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For systems gas fire extinguishing seamless ones are used steel pipes(GOST 8732-78) size 22X3; 28X2.5; 34X5; 36X3.5; 40X5 and 50X5 mm.
For water and foam installations automatic fire extinguishing used in power plants different kinds pipes: electric-welded, cold-drawn from carbon steel with an outer diameter of 76 mm and a wall thickness of up to 3 mm, galvanized water and gas pipes with a diameter of up to 150 mm and a wall thickness of up to 5.5 mm (GOST 3262-75); hot-rolled seamless with an outer diameter from 45 to 325 mm and a wall thickness from 2.5 to 10 mm. The most common pipe range is: 45X2.5; 76X3.5; 108X4; 159X4.5; 219X7; 273X8 and 325X8 mm.
Rice. 16. Pipeline fittings.
a - bent bend; b - steeply bent bend; c - welded outlet; g - equal-bore seamless tee; d - welded equal tee; e - transition tee; g - concentric stamped transition; h - welded transition; and - eccentric transition; k - stamped welded bottom; l - welded plug.
Distribution pipelines are laid in cable tunnels and mezzanines, filled with fire-extinguishing liquid (foaming agent solution or water) only while the installation is operating. They are usually called dry pipes. These sections of pipelines are most susceptible to corrosion. Typically, dry pipe projects involve the use of galvanized pipes.
The manufacture and installation of pipelines requires a large number of shaped parts designed to change the direction of flow (bends) or the diameter of the pipeline (transitions), install branches (tees or tee joints) and to close the free ends of pipelines (plugs or bottoms).
Pipeline fittings (Fig. 16) are standardized and manufactured in specialized factories. Diameters of nominal diameter Dy, mm, for various parts are given below.
Bends:
bent from pipes at an angle of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90°. . 20-300
seamless, steeply curved at an angle of 45, 60 and 90°. 40-300
Tees:
equal bore seamless 40-300
welded through passage 40-300
transitional seamless 4L--300
welded . . 40-300
Transitions:
concentric stamped seamless. . . 15-300
concentric welded 160-300
Stamped bottoms and plugs 40-300
Bent bends are made from seamless and electric-welded pipes on pipe bending machines in a cold state. Such outlets are installed in foam generators and sprinklers on dry pipe mains. To reduce wall deformation, bent elbows are manufactured with a bending radius of at least 3-4 pipe diameters. Steeply bent seamless bends have a radius of curvature equal to 1-1.5 nominal diameters; their dimensions and weight are small. Such bends are convenient to use in cable rooms with limited dimensions.
Welded sectional bends from seamless and electric-welded pipes can be manufactured in a workshop or on the installation site. They are cut from pipes according to a template using autogenous or propane-oxygen cutting, followed by assembly and welding. The template for making bends is shown in Fig. 1-7, its dimensions for a sector with an apex angle of 30° are given in table. 5.
Outside diameter pipes, mm |
template dimensions, mm |
|||||
Rice. 17. Template for cutting the outlet sector.
Rice. 18. Marking a template for cutting tees and inserts.
When installing fire extinguishing lines, tees and tie-ins are used, with the help of which pipelines are branched. In installation practice, the use of tees is limited to the installation of piping of control units. On distribution pipelines when installing sprinklers or foam generators in protected areas, the pipes are connected by tapping. The marking of the template for making a welded tee or insert is given in Fig. 18.
Unlike welded ones, seamless tees are more durable and, with less weight, require less labor during installation. 
Rice. 19. Marking a template for cutting an eccentric transition.
Many transitions are installed on dry pipe mains, since these mains are made in stages from pipes of different diameters, gradually decreasing depending on the number of sprinklers installed. The use of eccentric transitions makes it possible to avoid the accumulation of residues of the foaming product and water in the pipes after the end of the installation (these accumulations contribute to corrosion of the pipes in certain areas). The marking of the template for cutting a one-sided cone-shaped transition is shown in Fig. 19.
Nominal diameter Dy |
Outer diameter DH |
Thickness of weld and |
Thickness of welded plug St |
Weight, kg |
|
Plugs and welded bottoms for fire extinguishing installations, designed for a nominal pressure py of not more than 2.5 MPa (25 kgf/cm2), depending on the diameter of the pipes, can be selected or manufactured according to the data in Table. 7, 8. Beaded welded bottoms are produced by drawing in stamps. In the absence of finished products, plugs can be cut from rolled sheets and then turned into lathe to the required size. For pipelines for pressures up to 1 MPa (10 kgf/cm 2), the dimensions of the plugs (see Fig. 16) are given in table. 6, and the bottoms (standard MSN 120-69/MMSS USSR) - table. 7.
Table 7 
Welded plugs and flanges for pipes with nominal pipe diameter Dy up to 100 mm are manufactured in round or square shape. Square plugs and flanges are more economical because they require less labor and materials to produce. In pipelines designed for pressure Dу up to 2.5 MPa (25 kgf/cm2), flanges with a smooth surface are used.
Fasteners for flanged connections of pipes, fittings and for fastening pipelines to support structures Bolts and nuts with hexagonal heads are used (Table 8). The length of the bolts must be chosen so that after tightening their ends protrude no more than 5 mm.
Cardboard 2 mm thick (GOST 9347-74) or technical rubber (GOST 7338-77*) is used as gaskets for flange connections in fire extinguishing installations.
Supports and hangers for fastening horizontal and vertical pipelines to building structures are divided into fixed, movable and suspended. Based on the method of attaching pipes to supports, a distinction is made between welded and clamp fastenings.
Fixed supports must hold the pipe and prevent it from moving relative to the supporting structures. Such supports absorb loads from the weight of the pipeline, horizontal loads from thermal deformations and loads from the friction forces of movable supports. The structures of the supports are shown in Fig. 20. Movable supports must support the pipeline and ensure its movement under the influence of temperature deformations. The most common supports in fire extinguishing installations are those shown in Fig. 20, c, f. Suspended supports are used to attach horizontal pipeline lines to ceilings or building structures. 
Rice. 20. Design of supports and suspensions.
a - fixed welded; b - fixed single clamp; c - movable welded clamp; g - movable clamp; d - suspended with one rod; e - pipe suspension on a clamp.
Product |
Tube diameter, mm |
Number of pipes |
Distance from the wall to the center of the pipe, mm |
||
bracket |
|||||
The hangers are attached to building floors and brackets using rods with bolts and welded eyes. The number of rods and type of suspension must correspond to the design, and the length is specified locally.
The simplest, most reliable and widely used fastening of pipes to supports and hangers is welded clamps made of round steel. This type of fastening makes it possible to significantly speed up the installation of pipe lines, since screwing nuts is eliminated, and axial and horizontal alignment of pipes is easily achieved.
To fasten gas fire extinguishing distribution pipes, standardized products are used (Table 9).
Electrically driven valves are used on main pipelines and control units of foam fire extinguishing installations. Depending on their purpose, pipeline fittings are divided into shut-off, control, safety and control.
Shut-off valves (taps, valves, gate valves) are used to periodically turn on and off individual sections of the pipeline. Some of the shut-off valves are controlled remotely. Control fittings (control valves and valves) are designed to change or maintain pressure, flow and level in pipelines.
Safety valves (safety, bypass and check valves) serves to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure build-up and to prevent the reverse flow of liquid or gas.
Control fittings (drain valves, level indicators) are used to check the presence of fire extinguishing medium and its level.
According to the connection method, the fittings are divided into coupling (threaded), flanged and welded. The fittings are ordered according to the project, supplied centrally and complete with flanges, gaskets and fasteners.
Connecting fire extinguishing equipment to pipelines.
The GVP-600 foam generator is connected to the main branches using a coupling installed on the pipeline. Connection tightness is ensured rubber gasket in the head. Foam sprinklers OPD are also used as devices for forming foam or spraying water. They are installed, for example, at power transformers and are attached to the bends with M40X2 couplings (normal OZMVN 274-63). The tight connection between the device and the pipeline is ensured by the presence of a conical thread in the deluge body.
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After external inspection, installed fire extinguishing pipelines are tested for strength and density. The test is carried out installation organization in the presence of the customer. An external inspection verifies that the installed pipelines comply with the design and that the quality of the work performed meets the technical specifications. The strength and density of installed pipelines are determined by hydraulic and pneumatic tests by creating a test pressure in them. The entire line is tested, from the station to the nozzles. Testing may be carried out in parts as agreed with the customer.
Before testing, joints, joints, welding points, fastenings are checked in order to detect defects: cracks, lack of fusion of welds, leaks, etc. Blowing with compressed air is carried out and checking the air outlet through all nozzles or openings, and, if necessary, flushing the pipelines.
Before testing begins, the pipelines are disconnected from the fire extinguishing installation, the nozzles are unscrewed and plugs are installed in their place.
Pipelines supplying test liquid or air from pumps, compressors, cylinders, etc. to the tested pipelines, are preliminarily tested with hydraulic pressure in assembled form With - shut-off valves and pressure gauges.
The test pressure p created in the pipelines must be equal to 1.25 pp (pp - operating pressure). The working pressure (pressure) of fire extinguishing agents in pipelines is, MPa (kgf/cm2): for foam generators 0.4-0.6 (4-6), water for sprinklers 0.2-0.6 (2-6) carbon dioxide (gas) - 7.5 (75), freon vapor 0.2-0.4 (2-4), nitrogen 15 (150).
The pressure increase during hydraulic testing of pipelines is carried out in stages: first stage 0.05-0.2 MPa (0.5-2 kgf/cm 2); the second - up to 0.5 pp; third - up to pp; fourth - to ri.
Hydraulic tests at intermediate stages of pressure rise must be held for 1-3 minutes, during which the pressure gauge indicates that there is no pressure drop in the pipelines.
The pipelines are maintained under test pressure for 5 minutes, then the pressure is smoothly reduced to operating pressure and a thorough inspection of the pipelines is carried out.
Gas pipelines are considered suitable for operation if, when the pp is held for 1 hour, the pressure drop is not more than 10% of the pp and no changes in shape, cracks or leaks are revealed during inspection.
Water and foam fire extinguishing pipelines are maintained under a pressure of 1.25 pp [but not less than pp+ +0.3 MPa (3 kgf/cm2)] for 10 minutes, then the pressure is gradually reduced to pp and a thorough inspection of all welded joints and adjacent areas is carried out them plots. The pipeline network is considered to have passed the hydraulic test if no signs of rupture or leakage are found welded joints and visible residual deformations.
Washing and hydraulic tests pipelines are carried out under conditions that exclude the risk of freezing.
At the end of the tests, the test liquid (water) is drained from the pipelines and, if necessary, purged with compressed air.
Tests for the tightness of pipeline connections with pneumatic pressure are permitted only after testing them for strength with hydraulic pressure. During pneumatic tests, air or inert gas is used as a test medium, the pressure in the pipeline rises to 0.2 MPa (2 kgf/cm2).
Pipelines are considered to have passed the density test if, when held under pressure for 24 hours, the pressure drop is not more than 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2) and no bulges, cracks or leaks are detected during inspection. To check for leaks, an aqueous foaming emulsion of soap compositions is used.
Elimination of defects in the pipeline during pneumatic tests, such as tapping pipes with a hammer, sealing joints, caulking seams, is dangerous and strictly prohibited.
Conducting hydraulic and pneumatic tests of pipelines is documented in acts (see appendices 1,2).
Security fire safety is a priority on site and in production. Automatic fire extinguishing installations – set various elements, the functional significance of which is associated with the elimination of the source of fire. One of the reliable types of fire extinguishing, which uses gas as a fire extinguishing agent, is gas fire extinguishing.
Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, including pipelines, sprinklers, pumps, are carried out in accordance with project documentation and work production projects.
Components of gas fire extinguishing installations and operating mechanism
The principle of operation of a gas fire extinguishing installation is associated with a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air associated with the entry of a fire extinguishing agent into the fire zone. At the same time, the toxic effect of gas on the environment is eliminated, damage is minimized to zero material assets. Gas fire extinguishing installations are a set of interconnected elements, the main of which are:
- modular elements with gas pumped inside cylinders;
- Switchgear;
- nozzles;
- pipelines.
Through the distribution device, the gas extinguishing agent is delivered to the pipeline. There are requirements for the installation and execution of pipelines.
According to GOST, high-alloy steel is used for the manufacture of pipelines, and these elements must be firmly fixed and grounded.
Pipeline testing
After installation, the pipelines are constituent elements Gas fire extinguishing installations are undergoing a number of testing studies. Stages of such tests:
- Visual external inspection (compliance of the installation of pipelines with the design documentation, technical specifications).
- Checking connections and fastenings for mechanical damage - cracks, loose seams. To check, the pipelines are injected with air, after which the release of air masses through the holes is monitored.
- Tests for reliability and density. These types of work include artificial creation pressure, while checking the elements, starting from the station and ending with the nozzles.
Before testing, the pipelines are disconnected from the gas fire extinguishing equipment, and plugs are placed in place of the nozzles. The test pressure values in the pipelines must be 1.25 pp (pp is the working pressure). The pipelines are subjected to test pressure for 5 minutes, after which the pressure drops to operating pressure and a visual inspection of the pipelines is carried out.
The pipelines have passed the test if the pressure drop when maintaining the operating pressure for one hour is not more than 10% of the operating pressure. Inspection should not show the appearance of mechanical damage.
After the tests have been carried out, liquid is drained from the pipelines and purged with air. The need for testing is beyond doubt; such a series of actions will prevent “failures” in the operation of equipment in the future.
In the pipework there is a two-phase flow of the gaseous fire extinguishing agent (liquefied and gaseous). For hydraulic balance, you must adhere to several rules:
- The length of the section after the bend or tee should be 5-10 nominal diameters.
- The orientation of the outlets from the tee must lie in the same horizontal plane.
- The use of crosses is unacceptable.
- The maximum distance of the nozzle from the gas fire extinguishing module is no more than 50-60 meters horizontally and no more than 20-25 meters in height.
- The volume of piping should not exceed 80% of the volume of the liquid phase of the GFFS.
Gas fire extinguishing pipeline color
A black pipe definitely needs anti-corrosion protection. There are two opinions on what color to paint the pipeline of gas fire extinguishing systems. The first thing to use is red as it is a fire fighting equipment. The second thing that needs to be painted yellow is the pipeline transporting gases. The standards allow painting in any color, but require alphabetic or numerical marking of the pipeline.
- Appendix A (recommended). Certificate of delivery and acceptance of the gas fire extinguishing installation into operation Appendix B (recommended). Certificate of fire testing of gas fire extinguishing installation Appendix B (recommended). Protocol for conducting autonomous tests of a gas fire extinguishing installation Appendix D (recommended). Pipeline strength testing report Appendix D (recommended). Report of testing of pipelines for leaks with determination of pressure drop during testing. Appendix E (informational). Bibliography
State standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 50969-96
"Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods"
(put into effect by Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation dated November 13, 1996 N 619)
With changes and additions from:
Automatic gas fire extinguishing systems. General technical requirements. Test methods
Introduced for the first time
1 area of use
This standard applies to centralized and modular automatic volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as installations) and establishes general technical requirements for installations and methods for their testing.
The requirements of this standard can also be used in the design, installation, testing and operation of local gas fire extinguishing installations.
3.6 fire extinguishing agent supply: The required quantity of fire extinguishing agent that is stored in order to restore the estimated quantity or reserve of fire extinguishing agent
3.10 modular gas fire extinguishing installation: An automatic fire extinguishing installation containing one or more gas fire extinguishing modules that are located in or near the protected space
3.14 duration of GFFS supply: Time from the moment of the start of release of GFFE from the nozzle into the protected room until the moment of release from the installation of 95% of the mass of GFFE required to create the standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected room
3.20 centralized gas fire extinguishing installation: Gas fire extinguishing installation, in which gas vessels, as well as distribution devices (if any), are located in the fire extinguishing station premises
4 General technical requirements
4.1 Development, acceptance, maintenance and operation of installations should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004, GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2.007.0, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 21128, GOST 21752, GOST 21753, SP 5.13130, Rules, , , , of this standard and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
4.2 Settings for design and placement categories in terms of impact climatic factors external environment must comply with GOST 15150 and operating conditions.
4.3 Equipment, products, materials, GFFS and gases for their displacement used in the installation must have a passport, documents certifying their quality, shelf life and comply with the conditions of use and the specifications of the installation project.
4.4 In installations, GFFS approved for use in accordance with the established procedure should be used.
4.5 Nitrogen should be used as a propellant gas, the technical characteristics of which correspond to GOST 9293. It is allowed to use air for which the dew point should not be higher than minus 40°C.
4.6 Vessels (vessels of various design, cylinders installed separately or in batteries, etc.) used in fire extinguishing installations must comply with the requirements of the Rules.
4.7 Installations must be provided with devices for monitoring the amount of GFFS and propellant gas pressure in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53281 and GOST R 53282.
Installations in which the GFFE is a compressed gas under operating conditions may only be provided with pressure control devices.
4.8 The composition of the installation, the placement of its elements and their interaction must comply with the requirements of the installation design and technical documentation for its elements.
4.9 Installations must provide inertia (without taking into account the delay time of the release of GFFS necessary for evacuating people, stopping process equipment, etc.) of no more than 15 s.
4.10 The duration of filing of GFFS must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
4.11 Installations must ensure that the concentration of GFFS in the volume of the protected premises is not lower than the standard one.
4.12 Filling of vessels with GFFS and propellant gas by weight (pressure) must comply with the requirements of the installation project and technical documentation for the vessels, GFFS, as well as their operating conditions. For cylinders of the same standard size in an installation, the calculated values for filling GFFS and propellant gas must be the same.
4.13 Centralized installations, in addition to the estimated amount of GFFS, must have a 100% reserve in accordance with SP 5.13130. There is no provision for a stock of GFFS in centralized installations.
4.14 Modular installations, in addition to the calculated amount of GFFS, must have a reserve in accordance with SP 5.13130. There is no provision for GFFS reserve in modular units. The GFFS stock should be stored in modules similar to the installation modules. The stock of GFFS must be prepared for installation in the installations.
4.15 The mass of GFFS in each vessel of the installation, including vessels with a reserve of GFFS in centralized installations and modules with a reserve of GFSF in modular installations, must be at least 95% of the calculated values, the pressure of the propellant gas (if any) - at least 90% of their calculated values values taking into account operating temperature.
It is allowed to control only the pressure of GFFS, which are compressed gases under operating conditions of the installations. In this case, the GFFS pressure must be at least 95% of the calculated values, taking into account the operating temperature.
Frequency and technical means control of the safety of GFFS and propellant gas must comply with the technical documentation for modules, batteries and fire-fighting isothermal tanks.
4.16 GFSF supply pipelines and their connections in installations must ensure strength at a pressure of no less than , and for incentive pipelines and their connections - no less than ( - maximum GFSF pressure in the vessel under operating conditions, - maximum gas (air) pressure in the incentive system).
4.17 Incentive pipelines and their connections in installations must ensure tightness at a pressure of at least .
4.18 Electrical controls of installations must provide:
a) automatic and manual remote start;
b) disabling and restoring automatic start;
c) automatic switching of power supply from the main source to the backup one when the voltage at the main source is turned off;
d) monitoring the serviceability (break, short circuit) of loops fire alarm And connecting lines;
e) serviceability monitoring (break) electrical circuits control of starting elements;
f) control of pressure in launch cylinders and incentive pipelines;
g) monitoring the serviceability of sound and light alarms (on call);
h) disabling the sound alarm;
i) generation and issuance of a command impulse to control technological and electrical equipment of the volume, ventilation, air conditioning, as well as fire warning devices.
4.19 Installations must ensure a delay in the release of GFFS into the protected premises during automatic and manual remote start for the time necessary to evacuate people from the premises, but not less than 10 s from the moment the evacuation warning devices are turned on in the premises.
Time for complete closing of dampers (valves) in air ducts ventilation systems in a protected room should not exceed the delay time for the release of GFFS into this room.
4.20 In the protected room, as well as in adjacent ones that have an exit only through the protected room, when the installation is triggered, light devices (light signal in the form of inscriptions on light boards “Gas - leave!” and “Gas - do not enter!”) and sound devices must be turned on. notifications in accordance with GOST 12.3.046, SP 5.13130 and GOST 12.4.009.
4.21 In a fire station or other room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, light and sound alarms must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
4.22 Centralized installations must be equipped with local starting devices. Starting elements of devices for local switching of installations, including distribution devices, must have signs indicating the names of the protected premises.
5.6 At the test site or repair work installations, warning signs “Caution! Other hazards” in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 and an explanatory inscription “Testing in progress!” must be installed, as well as instructions and safety rules must be posted.
5.7 Squibs used in installations as simulators during testing must be placed in assemblies that ensure the safety of their use.
5.8 During pneumatic testing of pipelines, tapping them is not allowed.
Pneumatic strength tests are not allowed for pipelines located in premises where there are people or equipment in them that could be damaged if the pipeline is destroyed.
5.9 The actions of personnel in rooms into which GFFS may flow when the units are activated must be specified in the safety instructions used at the facility.
5.10 Entering the protected premises after the release of GFFS until ventilation is completed is permitted only in insulating respiratory protection equipment.
5.11 Persons who have undergone special instructions and training must be allowed to work with the installation safe methods labor, testing knowledge of safety rules and instructions in accordance with the position held in relation to the work performed in accordance with GOST 12.0.004.
6 Security requirements environment
6.1 In terms of environmental protection, installations must meet the appropriate technical documentation requirements for fire extinguishing agents during operation, maintenance, testing and repair.
7 Completeness, marking and packaging
7.1 Requirements for the completeness, marking and packaging of elements included in the installations must be specified in the technical specifications for these elements.
8 Test procedure
8.2 During the testing period, measures must be taken to ensure fire safety protected object.
8.3 Testing of installations must be carried out by enterprises (organizations) operating the installations with the involvement, if necessary, of third-party organizations and documented in a report (Appendix A).
8.4 When accepting installations for operation, the installation and commissioning organization must present:
As-built documentation (a set of working drawings with changes made to them);
Passports or other documents certifying the quality of products, equipment and materials used during installation work.
8.5 Complex tests of the installation should be carried out:
Upon acceptance into service;
During operation, at least once every 5 years in accordance with RD 25.964 (except for tests according to 4.9-4.11).
Before acceptance into operation, the installation must be run-in in order to identify faults that could lead to false operation of the installation. The duration of the run-in is determined by the installation and commissioning organization, but not less than 3 days.
Run-in is carried out by connecting the starting circuits to simulators according to 9.5, which, in terms of electrical characteristics, correspond to the actuators (activators) of the installation. In this case, an automatic recording device must record all cases of fire alarm activation or automatic start-up control of the installation, followed by an analysis of their causes.
If there are no false alarms or other violations during the run-in, the installation is switched to automatic operation mode. If malfunctions continue during the run-in period, the installation must be re-adjusted and run-in.
8.6 Testing of installations to check the inertia, duration of GFFS supply and fire extinguishing concentration of GFFS in the volume of the protected premises (4.9-4.11) are not mandatory. The need for their experimental verification is determined by the customer or, in case of deviation from design standards affecting the parameters being tested, officials management bodies and departments of the State fire service in the implementation of state fire supervision.
9 Test methods
9.1 Tests are carried out at normal climatic conditions tests in accordance with GOST 15150, unless special conditions are specified in the test methodology.
9.2 In tests where requirements for the accuracy of measurement of a parameter specified in the form of a value with a one-sided limit (except for time parameters) are not specified, when choosing a measuring instrument in terms of accuracy class, they are guided by the following: the possible measurement error must be taken into account in the measured parameter in such a way that it increases the reliability of its determination.
For example, there is a requirement that the mass of the GFFS in the vessel must be at least 95 kg. When weighed on scales with an accuracy of kg, a weight of 96 kg was obtained. Taking into account the measurement error in the direction of increasing the reliability of the determination of the parameter, we obtain the test result - 94 kg. Conclusion: The installation for this test does not satisfy the specified requirement.
9.3 The relative error in measuring time parameters should not exceed 5%.
9.5 Testing for the interaction of installation elements (4.8) is carried out using compressed air instead of GFFS.
Vessels with GFFS are disconnected from the installation. Instead of them (vessels), simulators (electric fuses, lamps, recorders, squibs, etc.) and one or two vessels filled with compressed air to a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the vessels with GFFS at the test temperature are connected to the starting circuits of the installation. In installations with pneumatic starting, incentive pipelines and incentive-starting sections are also filled with compressed air to the appropriate operating pressure. Carry out automatic start installations. Here and below, automatic start-up of installations is carried out by triggering required quantity fire detectors or devices simulating them in accordance with the design documentation for the installation. Fire detectors should be triggered by an impact that simulates the corresponding fire factor.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the operation of the components and devices complies with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested and the design documentation for the installation.
The test results are documented in a protocol (Appendix B).
9.6 The inertia test (4.9) is carried out during automatic startup of the installation (9.5).
The time is measured from the moment the last fire detector is triggered until the start of the flammable liquid outflow from the nozzle, after which the supply of flammable liquid can be stopped.
Here and further, during testing, the moments of the beginning or end of the outflow of GFFS from the nozzle must be determined using thermocouples, pressure sensors, gas analyzers, audio-video recording of jets (liquefied GFSF) or other objective control methods.
It is allowed to use other inert gas or compressed air instead of GFFS, which when stored in a vessel are compressed gas. The gas pressure in the vessel must be equal to the gas pressure in the installation. It is allowed to use another model liquefied gas instead of GFFS, which when stored in a vessel are liquefied gas.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured time does not take into account the delay time for evacuation, shutdown of process equipment, etc. meets the requirements of 4.9.
9.7 A test to determine the duration of supply of GFFS (4.10), which during storage is a liquefied gas, is carried out as follows. The installation vessels are filled with 100% of the mass of fire extinguishing agent required to create the standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected area. The installation is started and the flammable fuel is supplied to the protected room. The time is measured from the moment the outflow from the nozzle begins to the end of the outflow of the liquid phase of the GFFS from the nozzle (9.6).
When testing an installation with GFFS, which during storage is a compressed gas, measure the time from the moment the GFSF begins to flow from the nozzle until the design pressure is reached in the installation (vessel, pipeline), corresponding to the release from the installation of 95% of the GFSF mass required to create a standard fire extinguishing agent. concentrations in the protected area.
It is possible to determine the duration of supply using model gas instead of GFFE. In this case, the duration of the feed is calculated based on the results of the experiment to determine bandwidth installation pipelines.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured supply time complies with the requirements of the current regulations.
9.8 Ensuring the standard fire extinguishing concentration of GFFS in the protected room (4.11) is checked by measuring the concentration of GFFS during cold tests or by extinguishing model fires during fire tests.
9.8.1 Concentration measurement points (model fires) are located at levels of 10, 50 and 90% of the room height. The number and location of concentration measurement points (model fires) at each level are determined by the test methodology. The locations of concentration measurement points (model fires) should not be located in the area of direct influence of flammable fuel jets supplied from nozzles.
9.8.3 In fire tests, model fires are used - containers with a flammable load, for which, as a rule, combustible materials characteristic of the protected premises are used. The amount of combustible material is determined by test methods; it must be sufficient to ensure a combustion duration of at least 10 minutes after the start of the supply of GFFS to the protected room. It is prohibited to fill containers with flammable materials that can create an explosive concentration in the room.) in the container is carried out by weighing on a scale or by calculation based on the results of measuring level, temperature, pressure.
The pressure of the flue gas and the propellant gas in the vessel is checked with a pressure gauge.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the mass (pressure) of the GFFS and the propellant gas in the vessels corresponds to 4.15.
9.10 Strength testing of installation pipelines and their connections (4.16) is carried out as follows.
Before testing, pipelines are subjected to external inspection. Water is usually used as the test liquid. Pipelines supplying liquid must be pre-tested. Instead of nozzles, except for the last one on the distribution pipeline, plugs are screwed in. The pipelines are filled with liquid and then a plug is installed in place of the last nozzle.
When carrying out the test, the pressure increase should be carried out in stages:
first stage - 0.05 MPa;
second stage - ();
third stage - ();
fourth stage - ().
At intermediate stages of pressure rise, a hold is made for 1-3 minutes, during which the absence of a pressure drop in the pipes is determined using a pressure gauge or other device. The pressure gauge must be at least class 2 accuracy.
The pipelines are kept under pressure () for 5 minutes. Then the pressure is reduced to () and an inspection is performed. At the end of the tests, the liquid is drained and the pipelines are purged with compressed air.
It is allowed to use compressed inert gas or air instead of the test liquid, subject to compliance with safety requirements.
Pipelines are considered to have passed the test if no pressure drop is detected and inspection reveals no bulges, cracks, leaks, or fogging. The tests are documented in a document (Appendix D).
9.11 The tightness test of the incentive pipelines of the installation (4.17) is carried out after checking them for strength (9.10).
Air or inert gas is used as the test gas. A pressure equal to . is created in the pipelines.
The pipelines are considered to have passed the test if there is no pressure drop of more than 10% within 24 hours and no bulges, cracks or leaks are detected during inspection. To identify defects when inspecting pipelines, it is recommended to use foaming solutions. Pressure should be measured with a pressure gauge of at least class 2 accuracy.
Leak tests are documented in a document (Appendix E).
9.12 Checking the automatic and manual remote start of the installation (4.18, item a) is carried out without releasing the GFFS from the installation. Vessels with GFFS are disconnected from the starting circuits and simulators are connected (9.5). The installation is automatically and remotely started alternately.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if, during automatic and remote start of the installation, all simulators in the starting circuits were triggered.
9.13 Checking the shutdown and restoration of the automatic start of the installation (4.18, item b) is carried out by influencing the shutdown devices (for example, by opening the door to the room or for installations with pneumatic start, switching the corresponding device on the incentive pipeline) and restoring the automatic start.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the automatic start is switched off and restored and is triggered light alarm in accordance with technical documentation for the equipment being tested.
9.14 Checking the automatic switching of power supply from the main source to the backup one (4.18, listing c) is carried out in two stages.
At the first stage, when the installation is operating in standby mode, the main power source is turned off. Light and sound alarms must be triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested. Connect the main power source.
At the second stage, tests are carried out in accordance with 9.12. During the period from the moment the automatic or remote start is turned on until the installation issues starting pulses on the simulators, the main power source is turned off.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if, at the first stage, light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested, and at the second stage, all simulators in the starting circuit are triggered.
9.15 Testing of means for monitoring the serviceability of fire alarm loops and connecting lines (4.18, item d) is carried out by alternately opening and short circuit loops and lines.
9.16 Testing of means for monitoring the health of electrical control circuits of starting elements (4.18, item e) is carried out by opening the starting circuit.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested.
9.17 Testing of air pressure control devices in the launch cylinders and the incentive pipeline of the installation (4.18, item e) is carried out by reducing the pressure in the incentive pipeline by 0.05 MPa and in the launch cylinders by 0.2 MPa from the calculated values.
It is possible to simulate a drop in air pressure by closing the contacts of an electrical contact pressure gauge or in another way.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested.
9.18 Testing of means of monitoring the serviceability of light and sound alarms (4.18, item g) is performed by turning on the light and sound alarm calling devices.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested.
9.19 Testing the means of turning off the sound alarm (4.18 item h) is performed as follows. After the sound alarm is triggered (for example, during checks according to 9.13 -9.17), turn on the device to turn off the sound alarm.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the sound alarm is turned off and, in the absence of automatic restoration of the sound alarm, the light alarm is activated in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment being tested.
9.20 Testing of means for generating a command pulse (4.18, enumeration and) is performed without releasing the GFFS from the installation. Vessels with GFFE are disconnected from the starting circuits.
A control device is connected to the output terminals of the element that generates the command pulse technological equipment or measuring device. The device for measuring command pulse parameters is selected in accordance with technical characteristics of the equipment being tested and are indicated in the test procedure. Perform automatic or remote start of the installation.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the device for controlling the process equipment is activated or the command pulse is registered by the measuring device.
9.21 Checking the delay time (4.19) and turning on the warning devices (4.20) is carried out without releasing the GFFS during automatic and remote start of the installation. Instead of vessels with GFFS, simulators (9.5) are connected to the starting circuits of the installation.
After starting up the installation in the protected room, as well as in adjacent ones that have an exit only through the protected room, control the switching on of light warning devices (a light signal in the form of an inscription on the light boards “Gas - go away!”) and sound warning. The time is measured from the moment the warning devices are turned on until the simulators installed in the starting circuits of the installation are triggered.
Then check the activation of the light warning device (light signal in the form of an inscription on the light board “Gas - do not enter!”) in front of the protected room.
The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured time corresponds to the delay time required in 4.19 and the warning devices are activated in accordance with 4.20.
10 Transportation and storage
Requirements for transportation and storage of elements included in the installations must be specified in the technical specifications for these elements.
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* Installations developed or reconstructed after the entry into force of this standard.
** Test methods are intended to test installations in which newly developed equipment, substances, products, and materials are used.
