Types of insulation for the walls of a house from the inside: materials for insulation and their characteristics. Artificial or natural insulation: which one to choose What is green insulation called?

Thermal insulation is an integral part of any house or apartment, in any climate and in any latitude. Even in very hot climates, when building a house, thermal insulation allows you to curb the heat from the street, making indoor conditions more comfortable. There are plenty of types of thermal insulation to please everyone.

The main criterion when choosing this type of material should be thermal conductivity. Such products are available in various forms, but this is more likely to be needed for specific situations and should not play a decisive role in the purchase.

Conventionally, thermal insulation materials can be divided into two categories: reflective (reflect heat and IR radiation, preventing most of it from entering the premises) and preventing.

Prevention type thermal insulation

This type of insulation is made from various components. It is impossible to say for sure which insulation will consistently be better than others - it depends on the application. It can be of the following types: from organic materials and from inorganic ones.

Made from organic materials

The main component is made from natural raw materials, mainly slag, but it can also be sawdust or shavings.

There are also variations with cement additions to organic raw materials. This insulation is very resistant to fire, more moisture resistant, and also weakly reacts with chemical and biologically active substances. The maximum temperature threshold of such insulation is 140 degrees.

There are several types of such insulation:

arbolite (wood - sawdust, straw, shavings with chemical components)
PPVC (foam type, main raw material – special resins)
Chipboard (the same wood shavings, but with synthetic resins and additional pesticides)
DVIP (similar to chipboard, only the base consists of wood waste from paper and straw. They also add chemical reagents by type of septic tank)
foam insulation (the second name is mipora, it consists of an aqueous emulsion of a certain resin, glycerin, as well as petroleum products)
EPS (foam plastic, the main component is polystyrene (a petroleum product), the sheets themselves consist of only 2-3% of it, the rest is air)
ecowool (recycled paper, cardboard and other waste paper). The release form can be either in the form of mats or in the form of sprayed insulation.

From inorganic materials

The main materials in the manufacture of this type of insulation are various types of minerals, asbestos, slag, and in some cases glass. Glass-based insulation is probably known to everyone - glass wool. From mountain minerals - mineral wool (from slag or stone).

Often materials are combined that were previously used in other compositions, which is how foam glass turned out (asbestos and ceramics, sometimes asbestos and glass, and it is better to look at photos of these types of insulation separately).

There are also types of concrete (cellular and lightweight). The form of release of such insulation can be either slabs (mats) or rolls.

Reflective type thermal insulation

This type of insulation is also called reflex. It works by slowing down the movement of warm waves. Any material is capable of absorbing and radiating heat, but the main loss is the exit of IR rays from the premises (as well as their entry).

Some materials can reflect heat almost completely, namely about 98-99%. We are talking about materials such as aluminum (pure), gold and silver. Of course, the last two are not cheap, but aluminum is used quite often; it can most often be found in saunas or baths.

Also distinctive feature is that reflective material is also an excellent vapor barrier, which cannot be said about classic insulating materials.

Now such insulation is produced in the form of polished aluminum in several layers. Of course, visually this is thin insulation, about 1.5-3 cm. As for its functions, with such a thickness in terms of thermal insulation, it is comparable to the same mineral wool, 30 cm thick. The main manufacturers on the insulation market are Penofol, Ecofol.

Conclusion

In addition to their usual properties, thermal insulation materials also insulate from steam, noise, excess dust and dirt. It is best not to settle on any particular type, but to do comprehensive insulation, using all best properties under desired type premises.

Sometimes you can find ordinary thermal insulation material, but with a layer or coating of aluminum. It is also called foil insulation.

Photos of insulation

Today the market offers consumers different kinds insulation materials that differ in cost, installation and thermal conductivity. In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to other characteristics in order to have an idea correct application thermal insulation during house construction.

A comprehensive assessment of the material will help you choose the right insulation for your home. Application different types thermal insulation depends not only on their properties, but also on architectural features building, thermal conductivity of individual structural elements, as well as expected cold bridges. Insulation of each component of the house is carried out different materials.
External insulation of a loggia, balcony, basement is made with penoplex. Due to the fact that it can withstand loads of up to 0.5 MPa and is resistant to moisture, the insulation is optimally suited for exterior finishing basements Penoplex, being under the ground, is protected from fire and retains all its properties.
Thermal insulators for the external decoration of the walls of a house are selected depending on the material from which the structural element is built. It is best to inflate wooden houses with foam insulation. Applied under high pressure the foam fills all the cracks, and its structure allows the wood to breathe. The high price does not always allow the use of penoizol. As a replacement option, you can lay mineral wool. Walls made of concrete, gas blocks and other similar materials are insulated with penoplex or glass wool. Although, in government construction, they are more inclined to use glass wool due to its resistance to fire.
Inside the house, the walls and ceiling are insulated with non-combustible materials. Usually these are mineral wool mats laid in a frame. They are covered with a vapor barrier on top, which prevents moisture from penetrating the mats and fleecy fibers into the room. If there are lags, the ceiling is covered with ecowool. To insulate the floor, a 100 mm layer of expanded clay is filled, plus foam boards are laid. Flooded from above concrete screed prevents the insulation from burning, and the reinforcing mesh gives strength to the floors.
A modern and very practical insulation for roofing is polyurethane foam. It is applied by spraying. But him high price Not everyone can afford it. Most often, traditional insulation - mineral wool - is used for roofing. It is produced different sizes in the form of mats and rolls.
Insulation that is correctly selected according to its characteristics will create a comfortable conditions accommodation.

Review of thermal insulation materials

Preventative types of insulation are most often used for finishing different elements house designs. They have a low thermal conductivity.
Organic-based insulation materials are made from wood and agricultural waste. To improve properties, cement and plastic are added to natural raw materials. The result is insulation that is resistant to fire and moisture. It can withstand heat up to 150 degrees. The scope of application is wide, but is mainly used as internal insulation multi-layer roof or facade structure.

white agglomerate is made from the bark of oak branches;
black agglomerate is made from bark removed from a tree trunk.

Cork can be used as a base for wallpaper or as a finish. Thin roll material found its application as a substrate for laminate flooring. The price of such natural material is quite high. Depending on the modifications, the cost ranges from 800 to 4 thousand. rub./m2.

Honeycomb plastic heat insulator

The structure of the material consists of hexagonal cells like a honeycomb. Inside they are filled with fabric or paper filling, held together epoxy resin. Phenolic resins can be used as a fixative. In appearance, honeycomb panels resemble plastic. The characteristics of the material depend on the raw materials used in the production of the base. For example, the sheet density can be from 230 to 500 kg/m2.

Foam-polyvinyl chloride

PPVC heat insulator is made from foamed resins. The porousization method gives them this structure. The material is produced soft and hard, which gives it versatility. PVC is suitable for insulating roofs, floors and walls. Its density is 0.1 kg/m3.

Many people believe that chipboard is simply building material. But as insulation, the slabs have proven themselves to be good. Their basis is small sawdust, bonded with synthetic resin. The density of the slabs ranges from 500 to 1 thousand kg/m3, and water absorption is 5–30%.
The use of chipboard as insulation is justified for floors, walls and ceilings. The cost of the sheets is quite low and is affordable for every developer. Depending on the size, the sheet can be purchased for 400–900 rubles. The slabs are used as a base for installing soft roofs.

Fiberboard

The fiberboard board looks like chipboard. Its base consists of fibers of straw, corn or any wood. It is even possible to use waste paper. Added as an adhesive synthetic resins. The density of fiberboard compared to chipboard is small, only up to 250 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity is 0.07 W/m/K, plus low strength.
The scope of application is similar to that for chipboard. Low cost ranges up to 800 rubles. per sheet.

Lightweight thermal insulation has a unique closed-cell structure, which creates the lowest thermal conductivity compared to other insulation materials. PPU is formed

from the interaction of liquid components, polyester and MDI. The impact of catalysts creates chemical reaction, the result of which is the formation of a new substance. The density of the insulation is 40–80 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam is about 0.028 W/m/K.
Polyurethane foam is applied to the insulated surface using the spraying method, which allows you to treat any difficult areas. The optimal use of polyurethane foam is roof insulation and wooden walls Houses. The cost of the material along with the spraying work is quite high and can reach $200/m3.

Penoizol

Another name for insulation is mipora. It is obtained on the basis of a whipped water emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Glycerin and sulfonic acid are used as additives. Mipore is delivered to the consumer in blocks or crumbs. It is used in liquid form at construction sites. Mipora poured into prepared cavities hardens at a positive temperature.
Low density up to 20 kg/m3 promotes strong water absorption. The thermal conductivity index is 0.03 W/m/K. Not afraid of fire.

Polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam

These two insulation materials consist of 2% polystyrene and 98% air. The thermal conductivity index is 0.037–0.042 W/m/K. They differ from each other in structure. Polystyrene foam consists of small balls, and expanded polystyrene, when broken, resembles foam rubber.
Polystyrene is flammable and emits toxic smoke. Polystyrene foam is afraid of moisture, so it is more often used for insulating facades. Extruded polystyrene foam can for a long time located in wet soil, therefore it is more suitable for external insulation of basements. The cost of the material is low.

Minvata

A common insulation material for walls and roofs is mineral wool. It comes in two types:

slag wool is made from dissimilar metal casting waste;
stone wool made from rocks, for example, basalt, limestone, etc.

The material is non-flammable, resistant to chemical attack, and has a low cost. Produced in slabs and rolls.

Glass wool

The material differs from mineral wool in fibers bigger size. The basis of production is the raw materials used to make glass. The thermal conductivity index is from 0.03 to 0.052 W/m/K, and the density is no more than 130 kg/m3. Glass wool is also popular for insulating roofs and walls.

Ceramic wool

Produced by blowing zirconium, silicon or aluminum oxide. Cotton wool is resistant to high temperatures and does not deform. The thermal conductivity index at +600°C is from 0.13 to 0.16 W/m/K, and the density is no more than 350 kg/m3. It is used for insulation of facades and roofs of buildings.

Mixed type insulation

Materials are produced from asbestos mixtures with the addition of perlite, dolomite and other components. The initial state of the material resembles dough. They cover the surface prepared for insulation and leave it until completely dry.

Asbestos is resistant to fire and can withstand heat up to 900 °C, but it is afraid of moisture, so such thermal insulation requires mandatory waterproofing.

Example of material mixed type is vulcanite and sovelite. Their thermal conductivity is 0.2 W/m/K. The cost of insulation is low, but it is dangerous to human health.

Reflective materials

Foil is used as a reflector, and foamed polyethylene creates a thermal barrier. The material has a thin structure up to 25 mm thick, but its effectiveness is equivalent to 100 mm thick fiber insulation. One popular example is penofol.
Reflective thermal insulation simultaneously acts as a vapor barrier, so it is convenient to use in baths and saunas. The cost of the material is low and accessible to everyone.
The main types of insulation materials discussed today and their characteristics will help to make right choice material for specific construction needs.
IN next video You can get acquainted with the characteristics of some types of insulation.

Thermal insulation is an important and responsible process with which you can make your home warm and save on heating costs. Walls, roofs, and pipes can be insulated. But for each case there is its own option, technological features which need to be taken into account when choosing them.

For external walls

External walls are important element each house, because they are entrusted with the load-bearing function and protection of the house from negative influence environment.

Mineral wool

This material is considered one of the most popular for insulating walls both outside and inside. It's connected with . Installation of wool is carried out without a preliminary layer of vapor barrier between plasterboard slabs.

In the photo - mineral wool for insulation

For external walls it is worth using mineral wool in roll format. And although the material is low cost, it is very effective in terms of heat retention, durability and strength. The disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to “breathe”. does not carry any harm and is completely safe.

Expanded polystyrene

This material is not inferior in popularity to mineral wool and is actively used for external thermal insulation. The popularity of this material lies in its high thermal and performance data. You can read more about it in our article.

In the photo - polystyrene foam for wall insulation

The advantages of insulation include:

low thermal conductivity;
small throughput steam and moisture;
ease of installation;
light weight.

Polyurethane foam

This material is for external insulation can be considered universal. This is due to the fact that polyurethane foam has a cellular structure. The material can be used to insulate internal and external walls. The insulation has a thermal conductivity of 0.0125 W/mK. Polyurethane cells contain air or inert gas. They are hermetically sealed, due to which the material has excellent waterproofing capabilities.

The photo shows polyurethane foam for wall insulation

Foamed foil polyethylene

But what is the best insulation for facades under siding and how to choose it is described in this article:

But what kind of insulation for facade plaster is the most popular and how it is used will help you understand the information

Liquid ceramics

And although this insulation option is considered modern today, many developers are wary of it. Although the characteristics liquid heat insulator look impressive. Thermal conductivity is 0.01 W, and when the material dries, a single layer is formed that does not contain joints or crevices.

The photo shows liquid ceramics for insulating walls from the inside

The main advantage of liquid ceramics is that after its application there is no need to apply a finish. The resulting surface looks beautiful, thin and at the same time performs all the functions assigned to insulation. The only disadvantage of the material is that it has a high price. And you can read about which ones are used in the article.

For roofing

When erecting a roof, it is imperative to provide a layer of insulation. But now we’ll determine which one is most suitable.

Expanded polystyrene

This material has excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation qualities. But it cannot be used if there is a flat or soft roof.

In the photo - polystyrene foam for roofing

This is due to the fact that the material is vapor permeable and flammable. By using polystyrene foam, you can create excellent roof ventilation. But the information from this article will help you understand how to use it.

Polyurethane foam

The main advantage of this material is that it perfectly protects the roof from the penetration of cold. In addition, it is not affected by fire. Polyurethane foam can be applied to the roof in the most inaccessible places.

The photo shows polyurethane foam for roofing

In addition, with the help of this roofing insulation you can forget about joints and gaps. But what a shell for polyurethane foam pipes is, in detail with a photo, is described in this

Foam glass

This material is considered unique, because glass production waste is used in combination with carbon for its production.

The photo shows foam glass for roof insulation

The main advantages of insulation include:

non-flammability,
not afraid of steam and water,
not affected by rodents and microorganisms,
long service life;
excellent thermal insulation qualities,
resistance to deformation.

Which one is better to use for a wooden house?

Today on modern market there are many thermal insulation materials, which can be used for insulation wooden house. When choosing, you need to take into account that wooden surface I was able to “breathe.” Otherwise, it will lead to the development of mold and mildew.

The following materials can be used to insulate wood:

Jute.
Tape tow.
Expanded polystyrene.
Mineral wool.
Styrofoam.

A large selection of mineral wool makes you wonder which one is better: glass wool, stone wool or others.

Non-flammable types

If you need to choose a material that is not subject to combustion, but will still perform all the functions of a heat insulator, then you should pay attention to the following types:

Glass wool. This material is characterized by high strength and elasticity. It is actively used when insulating heating pipelines. Glass wool is not exposed negative influence UV rays.
In the photo there is non-flammable glass wool:
Expanded clay. The heat insulator is obtained by firing clay. It can be used when insulating complex or hard-to-reach surfaces. Has excellent thermal insulation properties. But which one is described in great detail in this article.
In the photo, non-flammable expanded clay:
Foam glass. This material belongs to inorganic insulation. It has a structure that resembles soap foam. In the production of heat insulators, coal and glass are used. Thanks to this, foam glass is able to withstand high temperatures. But what is GOST for expanded clay concrete wall panels, information from
In the photo, non-flammable foam glass material:

Foil types

Today you can purchase the following insulation with a foil layer:

Minvata. This material is excellent for insulating surfaces that are constantly heated to high temperatures. Mineral wool is often used when laying pipes. Here's what specifications mineral wool currently exists and where it is used is described in this
In the photo there is foil mineral wool:
Foamed polyurethane foam. On one side it has a layer of aluminum. The material has excellent thermal insulation properties, despite the thin layer. It is much more effective than mineral wool.
For photo-foiled polyurethane foam:
Foil insulator. On one side it has a foil layer, and on the other there is a self-adhesive surface. The material is used as a vapor and waterproofing agent.
For photo-foil insulation for insulation:

Basalt species

Basalt insulation- This is stone wool. Stands out good. The material is environmentally friendly and practical. It can be used when insulating the following surfaces:

Basalt insulation is classified based on density and form of release. Each of them has its own pros and cons. Basalt is produced in the form of a roll, mat or scattering.

This article discusses the main characteristics of insulation materials that are most often used in individual construction. Information about insulation materials will be needed for planning any modern construction or major renovation.

The given data on heat insulators are taken from open sources provided by manufacturers and are approximate, averaged for each type of material. In practice, you can find insulation with slightly different qualities, which should be declared by the manufacturers.

List of insulation characteristics

Thermal conductivity coefficient - , W/(m K)
The main characteristic of any insulation. The lower this number, the less energy the insulation transmits through itself and the better its thermal insulation. The less insulation layer will be needed. For most insulation materials it is in the range = 0.025 - 0.18 W/(m K). As you can see, the spread is very large - 10 times. This means that the insulation materials themselves are very diverse.
Volumetric weight - kg/m3. An important indicator when determining the load of structures. It can vary within very large ranges of 20 - 300 kg/m3. Insulation materials sometimes include foam concrete and expanded clay, with a volumetric weight of 600 kg/m3.
Flammability - you can focus on the descriptive characteristic Flammability class - determined by the assigned index G1-G4.
Water absorption is determined as a percentage of the mass or volume of dry insulation. An important indicator, since water absorption significantly reduces the thermal insulation properties of the insulation itself.
Sorptive humidity determines the ability to absorb moisture from the air. An important indicator that determines how much the characteristics can change when air is humidified.
Vapor barrier properties are also an important indicator. Hydro-steam insulators retain moisture in the room, but, at the same time, can isolate the room from the source of humidity.
Sound insulation - often given in a descriptive form - a good sound insulator or a mediocre one.
Environmental friendliness is a conditional indicator; a description of possible environmental threats is usually given.
Durability, years. For many insulation materials, the durability has not been precisely established, since their use period has not expired.
Air permeability - plays a role only for cotton and bulk insulation. Convection heat leaks directly depend on it when air moves through the insulation. Cotton insulation with high breathability (density up to 80 kg/m3) requires the use of windproof membrane under the ventilation gap.

Other characteristics may be used to describe insulation materials, depending on the physical characteristics of the material itself. Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of the most popular insulation materials, as well as the features of their application.

Styrofoam

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.036 - 0.04 W/(m K).
Density - 15 - 35 kg/m3.
Water absorption is low, 1% wt.
Ultimate compressive strength - 0.07 - 0.23 MPa.
Sorption humidity - 1.0% wt.
Flammability – with fire retardant additives, it maintains combustion for no more than 3 seconds and releases deadly poisons.
Durability - 5 - 15 years.
Price - low

Polystyrene foam is the cheapest and most popular material for insulating houses and apartments. Most often, external walls are insulated with polystyrene foam using technology wet facade. But it can be used in other most different places, for example, for roof insulation. It cannot be in direct contact with water, as it gradually absorbs it and loses its properties. It is always preferable to use denser versions of foam plastic 25 -35 kg/m3, as they are more durable and more resistant to external influences.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.03 - 0.035 W/(m K).
Density - 35 - 52 kg/m3.
Water absorption is the lowest, no more than 0.4% of the volume.
Compressive strength - 0.15 - 0.20 or more MPa.
Sorption humidity - 0.1 - 0.3% wt.
Flammability - burns only when exposed to flame, releases deadly poisons.
Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.005 mg/(mchPa).
Sound insulation is average.
Durability - 15 - 35 years.
The price is average.

Minimal water absorption and vapor permeability makes it possible to use the material in contact with water and soil, without changing its properties over time. Also, extruded polystyrene foam has increased areal compressive strength. This makes it possible to use it directly under screeds and other coverings, and denser versions also where a car may be hit. It is used under screeds, in underfloor heating systems, for insulating foundations, pipelines, cellars, and roofs.

Spray polyurethane foam

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.02 - 0.032 W/(m K).
Density - 20 - 200 kg/m3.
Water absorption is the lowest, 1.0 - 2.0% of the volume.
Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.05 mg/(mchPa).
Compressive strength - 0.15 - 1.0 MPa.
Flammability - with additives it burns only when exposed to flame, releasing deadly poisons.
Sound insulation is mediocre.
Environmental friendliness is questionable, satisfactory.
Durability - 15 - 50 years.
The price is average.

Durability depends on insulation from ultraviolet rays (daylight). Water resistance qualities similar to polystyrene foam make the scope of application similar. But polyurethane foam can also be used in places with difficult access, in enclosed spaces, for thermal insulation of structures complex shape. The material is made from components at the work site and bonds well to any surface. Options with high density have greater mechanical strength.

Foam glass

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.048 - 0.059 W/(m K).
Vapor permeability coefficient — —— mg/(mchPa).
Density - 15 - 32 kg/m3.
Ultimate compressive strength - 0.7 - 1.3 MPa.
Sorption humidity - 0.2 - 0.5% wt.
Water absorption is the lowest.
Vapor transmission capacity is the lowest, 0.001 - 0.006 mg/(mchPa)
Sound insulation is good.
Environmental friendliness – satisfactory, good.
Durability – 30 years or more.
The price is high.

The most resistant and durable material. Originally developed for military purposes and for nuclear power. Can replace anyone vapor barrier insulation and be used in any conditions.

Mineral wool

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.040 - 0.048 W/(m K).
Density - 50 - 300 kg/m3.
Compressibility - 20 - 50%
Water absorption is high, absolute. For high density mat -16-20%.
Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.3-0.6 mg/(mhPa).
The compressive strength of high-density mats is 0.1 MPa or more.
Sound insulation is excellent.
Environmental friendliness is in doubt.
Durability - 15 - 30 years.
Price – average
Air permeability is high at low densities of insulation (up to 80 kg/m3). Protection against heat transfer by air in the form of a membrane is required.

The antipode of vapor barriers - it perfectly absorbs water and allows steam to pass through, so it is not permissible to use it in contact with water or when high humidity. Main area of application - internal insulation floors on joists above concrete base. Insulation of walls from the outside, using the “ventilated facade” technology with mandatory complete waterproofing. Insulation of roofs (“ventilated roofing”) with the creation of a ventilation counter-lattice. Inside the interior partitions, according to interfloor ceilings as a sound insulator, but only on condition that it is reliably hermetically sealed from the living space, into which microparticles are not allowed to enter mineral wool(glass wool).

Fiberglass

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.04 - 0.1 W/(m K).
Density - 10 - 30 kg/m3.
Compressibility – up to 90%.
Water absorption is high, absolute.
Vapor permeability is high.
Sound insulation is excellent.
Environmental friendliness - use outside a sealed volume is not allowed.
Durability - up to 30 years.
Air permeability - high
The price is low.

Pure fiberglass is highly compressible, so its performance will depend on how it is installed. Complete waterproofing is required, as well as isolation of the fiber from the environment, since it emits harmful micro-dust.

Expanded clay

Bulk density - 250 - 800 kg/m3
Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.07 - 0.15 W/(m K).
Compressive strength - 1.0 - 5.5 MPa.
Flammability - absolutely non-flammable, does not emit toxic gases.
Water absorption is high.
Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.3 mg/(mchPa).
Sound insulation is good.
Environmental friendliness is excellent.
Durability - 30 or more.
The price is low.

Expanded clay with a density of 350 - 600 with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.1-0.14 is more often used. Used for backfilling underground spaces, attics, pipelines in boxes, etc. layer 30 - 40 cm and for making light, warm screeds.

Cork sheet

Thermal conductivity coefficient =0.04 – 0.06 W/(m K))
Density - 200 kg/m3.
Deformation modulus of elasticity 2000 – 2500 kgf/cm2.
Flammability - flammable, does not emit toxic gases.
Water absorption is high.
Sound insulation is good.
Durability - 30 or more.
The price is high.

You can use cork to insulate floors, or you can make it from sheet processed cork. flooring. The material can withstand enormous compressive loads without permanent deformation. It can also be used anywhere inside the building, without contact with water.

Cellulose cotton wool

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.035 – 0.045 W/(m K).
Compressibility – up to 90%.
Water absorption is high.
Vapor permeability coefficient - 0.5 mg/(mchPa).
Sound insulation is good.
Environmental friendliness is satisfactory.
The price is low.

If cotton wool is made from wood (recycled paper) without adding any binders, then it is also called eco-wool. Usually insulated ceilings or underground with a layer of 15 - 20 cm with preliminary complete waterproofing.

Straw bales

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.05 – 0.075 W/(m K).
Density 100 – 150 kg/m3.
Flammability - flammable, does not emit toxic gases, treatment with fire retardants is desirable.
Water absorption is high.
Vapor permeability is high.
Sound insulation is good.
Environmental friendliness is satisfactory.
The price is low.

Wheat, rye, barley, oats... - everything can be used to make excellent insulation. All that is needed is treatment against decomposition and fire retardants. A layer of such insulation of 30 - 40 cm is classic insulation proven over centuries... it will make the house very warm. Water ingress is not allowed. But plastering is possible.

Warm plaster, warm paint

Thermal conductivity coefficient = 0.07 W/(m K) or more.
Environmental friendliness is in doubt;
Price – medium to high.

A wide variety of compositions based on cement or resins, with the inclusion of particles of heat insulators, substances that reflect IR radiation, or form a porous heat-insulating surface.
Designed for slight under-insulation of a variety of surfaces.
They are applied in a thin layer - up to 3 cm, even with layer reinforcement.
Such compositions are often credited with “miraculous” qualities that mislead consumers.

Specifications for specific products may differ from those shown above. Information for calculations must be taken from Technical Conditions manufacturer of a specific material.

The characteristics of materials and insulation materials may change over time (usually change). More often this occurs due to changes in the properties of the substance itself during evaporation of components, changes chemical formulas(decomposition of substances)…

In order to prevent rapid changes in the properties of thermal insulators under the influence of external factors, materials in structures must be fenced appropriately.

It provides protection from direct sunlight, exposure to steam and precipitation, mechanical stress, and is protected from rodents...