Alternate rows of vowel phonemes

§ 1229. Depending on how the members of the alternation are distributed in the stems of nouns. Series, there are four types of relationships between the bases.

§ 1230. The first group includes three alternat. Row: “|o| - zero", "|e| - zero", "|α1| - zero."

§ 1231. The second group includes four alternations. A number of phonemes: “zero - |o|”, “zero - |e|”, “zero - |i|”, “zero - |α1|”.

Stress of nouns

Accent type a

Accent type in

§ 1235. To acc. Type B includes the following nouns. Husband. R. With a monosyllabic stem.

§ 1236. To acc. Type B includes the following nouns. Husband. R. With a non-monosyllabic base.

§ 1237. To acc. Type B includes the following nouns. Avg. R.

Nouns of the 2nd declension

§ 1238. To acc. Type in includes nouns. II class Male, female And general R. From noun. Male R. These include: aga (the title of a landowner in Turkey), mirza, mullah, murza, pasha. To acc. Type B includes the following nouns. Women R.

Accent type b1

§ 1240. The following nouns. II class Women R. They have accent characteristics of type B1:

Accent type b2

Accent type with

§ 1246. To acc. Type c includes words with a non-monosyllabic base, having in them. P. Mn. Ch. Inflection |a| (spelling ai i).

Neuter gender

§ 1250. To acc. Type c includes the following nouns. R.

Accent type c1

§ 1255. From noun. Avg. R. K acc; Type d includes the following.

§ 1256. From noun. Women R. II class. To acc. Type d includes the following.

Accent type d1

Accent types of nouns pluralia tantum

Irregular accent characteristics

§ 1268. Below are combinations of nouns. With different prepositions, allowing the stress to shift to the preposition.

Personal pronouns nouns

Reflexive pronoun noun self

Interrogative pronouns nouns

Indefinite and negative pronouns nouns

Stress of noun pronouns

Qualitative and relative adjectives

§ 1300. Freer than possessive. Adjectives on Oviin, qualitative meanings of ordinal and pronominal adjectives develop.

§ 1301. In pronominal adjectives, the ability to acquire qualitative meanings is realized in different ways.

Morphological categories of the adjective

Inflection of adjectives

Adjective declension

Examples of adjective declension

§ 1311. Declension of adjectives with a stem into a paired hard consonant (hard variety).

§ 1312. Declension of adjectives with a base on a paired soft consonant (soft variety).

§ 1313. Declension of adjectives with a sibilant stem.

§ 1314. Declension of adjectives with stems in |g|, |k|, |x|.

Mixed declension

Declension of adjectives with stems |j|

§ 1318. Declension of adjectives such as deer, third, my, whose.

§ 1319. Declension of the adjective this.

Declension of adjectives with a hard consonant stem

Possessive declension

§ 1327. Phonemic composition of inflections of possessive adjectives. The declensions are as follows.

Zero declination

Full and short forms of adjectives

Correlation of stems of full and short adjectives

§ 1341. In the full and short forms of adjectives there are two alternations. A number of phonemes: “zero - |o|” and “zero - |α1|”.

Forms of comparative degree (comparative)

Stress of adjectives stress in full forms

Stress of adjectives of pronominal and possessive declension

Emphasis in short forms

Accent types of adjectives according to the relationship between non-final and final stress in full and short forms

§ 1354. Among the adjectives that have full and short forms, the following accents stand out. Types according to the relationship between non-final and final stress in full and short forms: type A/a -

§ 1361. Adjectives with fluctuating stress in the short plural form. Ch. By share. Types a/c and a/c1.

§ 1364. Fluctuation of stress in short forms of media. R. And many others. Ch. By share. The types a/s and a/v are represented by the following adjectives.

Emphasis in comparative forms

Inflection of numerals

Declension of cardinal numerals

§ 1378. Compound numerals change according to cases. When forming case forms, it is normal to change the cases of each word included in the compound numeral.

Declension of collective and indefinite numerals

Using numerals with the prepositionpo

Stress of numerals

§ 1381. The stress of numerals is represented by acc. Types a, b and b1; some numerals have irregular accentual characteristics.

Verb * general characteristics

Morphological categories of verb category of type general characteristics

§ 1395. Prefixal species pairs with pure species prefixes include the following (the pair is conventionally designated by its species-forming prefix).

Aspect pairs of verbs of motion

Bi-aspect verbs

§ 1407. Owl verbs can be formed from two-aspect verbs. And nesov. Vida. This is achieved by prefixation (1) or suffixation (2).

Verbs that are not relative in aspect

Quantitative time modes of action

§ 1422. The diminutive mode of action has two varieties: diminutive and emollient.

Specially effective methods of action

DECLINATION OF NOUNS

▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

Word forms bodies And words(obsolete plural forms of words body And word), V modern language that are not plural forms. h words body And word and stylistically characterized as bookish and outdated, are used as synonyms of nouns body(in relation to the body of a fat person) and word(usually with a negative assessment or in ironic contexts): Betweenplumpbodygets stuckleg(Aseev); Yes,There iswords,Whattourniquet,Howflame,Whatare shininginto the distanceAnddeep down-beforebottom,ButtheirsubstitutionwordsTreasonMaybebeequal to(Tward.).

Note. Plural form h. tow- old; normative plural form h. eyes. Form tow can only be used in stylized contexts: Where or pathos get it? Maybe be, advertisement V newspaper? Where prostrate hand? Where lightning hit from tow? (Distiller.).

§ 1213. The fourth type of stem correlation. All nouns on anin(spelling also Ianin), except for the word family man, as well as words master, boyar, Bulgarian, sir And Tatar form plural forms. hours from the base equal to the base units. hour with final cut off in. At the same time, the words on anin, ­ Ianin form all forms of oblique plural cases. h. from the base to |n| and the form to them. p.m. h. from the base to |n’|: Armenians­ am, Armenians­ ami, But Armenians­ e. Words master, Bulgarian, sir And Tatar form plural forms. h. from the base to a hard consonant, a pair of soft consonant base units. hours before the final in: gentlemen­ A, gentlemen­ am (gentlemen­ in), bars, Bulgarians, Tatars; noun master has in them p.m. including variant forms bar­ s And bar­ e. In them. p.m. h. nouns on anin, ­ Ianin(except for the word family man) have inflection e(phonemic |α 1 |): Armenian - Armenians, Moldavian - Moldovans, peasant - peasants, similar earthlings, aliens, Martians. They have the same inflection. p.m. h. master And boyar: bar(And bars), boyars, and Gypsy: gypsies. Nouns Bulgarian And Tatar have in them. n. inflection s(phonemic |i|): Bulgarians, Tatars; noun sir has inflection A: gentlemen.

All the listed words have the plural form cut off at the base. part finale in have in genus n. zero inflection: Armenians,Moldovans,peasants,Bulgarians,boyars,gentlemen.

Note. Truncating the base unit. h. at the expense of the finals in, also occurs in plural forms. h. noun brother-in-law(see § 1211).

From the truncated base units. hours form plural forms. h. noun husband. R. flower(plural - flowers), avg. R. vessel(ship) (plural - ships) and women R. chicken(plural) chickens; in the event that it is emphasized that we are talking about females, truncation may not occur: RoosterjumpedWithfenceAndretiredTohischickens. Shuksh.; in phraseology: HowwetChicken, colloquial). In the family p. words vessel And flower have inflection ov(ships,colors), word chicken- zero inflection ( chickens).

§ 1214. Fifth type of correlation of fundamentals. Words child And Human form plural forms. h. from suppletive bases de|t’| and lju|d’|: children,People. In the family p. words children,People have inflection to her:children,of people; on TV n. - inflection mi:children,people.

Note. Form people used only jokingly or ironically, for example, in the expression: All We People, All people; formations are also normal: half-humans(along with demihumans), subhumans from those usually consumed in units. h words half-human, subhuman in meaning (defective, unreal person). Forms of indirect pad., formed not from a suppletive stem, are normally used in quantitative combinations: two Human, three people, With five people, O five people. In contexts that emphasize human belonging to the animal world, the non-normative form gender is sometimes found. p.m. h. people: Mansion stood fantastic figures half-beasts, demigods And personV, curved, With intertwined hands, grinning, distorted grimaces(Sand.). IN XIX literature V. form gen. P. people how stylistically neutral is found in the language of poetry: Day - this brilliant cover - Day, earth-born revival, Souls painful healing, Friend people And gods! (Tyutch.).

Nouns that do not form separate plural forms. Ch.

§ 1215. Some words in plural. Ch. They do not form certain forms, i.e. they have incomplete plural paradigms. Ch. These are the following cases.

1) They do not form genus forms. p.m. including the following words from women. r.: a) mga,haze,bribe,dark(darkness) ; b) words with a consonant + tsa:foulbrood,dirty guy,lazy,pollen,dogtrot,salt,hoarse, and coffers,damask,yearning,cod. Plural forms The use of the listed words is very rare.

2) The gender form is not found in use. p.m. h words dream,head,supplication. These forms are usually replaced by forms of the synonym: dreams(instead of * dream),goals(instead of * noggin or * head),requests(instead of * pleading).

3) All plural forms are uncommon. h. words crown.

4) In words shchetz And firewood there are no other forms other than the genus form. p.m. h.

Nouns that vary according to the adjective inflection

§ 1216. Nouns that have the form im. change according to the adjectival declension. p.un. including one of the inflections characteristic of the forms named after. p.un. including adjectives of adjectival declension (see § 1310), i.e. inflection Ouch and th(spelling also th) in nouns husband. R.; ­ and I(spelling also yaya) in nouns wives. R.; ­ oh(spelling also her) in nouns. R.; ­ no(spelling also s) for nouns pluralia tantum: tailor, counselor, worker, comma, insect, tips. A significant part of the nouns of the adjectival declension are substantivized adjectives and participles (see § 543–549). The varieties in the declension of these nouns and the phonemic composition of their inflections are the same as in the adjectival declension (see 1310–1314). For nouns that change according to the adjectival declension, in the plural. h. and in the words husband. R. in units h. belonging to the category of animate or inanimate is morphologically expressed: animate nouns have the same gender inflections. and wine etc., in inanimate inflections named after. and wine P.

	Singular
	Masculine
	day off­ Ouch	two hryvnia­ th					working­ th
	day off­ Wow	two hryvnia­ Wow					working­ his
	day off­ wow	two hryvnia­ wow					working­ to him
	day off­ Ouch	two hryvnia­ th					working­ his
	day off­ th	two hryvnia­ th					working­ them
	Oday off­ ohm	Otwo hryvnia­ ohm					Oworking­ eat
	Neuter gender
	animal­ oh			subject to­ her
	animal­ Wow			subject to­ his
	animal­ wow			subject to­ to him
	animal­ oh			subject to­ her
	animal­ th			subject to­ them
	Oanimal­ ohm			Osubject to­ eat
	Feminine
	comma­ and I		maid­ and I			manager­ and I
	comma­ Ouch		maid­ Ouch			manager­ to her
	comma­ Ouch		maid­ Ouch			manager­ to her
	comma­ wow		maid­ wow			manager­ wow
	comma­ Ouch (­ oh)		maid­ Ouch (­ oh)			manager­ to her (­ oh)
	Ocomma­ Ouch		Omaid­ Ouch			Ohead
	Plural
	Masculine
	day off­ s		two hryvnia­ s				working­ no
	day off­ s		two hryvnia­ s				working­ their
	day off­ th		two hryvnia­ th				working­ them
	day off­ s		two hryvnia­ s				working­ their
	day off­ them		two hryvnia­ them				working­ them
	Oday off­ s		Otwo hryvnia­ s				Oworking­ their
	Neuter gender
	animal­ s			subject to­ no
	animal­ s			subject to­ their
	animal­ th			subject to­ them
	animal­ s			subject to­ no
	animal­ them			subject to­ them
	Oanimal­ s			Osubject to­ their
	Feminine
	comma­ s	maid­ s			manager­ no
	comma­ s	maid­ s			manager­ their
	comma­ th	maid­ th			manager­ them
	comma­ s	maid­ s			manager­ their
	comma­ them	maid­ them			manager­ them
	Ocomma­ s	Omaid­ s			Omanager­ their

"

Good afternoon I have a question about the declination of surnames. I read the information posted on the site about this, but did not come to a definite conclusion. So, the last name is Novik. It is inclined if it is a male surname (the diploma was issued to Igor Novik), and it is not inclined if it is a female one (the diploma was issued to Anna Novik). What about the plural? If this is a man's surname, it will be inclined: the diploma was issued to Igor and Oleg Novik. What if it’s female? Diplomas were issued to Anna and Elena Novik (or Novik?). And what to do with the plural if the text has no reference to gender? For example, did you come to visit the Novikov family? What if it is known that there are only women in the family (but this is not stated in the proposal)? For example, “we came to visit the Novik (or Novikov?) family. Anna, Elena and Olga met us...”

Here is an excerpt about such surnames from the “Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics” by D. E. Rosenthal.

Surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases given in the plural form, in others - in the singular form, namely:

Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolph and Michael Gottlieb; Also Oistrakh father and son;

2) with two female names Irina and Tamara Press;

Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Paul and Eslanda Robson, August and Caroline Schlegel, Richard Sorge's comrades Max and Anna Clausen, Ariadne and Peter Tur; Seryozha and Valya Bruzzhak, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;

Mr and Mrs Rainer, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister Estrema husband and wife, Niringa brother and sister;

5) at the word spouses The surname is given in singular form, for example: Spouses Kent, Spouses Thorndyke, Spouses Nodduck;

6) at the word brothers Brothers Grimm, Brothers Schlegel, Brothers Schellenberg, Brothers Pokrass; the same with the word sisters: Press sisters, Koch sisters;

7) at the word family the surname is usually given in the singular form, for example: s Oppenheim family, Gamal family.

	Question No. 289994

Hello! Tell me, please, is the surname inclined in this case? Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich(s)? And should such a surname be combined with male names - Ivan and Sergey Kovtunovich(s)? Thank you!

Russian help desk response

Right: Ivan and Isabella Kovtunovich, Ivan and Sergei Kovtunovich.

Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases given in the plural form, in others - in the singular form:

1) if the surname has two male names, then it is put in plural form, for example: Heinrich and Thomas Mann, August and Jean Picard, Adolph and Michael Gottlieb; also father and son of Oistrakhi;

Irina and Tamara Press;

3) if the surname is accompanied by a male and female names, then it retains the singular form, for example: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Ronald and Nancy Reagan, Ariadne and Peter Tur, Nina and Stanislav Zhuk;

4) in singular the surname is also given if it is accompanied by two common nouns indicating different genders, for example: Mr. and Mrs. Clinton, Lord and Lady Hamilton; however, with combinations husband and wife, brother and sister the surname is more often used in the plural form: Husband and wife of Estrema, brother and sister of Nieringa;

5) at the word spouses The surname is given in singular form, for example: Kent couple, Major couple;

6) at the word brothers The surname is also usually given in the singular form, for example: the Grimm brothers, the Spiegel brothers, the Schellenberg brothers, the Pokrass brothers; the same with the word sisters: Koch sisters;

7) at the word family Oppenheim family.

	Question No. 289907

Hello. The Clintons or the Clintons? I think the second option is correct, but in the quote the first... Over 15 years, $10 million was allocated to help the Clintons.

Russian help desk response

The “Handbook of the Russian Language: Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova contains a recommendation to put a foreign surname in the singular form if it is accompanied by the words spouses, family. Recommendations on the use of surnames in words couple not in the reference book, but it is logical to assume that in this case the singular number is preferable.

	Question No. 288805

Does the surname Kim lean into plural: “to the Kim spouses” or “to the Kim spouses”, “Natalia and Oleg Kim” or “Natalia and Oleg Kim”?

Russian help desk response

In such cases, with the words spouses, family Surnames are usually singular: to the Kim spouses.

If the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then it also retains the singular form: Natalia and Oleg Kim.

	Question No. 287231

Greetings! I'm looking into the topic of declination of surnames. There is very little information about plural forms. Can you please tell me what the plural form for surnames in -uk/-yuk will look like? For example, Vlasyuk. Shall we visit Vlasyukov or Vlasyuk? I would be grateful if you recommend a source (give a link) for self-study Topics.

Russian help desk response

Variations are possible. For example, with two male names, the surname is put in the plural form. numbers (we will visit Yuri and Nikolai Vlasyukov), with two female names, a single number is chosen. At the words brothers, spouses, family the surname is usually given in singular form (Vlasyuk brothers, Vlasyuk spouses, Vlasyuk family), but with the words husband and wife The plural is more common: husband and wife Vlasyuki. See: Rosenthal D. E., Dzhandzhakova E. V., Kabanova N. P. Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. 7th ed. M., 2010 (section “Declination of some names and surnames”).

	Question No. 283207

Tell me if the sentences are spelled correctly: “35 books have been written about the history of the Bell family, which was attacked by a mysterious spirit. They all tell how a curse fell on the respectable and respectable Bell family.” Is it necessary to decline the last name "Bell"?

Russian help desk response

At the words spouses, family a foreign-language surname is usually put in the singular form: about the history of the Bell family, on the Bell family. Instead of curse better write a curse. Everything else is correct.

	Question No. 270255

There is reference material on my topic on your website, but questions remain. Hello, now :)) Family Karmanovich or Karmanovich? Do non-Russian surnames like Khatit, Nash decline in the plural? i.e. Our brothers or Ours? Spouses of Khatit or Khatit, etc.? Thank you in advance!

Russian help desk response

Non-Russian surnames referring to two or more persons are in some cases put in the plural form. numbers, in others - in singular form. It depends on the context. At the words spouses And brothers The surname is usually given in singular form: wife Hatit, brothers Nash. At the word family a non-Russian surname is also usually given in the singular form.

	Question No. 267802

Please tell me,
in the sentence “The spouse refused social services at home at the time the specialists visited the department,” is “at the time the specialists visited the department” a phrase that clarifies the meaning and is it necessary to separate it with commas?
thank you in advance

Russian help desk response

This is not a clarifying construction, additional signs no punctuation required.

	Question No. 260436

Hello!
Please tell me what is the correct surname of the deceased wife of the President of Poland to sound in Russian: Kaczynska or Kaczynska? Or are both options acceptable?
Thank you.

Russian help desk response

Correct in Russian: Kaczynska.

	Question No. 254502

To question No. 254477: why is “Popelyuk dynasty” correct, but “Romanov dynasty”?

Russian help desk response

Non-standard Russian and non-Russian surnames (i.e. surnames formed in a way other than suffixes -ov/-ev, -in) are usually placed in the singular form if accompanied by the words brothers, sisters, spouses, family, dynasty etc., cf.: Petrov brothers, But Brothers Grimm, Ivanov family, But Zhuk family. Likewise: Romanov dynasty, But Popelyuk dynasty.

	Question No. 246491

Please tell me whether the surnames are declined in the following cases: the Clinton spouses arrived on vacation; Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt visited the theater; Husband and wife Robson made the trip?

Russian help desk response

If the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then it retains the singular form: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.

At the words spouses, family, brothers The surname is usually given in singular form: Clinton spouses.

With combinations husband and wife, brother and sister the surname is more often used in the plural form: Robson husband and wife.

	Question No. 243967

Good afternoon. Please tell us about the etymology of the word “marriage” - in the meaning of the union of spouses and, if possible, about the etymology of the word “spouse”. Thank you!

Russian help desk response

Marriage(“marriage”) is a Slavic word, historically associated, apparently, with the verb take(the exact etymology has not been established). Spouse– derived from sprushti"to pull together, to connect, to harness." Initial spouse turned into spouse influenced by words with a prefix su-. Spouses literally - “in one harness.”

	Question No. 241215

Hello, Gramota.ru!
Help the proofreader of a newspaper published in Russian.
How should surnames be spelled correctly in the following combinations:

Demidchik brothers or Demidchik brothers, Kreidich brothers or Kreidich brothers, Gleb brothers or Gleb brothers, Gusik brothers or Gusik brothers;

Alla and Alexander Batsuk or Alla and Alexander Batsuki, Vera and Andrey Dokuchits or Vera and Andrey Dokuchits, Natalya and Vyacheslav Lut or Natalya and Vyacheslav Lut, Irina and Denis Oleynik or Irina and Denis Oleynik, Ekaterina and Dmitry Moshchik or Ekaterina and Dmitry Moshchik,

spouses Samoiluk or spouses Samoiluks, spouses Talashkevich or spouses Talashkevichs, spouses Cheberkus or spouses Cheberkus, spouses Selyukh or spouses Selyukha;

Brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik or brothers Eduard and Vladimir Demidchik, brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb or brothers Alexander and Vyacheslav Gleb;

spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk or spouses Lyudmila and Vasily Tishuk; spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak or spouses Elena and Stepan Shuplyak;

The Kivachuk couple or the Kivachuk couple,

The couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk, or the couple of Lyudmila and Vladimir Kivachuk;

The Stasiuk family or the Stasiuk family, the Los family or the Los family;

The family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk, or the family of Natalia and Igor Stasiuk.

This is very important for my competent work. The issue goes to press!!! Please, I really need it!!!

Russian help desk response

The recommendations are as follows. If the surname has two male names, then it is put in the plural form. If the surname has two female names or if the surname is accompanied by a male and female name, then the surname retains the singular form.

At the words spouses, family, brothers the surname is usually given in the singular form.

	Question No. 240838

Is it wrong to use the word "spouse"? I have always believed that this is how you should say it when talking with someone you don’t know well, and when communicating with friends you should use “husband, wife.” Today I listened to an excerpt from a book of essays by journalist A. Zimin, which describes a real episode when a certain lady who considers herself to be a member of the highest educated caste and considers everyone who uses irregular shapes speeches, pariahs and renegades, declares (I do not quote it verbatim, but the meaning is preserved) that the very use of “spouse” is the division between the upper and lower classes, akin to common speech and indicates the speaker’s non-involvement in a cultural society. Thank you.

Russian help desk response

Use of words spouse And spouse in ordinary speech is not welcomed, but not so much because it supposedly indicates some kind of division into “higher” and “lower” castes, but because such use contradicts the stylistic norm of modern literary language, gives speech mannerism, some sweetness and is qualified by a number of linguists as a manifestation of “speech philistinism”.

Before words spouse And spouse did not have such stylistic shades, cf. lines from “Eugene Onegin” (Lensky’s poems to Olga): “Heart friend, desired friend, Come, come: I am your husband!..” However, in modern speech the words spouse And spouse are of an official nature (in the official chronicle you can find the following combination: the President's wife visited...). In ordinary speech, the correct use of the word spouses in the plural of a couple: young spouses, Ivanov spouses. But in the singular in ordinary speech, the use of these words is regarded as bad taste: expressions such as my wife and I, my husband (wife) should be avoided and spoken my husband/wife and I, my (my) wife (husband).

	Question No. 212874

“in the event(,) if the spouses have not reached the age of majority, in order to conclude a marriage contract it is necessary...” is a comma needed? Thank you

Russian help desk response

Husband. he is a kind of man, full years, mature; older male person, opposite. wife, woman. | In relation to a woman, wife: spouse, popular, master, forming a couple with his wife. Get married. Be married. What a man you have!... ... Dictionary Dahl

Husband- spouse In other Russian language meant a man in general, but the meaning of spouse was also present. This coincidence is explained by the fact that essentially only married man, i.e. someone’s husband, was a full-fledged adult man, a peasant. Dr. rus. husband … Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Person * Marriage * Girl * Childhood * Soul * Wife * Woman * Maturity * Mother * Youth * Husband * Men * He and She * Father * Generation * Parents * Family * ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

Spouse, partner, cohabitant. See man... in front is a blessed man, but in the back is he staggering... . Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. husband, spouse, faithful, half, companion... ... Synonym dictionary

HUSBAND, husband, husband. 1. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). Husband, the man to whom a woman is married. My man's My daughters' husbands are my sons-in-law. 2. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). A man in adulthood (bookish, outdated, poetic). “Finally I hear speech not... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

HUSBAND, ah, husband. 1. (pl. husbands, husbands, husbands). A man in relation to a woman with whom he is officially married (to his wife). Dacha m. (translated: about someone who has many different daily responsibilities in relation to a family living on... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

husband- husband, ah, creative. n. eat, plural h. husband and, her, am (men) and husband I, husband her, husband yam (wife) ... Russian spelling dictionary

husband- HUSBAND, ah, many husbands, zhey, m Man in relation to the woman with whom he is married (his wife). My husband! she repeated. He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! (P.) … Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

Noun, m., used. very often Morphology: (no) whom? husband, who? husband, (see) who? husband, who? husband, about whom? about my husband; pl. Who? husbands and husbands, (no) whom? husbands, who? husbands and husbands, (I see) whom? husbands, by whom? husbands and husbands, about whom? about husbands and... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

husband- HUSBAND, spouse, colloquial, joking. faithful, colloquial, joking. half, colloquial reduction man, colloquial reduction husband, colloquial reduction master … Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

husband- husband/, plural husband/s (men) and husband/s (spouses) ... Morphemic-spelling dictionary

Books

• Husband and Wife, William Wilkie Collins. Husband and wife…
• Husband from the Internet, Alexander Levin. After the computer appeared in the Kuznetsovs’ house family life went downhill. The son began to study worse and played computer games all day long. The husband stopped paying attention to Tatyana and that’s it...

To masculine nouns in Czech language include nouns that end in:

• hard consonant: brambor, pilot, dům, pes
• to a soft consonant: nůž, konec, boj, kříž
• some animate nouns ending in a vowel: neposeda, přednosta, škůdce, soudce

The masculine gender in Czech is divided into animate And inanimate nouns This affects the endings of nouns when we work with cases. Feminine and average are not divided into animate and inanimate.

Plural. Animated

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	pan ové pan i	muž i	předsed ové	soudc ové soudc i	Jiř í
Koho? What? Whom? What?	pan ů	muž ů	předsed ů	soudc ů	Jiř ich
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	pan y	muž e	předsed y	soudc e	Jiř í

Following the example of the word pan– pan ové(pán i) the words will be declined: syn, právník, lev, student, president, voják.

Following the example of the word muž– muž ové(muž i) the words will be declined: ředitel, držitel, uklízeč, cizinec, rodič.

Following the example of the word předseda– předsed ové the words will be inclined: bandita, starosta, kolega, hrdina, policista.

Following the example of the word soudce–soudc ové(soudc i) the words will be declined: správce, dárce, zrádce, vládce, průvodce.

Following the example of the word Jiří– Jiř í the words will be inclined: krejčí, průvodčí, vedoucí, výpravčí, dozorčí.

It may be noted that the plural in the case "Who? What?" we got by adding the ending to the word -ové or -i.

Plural. Inanimate

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	hrad y	stroj e
Koho? What? Whom? What?	hrad ů	stroj ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	hrad y	stroj e

Following the example of the word hrad the words will be inclined: most, strom, obchod, pas, stůl, balkon.

Following the example of the word stroj the words will be inclined: počítač, cíl, míč, klíč, čaj, měsíc.

Now, in order to use our time even more rationally, we will put an adjective in front of these nouns in these three cases and see what endings it takes.

Inanimate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -é : strom y(trees) jsou mlad é (young) .

Animate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -í : muž i(men) jsou mlad í (young) .

From the topic Adjectives in Czech. Masculine. The singular number we know that in the Czech language there is also the so-called. "soft adjective"– it is characterized by a soft ending -í .

The most commonly used adjectives of this group are: mobilní, právní, cizí, krajní, denní, noční, místní, lokální, státní, poslední, finanční, ostatní, první, třetí.

Soft adjectives are not inflected for number or gender.

So, in order to distinguish by what type we need to decline an adjective in the plural, we need to put the adjective from the plural into the singular - soft adjectives will remain with the ending -í , and the solids in the singular will receive their characteristic -ý .

You can double-check yourself on any word in the Czech language on the website slovnik.seznam.cz.

With adjectives everything is very simple.
We enter them into our tables and get:

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	mlad í /ciz í	pan ové pan i	muž i	předsed ové (husite)	soudc ové soudc i	Jiř í
Koho? What? Whom? What?	mlad ých/ciz ich	pan ů	muž ů (přátel)	předsed ů	soudc ů	Jiř ich
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	mlad é /ciz í	pan y	muž e	předsed y	soudc e	Jiř í

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	velk é /prvn í	hrad y	stroj e
Koho? What? Whom? What?	velk ých/prvn ich	hrad ů	stroj ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	velk é /prvn í	hrad y	stroj e

Declension of nouns "days", "people", "guests"– frequently used words in the Czech language:

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	velk é /velcí/prvn í	dn y/dn i	lid é	host é
Koho? What? Whom? What?	velk ých/prvn ich	dn í /dn ů	lid í	host ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	velk é /prvn í	dn i dn y	lid i	host y

In the masculine plural in Czech adjectives, in addition to endings, you need to pay attention to the changes in letters in the word itself:

Similar endings:

As in Russian, cases correspond to different prepositions.

Whom? What? (Genitiv = 2. pád)

od– odcházím od kamarádů (I'm leaving my friends)
do– do lesů (to the forest), nastupujte do vozů (go into the cars)
bez– bez partnerů (without partners)
krom(ě)– kromě manželů (except for husbands)
misto– místo rublů vezmi dolary (use dollars instead of rubles)
suble– suble zákonů (according to laws)
podel / kolem– kolem hradů (around fortresses)
about– okolo zámků (near/around the castles)
u– u domů (near houses)
vedle– zastávky vedle obchodů (stops near shops)
během– během vikendů (during weekends/weekends)
help– pomocí šroubováků (using screwdrivers)
za– za starých časů (in old times)

Whom? What? (Akuzativ = 4. pád)

pro– dárky pro muže (Presents for men)
před– dej stoly před televizi (place tables in front of the TV)
mimo – (past, outside of something, except, besides someone / something, besides, on top of something)– ochrana dřevin rostoucích mimo lesy (protection of trees growing outside the forest), mimo soudy (not for ships)
na– pověste oblečení na věšáky (hang clothes on hangers)
pod(e)– všechno padá pod stoly (everything falls under the tables)
o– zvýšit o 2 stupně (increase by 2 levels), boje o poháry (fights for cups)
po– jsem po kotníky ve vodě (I’m up to my ankles (ankle - m. r.) in the water)
v– věřit v zákony (believe in laws)