor can pass into the room in a pipe through the wall to switchgear or meters. It is allowed to connect outside the home to a voltage stabilizer or metering device;
- Underground - hidden way when the wire is laid in an asbestos-cement pipe buried in the ground. The entrance to the building is through a technological hole in the foundation. From the power line to the entry point, the cable is laid along the pole.
For underground installations, use heavy-duty wires.
Selecting a cable for entry into the house
Comparison of SIP-1 and SIP-2
The optimal material for a home electrical network is SIP cable, which can be used to organize lines with voltages up to 35 kW. The wire consists of 3-phase cores, entwined with a neutral conductor, and has a high-quality insulating coating made of polyethylene. The neutral conductor made of aluminum is located in the center of the twist.
If a SIP cable is needed for wiring from a pole to a house over the air, you should pay attention to the insulating layer:
- thermoplastic polyethylene insulation SIP-1, SIP-1A, SIP-4 and SIPn-4 can withstand temperatures up to +70 degrees;
- cross-linked polyethylene materials SIP-2, SIP-2A, SIPs-4, SIP-3, PEV and PEVG withstand temperature loads up to 90 degrees, provide protection against overloads and short circuits.
A good cable for laying in the ground has an insulating surface made of compressed impregnated paper, polyethylene, or PVC. VBBShV or PvBSHV cores are reinforced with tape insulation. For areas with risks of damage, PaKShp with wire mesh is used.
Specifics of using SIP
Using wire in an overhead line
You can install the SIP cable on a support or facade, making branches and other connections. When working with wire you must:
- pre-install the VLI supports by securing the clamps to them;
- roll out by installing rollers using a special belt or hooks. The wire is pulled to the outer supports with a drum. They work manually with a cable leader;
- secure electrical conductor on supports. The load-bearing core is fixed with an anchor clamp;
- tension the cable using a hand winch with a grip amplifier;
- select a 2-wire SIP-4 for a single-phase network, and a 4-wire SIP-4 for a three-phase network.
The tension must be done smoothly, without distortions, until the head of the torque wrench breaks.
Fittings for fastening SIP wires
SIP fittings ensure correct and quality process transmission of electricity through the air. The structures must be made of moisture-resistant materials and be suitable for single-phase or three-phase network voltage. Replacement of products is allowed once every 20 years.
List of required materials
The following types of fittings are used in electrical engineering practice:
- Anchor brackets – 1 per house and power line support. Aluminum devices are not subject to corrosion or temperature fluctuations. Fixed with stainless steel bands.
- branch terminals – 4 (220 V) or 8 (380 V) pieces. They create contact when connecting cables with a cross-section of 6-150 mm2 with conductors with a cross-section of 1.5-6 mm2.
- Anchor clamps – 2 pcs. The elements provide fixation of insulated wires on branches up to 1000 V. Internal wedges made of thermoplastic prevent damage to the insulating layer;
- intermediate clamps. With their help, you can connect SIP-4 to an intermediate or corner support. The material has a UV-resistant housing.
- Hooks. They are used to pass a conductor through the air on a wooden, metal support or wall surface.
You will also need a sleeve, a corrugated metal sleeve for supplying cables through the wall of the building.
Calculation of cable cross-section for entry into the house
SIP cable 2x16 or 4x16 is installed outdoors, VVGng-ls 2x6, 2x10, 4x6, 4x10 is installed inside the building. The selection of the cross-section for the input cable going to a private house is carried out depending on the load of consumers, the size of the rooms, outbuildings, the presence of electric heating and an electric stove.
PUE establishes the use of copper cable for organizing a network. The standard also notes the dependence of the cross-section on the line voltage and power parameters. In order not to do calculations, you should refer to the table.
| Circuit breaker current, A | power, kWt | Cable cross-section, mm2 | |
| Network 220 V | 380 V network | ||
| 5 | 1,1 | 2,6 | 1 |
| 6 | 1,3 | 3,2 | 1 |
| 10 | 2,2 | 5,3 | 1,5 |
| 16 | 3,5 | 8,4 | 1,5 |
| 20 | 4,4 | 10,5 | 2,5 |
| 25 | 5,5 | 13,2 | 4 |
| 32 | 7 | 16,8 | 6 |
| 40 | 8,8 | 21,1 | 10 |
| 50 | 11 | 26,3 | 10 |
| 63 | 13,9 | 33,2 | 16 |
The suitable cable cross-section for entry into the house is from 6 to 16 mm2. From the meter to the bus of switchgears of a single-phase network, a wire with a cross-section of 6 mm2 is relevant.
Outdoors, an aluminum cable with a cross-section of 10 mm2 is used, which does not oxidize. For laying in a wooden house, it is advisable to use copper, which does not burn.
How electricity is supplied to a house by air
Cable supply to the house
There are two ways to introduce a power line into a residential building by air:
- Through the walls. The conductor is located on the wall and fixed to it with insulated fasteners. To lay it inside, a hole is created through which a metal pipe with plastic corrugation passes. The gap is sealed with cement or asbestos.
- Through the lid. A metal pipe stand is used. The conductor is placed so that the distance from the roof level is more than 2 m. The structure is grounded.
When laying through the roof, a downward bend of the pipe, or a gib, is used, in which the wires for electricity are secured with ceramic insulators. In order to reduce the length of cables, wiring is carried out as close as possible to the distribution board.
Air technology is simple and therefore popular among home craftsmen. The disadvantage of this method is the risk of damage to the wires due to mechanical stress.
Features of laying cables underground
Laying cables underground
Electricity supply to a private house underground is carried out in metal pipe. The length of the product corresponds to the length of the route, taking into account the turn. The underground method involves the use of copper conductors with a cross-section of 4 mm2 if the line is 10 m away. If the distance is more than 10 m, a 6 mm2 cable is used. The cross-section of aluminum wire for a distance up to 10 m is 12 mm2, from 10 m – 10-18 mm2.
Work on introducing electricity into a country or private house underground is carried out step by step:
- A channel is being dug. There is no need to make it deep - 60-90 cm is enough. The width of the trench is 40 cm.
- A cushion of sand is arranged in a layer of 15 to 20 cm. To strengthen it and prevent the material from falling through, you can make a base of brick or concrete slabs.
- On plastic soils or in areas where high level groundwater, is being organized additional protection. A drainage tray is made from bricks or concrete blocks, which is covered with slabs on top.
- On unstable soils, a monolithic reinforced concrete cable channel is made. It is covered with slabs with reinforcing reinforcement.
- The steel pipe is cleared of debris and laid in the finished channel.
- The pipe elements are connected with a slight overlap on each other.
- The wire is pulled through a metal pipe. The rule for bending points is a larger radius, which preserves the integrity of the insulation.
- After installation, the liner is covered with dense bulk material - crushed stone, brick fragments or large expanded clay.
- Above bulk materials a sand cushion is installed to protect the conductors from being torn by passing vehicles.
- The canal is buried with the excavated soil.
Organizing an underground electricity line from power lines to a private home takes more time and is more expensive. But in comparison with air technology, the liner will be durable and reliable.
Ways to organize wiring inside the house
There are several options for performing internal wiring.
Connecting different cables inside
Wire welding
The SIP conductor is broken and connected to the VVGng cable by twisting and reinforcement by soldering. The technique is not reliable, as it can lead to fires.
Connecting various conductors with fittings
The coupling of SIP and VVGng is carried out using standard reinforcing bars, piercing clamps or other elements near the insertion point. It is unacceptable to use SIP in a residential area - it supports combustion processes.
Through the difavtomat
The connection diagram provides for the use of a two- or four-pole differential circuit breaker. The device is located in a separate sealed box. The cable is laid from the main line to the box and connected to VVGng in a corrugation.
To increase protection, a machine with a rating higher than the distribution board is used. This way, if there is a short circuit or overload, you can restore the line without leaving your home. Another device is installed outside, de-energizing the internal cable and preventing fire.
Electrical lines can be introduced into a residential building by air or underground. Before starting work, it is necessary to obtain permits and select a SIP cable and its cross-section.
First, let's look at how cost-effective it is to make an underground power supply to a wooden house. If we talk about profitability in terms of immediate benefits, there is no doubt that underground power supply costs more than. The work adds:
- Digging a trench from the support to the house and its equipment;
- Foundation passage (hole) into the house;
- Device for descending from the pole and lifting it to the shield inside the house using steel pipes;
- Cost of armored electrical cable.
However, underground power supply to a wooden house is more beneficial in terms of reliability and durability, as well as protection from all kinds of accidents.
With underground input, you are guaranteed to protect yourself from input breakage, and fire safety underground entry in a steel pipe is safer than air entry.
Underground power supply to a wooden house - device technology
The general technology for installing underground power supply into a house is as follows. From (not necessarily the one closest to the house), a trench is dug to the house, or rather, to the planned point where the cable enters the house. The depth of the trench depends on the connected power (cable cross-section). For allocated powers up to 20 kW, the trench depth must be at least 800 mm. For allocated power of 25-45 kW, the trench depth must be at least 1000 mm (PUE clause 2.3.84).
To lower the cable, a protective guard is mounted on the support. steel pipe. The shape of the pipe is in the form of the letter "L". The curved end of the pipe should be in the trench. The height of the pipe on the support must be at least 1800 mm.
The method of laying the electrical cable in a trench depends on the type of cable (more on this later).
The electrical cable is introduced into the building through concrete foundation or through the wall of a house. If the entry is made through a wall, then the electrical cable on the wall must be protected in the same way as when descending from the support. The protection height is 1800 mm, and the height of the input itself should not be less than 2750 mm.
Material for underground power supply to a wooden house
The following electrical cables are suitable for installing underground power supply into a wooden house:
- Armored cable VBBShv, VKbShv, VBBShng(A), VBShv. You can view the range of VBShV cables here http://www.optcable.ru/kabel-no-provodnikovaya-produkciya/kabel-silovoj-s-pvh-izolyaciej/vbbshv-4×150/
Armored aluminum and copper cables laid in a trench without protection by pipes. Laying is carried out without tension, freely, in small waves, in a “snake” manner, creating a reserve of 1-2% (SNiP 3.05.06-85, clause 3.59).
- Cables VVGng and AVVG
Unprotected electrical cables are laid in a trench, only in a protected form; protection is carried out by special electrical equipment plastic pipes or electrical corrugation.
Important! Despite the practice of using unprotected cables to bring power into the house, it is worth noting that according to PUE 2.3.37 (ed. 7), only armored cables are used for laying in trenches.
Digging a trench
- The trench for underground power supply to a wooden house should have a depth of 80 to 100 cm, depending on the cross-section of the cable.
- The distance from standing trees should be 2000 mm, from bushes - 750 m, from any foundations - 650 mm.
- There should be no roots or construction debris at the bottom of the trench.
- A sand cushion is made at the bottom of the trench.
- The trench is filled only with soft, non-frozen soil, after checking the cable.
How to insert an electrical cable from a trench into a wooden house
There are two ways to insert the power cable from the trench into the house:
- Through the foundation;
- Through the front wall of the house.
When passing through the foundation, a hole is made in it, into which an asbestos pipe is laid (SNiP 3.05.06-85, clause 3.67). The asbestos pipe must extend 600 mm into the trench, and the pipe must be inclined toward the trench.
Lifting the cable from the trench along the wall
If there is no strip foundation or the house is installed on slab foundation(USHP), or pile foundation, that is, if there is no basement in the house, it is allowed to supply power from a trench along the front wall of the house. In this case, the cable is protected to a height of 1800 mm from the ground level, and the entry into the house itself is made at a height of 2750 mm from the ground level.
A properly equipped power cable entry into the house is clearly visible in the diagram. Pay attention to the insulation of the cable and the installation of concrete seals at the junction of the cable to the house.
Descent on support
The cable is connected to the power line using technologies for connecting to overhead lines and power lines using linear fittings for these lines.
cable descent via end support The cable is rigidly fixed to the support, while being protected at a height of 1800-2000 mm from the ground.
Important! When lowering the cable from the support into the trench, it would be more correct to install on the support (VU) or an input device with an electricity metering unit. This will save you from communicating with inspection organizations and will not cause any complaints from the admissions committee.
Important! Another. It is not recommended to tightly fasten the metal drain pipe to the input panel on the street. The connection must be made through a plastic corrugation. This will protect the input device from seasonal ground movements along with the pipe.
Climbing to the shield in the house
The rise of the supply cable from the trench to the input distribution board inside the house must also be protected by a metal pipe.
Cable protection in the trench
There are two options for protecting the cable in the trench from damage when digging the area. The first option, after filling the cable with soft soil, is to lay a layer of solid brick. The second option is to lay a warning tape on top of the cable, which will be a signal that the cable cannot be dug further.
conclusions
- Underground power supply to a wooden house is more reliable than air supply;
- The correct option would be to choose an armored cable for underground entry;
- The cable is inserted into the scrap through a concrete foundation or along the facade wall of the house;
- The descent of the cable into the trench and the rise of the cable from the trench is protected by a metal pipe bent at 90°;
Important! The protective metal pipe and cable armor must be grounded.
At a certain stage of private construction, everyone faces the question of how to introduce electricity into the house. Today, almost everyone can hardly imagine life without using electrical appliances.
In addition to basic comfort, electricity can provide him with leisure and much more. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in detail the issue of providing electricity, analyzing the details of its input into a residential building.
Documentation approval stage
Before proceeding directly to the supply of electricity, it is necessary to go through the approval stage technical documentation. Each region has its own rules for carrying out installation work, so there is no need to wait for uniform advice on this issue. All details must be clarified locally.
At this stage, an energy supply project is drawn up, which will need to be paid for. The project indicates technical specifications, compliance with which is mandatory, otherwise power supply will not be provided.
After all paperwork has been resolved, it is time to connect. To correctly supply electricity to a house from a pole, you need to have a clear understanding of its possible options and the necessary protective measures that can prevent serious consequences.
Electrical input options
There is a possibility that the local official organization, which regulates the installation and operation of the input cable, may not agree with the developer’s desire to carry out the work on his own.
For any connection to an electrical line, made using self-supporting insulated wires or non-insulated wires through porcelain insulators, the section to the distribution panel must be protected automatically.
Electrical wiring in wooden walls
The standards set out in the Electrical Installation Rules must be strictly observed, especially when it comes to installing electrical wiring in a wooden house.
Therefore, when running a cable through a wall, a metal pipe with a thick wall must be used. It should be located in the wall at a slight angle to prevent precipitation from getting inside.
In case of installation hidden wiring, it must also be placed in a protective tube. In this case, you need to ensure that there are as few bends in the channel as possible in order to simplify pushing the wire to the distribution panel. Therefore, its placement itself must be carefully considered.
Rules for laying underground cables
On the electrical wiring market, there are special brands of armored cables that are designed for underground installation. Their peculiarity is that they are laid on a sand bed and often without any additional protection. There are certain rules for introducing electricity using armored cable.
In exceptional cases, when the cable is laid under the road, it is placed in a special channel or pipe. It is strictly prohibited to place other types of cable underground that are not intended for this method.
Another rule says that the section from the meter to the distribution board should be made of whole piece cable without connections.
The cable is laid below the freezing depth, the bottom of the trench is compacted if necessary. Laying should be done in waves in order to avoid damage to the cable due to ground movements in different temperature conditions.
After laying, the trench is partially filled with sand, then warning tape is placed, if necessary, then everything is finally leveled with earth.
Regarding entry into the building, the following must be kept in mind: inlet pipe should be in the foundation or located above it (the issue is thought through at the stage of designing the house!).
The issue of connecting electricity to the house is decided individually by each owner. The main thing during such work is compliance with certain fire safety measures.
Volumes are growing every year suburban construction. More and more summer residents and villagers are appearing. People are changing their place of residence, moving from densely populated urban areas to their own country houses. In most cases, new housing is built for this purpose.
One of the important stages in the construction or renovation of a country house is its connection to the electrical network. This work should be carried out to the highest possible quality and in accordance with current rules electrical installation devices.
Poor installation can lead to fire and loss of the entire structure and loss of life. This review reveals information about how to properly introduce electricity into your home. You need to know the installation rules not only for carrying out the work yourself.
If you plan to use the services of electricians, then even in this case it is necessary to discuss before carrying out the work how and with what materials the installation will be performed.
Then you need to independently check the purchased materials and the quality of the installation.
Despite the apparent simplicity of the work of introducing electricity into a private home, it must be done very responsibly. The input section is not protected from voltage surges and short circuits on the line.
There may be no protection for the electrical network in a holiday village, and individual protection devices are located after this area on the electrical panel and therefore cannot protect it.
Input methods
There are two options for connecting to a power line: underground and air ways. They have their own advantages, disadvantages and installation features.
let's consider correct diagrams underground and overhead power supply.
Air supply of electricity
This method is the most common in individual construction. It is characterized by low labor intensity. When carrying out this work, the following set of rules must be observed:
The supply cable must be attached to the wall at a height of not 275 centimeters from the ground. If it is not enough, then a special rack made of metal pipe is installed on the wall or roof.
The top of the pipe should be bent down to prevent water from getting inside. This shape of pipe is called a gander. Wires are attached to it using ceramic insulators, which are then inserted into a metal pipe.
The cable connection from the outside should be as close as possible to the electrical panel of the house. This is required so as not to spend an unnecessarily long power line between these two points.
A metal distribution board is placed on the wall next to the cable mount; circuit breakers are installed in it. It can also accommodate additional protection against power surges and lightning. A short power wire is run from the outer panel to the inner distribution panel.
The distance from the pillar to the wall should not exceed 10 meters. If necessary, install additional support at a distance of no more than 15 meters from the power line.
Copper and aluminum wires can be used for connection. The aluminum wire must have a cross-section of at least 16 mm. The required cross-section of the copper wire depends on its length. With a length of up to 10 meters copper wire should have a cross section of 4 mm. At longer length A wire with a cross section of 6 mm is required.
Aluminum wire cannot be laid inside combustible structures. Therefore, when introducing electricity into a wooden house, it is necessary to switch to copper conductors. To do this, use special blocks with terminals or bolted connections.
For the line, you can use self-supporting insulated wires (abbreviated SIP). They are secured using special fittings and insulators. If the cable is not self-supporting, it must be suspended using a metal cable.
From the point where the cable contacts the wall and before it enters the electrical panel inside the house, it must be laid in a metal pipe. Its diameter should be four times the diameter of the cable. The pipe should not have sharp edges.
When laying the cable, it is not allowed to bend it at a right angle. It is necessary to make smooth bends. For reliability, you should wrap asbestos thread around that part of the wire that will be located directly in the wall.
This supply method is the simplest and most frequently used. Its disadvantage is the possibility of damage to the line due to mechanical influences.
Underground electricity input
This method is more labor intensive. This electrical supply is carried out in accordance with the following rules.
Starting from a height of 2 meters from the ground, the cable runs down the pole in a metal pipe. In the same way, he climbs the wall of the house.
Laying is carried out at a depth of 70 cm using protective pipes or at a depth of 100 cm without them. When laying, concrete or brick boxes are created. To do this, the bottom of the trench is filled with sand. The base of the box and the side walls are laid out from bricks. The cable is laid in a pipe in this trench of bricks and covered on top with a strip of bricks and covered with earth.
For these purposes, you should use a special armored cable with copper conductors with a cross-section of 10 mm with a power consumption of up to 15 kW.
The cable can be routed through strip foundation. Under no circumstances should it be laid under the foundation to avoid destruction.
Inputting electricity from a pole with your own hands cannot be officially done. These works together with installation electric meter must be performed by workers with appropriate approval for electrical installation work.
To improve quality and reduce cost, it is best to purchase certified materials yourself and carry out preparatory work. This should be discussed with electricians at initial stage. They should be trusted with the most responsible and important stages work that he performs after checking the remaining elements of the work performed.
Photo of the process of introducing electricity into the house
