How to determine the fire hazard class. Structural fire hazard class of the building

How to define a class fire danger specific building? SNiP 21-01-97 contains requirements for fire safety buildings and structures various types and appointments. Premises are segregated based on how they are used and the risk of threat to the health and safety of the people occupying them.

So, for example, there is a high danger for people when an emergency occurs in a nursing home: the residents are often in a helpless state, it is important to quickly evacuate them outside in the event of a fire. High requirements fire safety requirements apply to hospitals, kindergartens, office and shopping centers and so on. The fire hazard class is established in the project declaration for the facility.

There are 5 fire hazard classes:

• TO class F1 include buildings in which people constantly stay: hotels, kindergartens, dormitories, hospitals, nursing homes.
• Class F2: premises where public events are held (theatres, cinemas, sport complexes, concert halls, museums, etc.).
• Class F3- places where the population is served: shops, restaurants and cafes, clinics, banks, post office, etc.
• F4- building educational institutions, government agencies, fire stations, archives, warehouses, etc.

Production workshops and warehouses, if they are located in buildings F1-F4, belong to category F5. For example, a warehouse in a nursing home (F1) belongs to F5. Each class of buildings has its own requirements for equipping buildings. Thus, kindergartens, schools, hospitals must be equipped with two escape routes, and a fire door must be installed in each of the evacuation openings.

Structural fire hazard classes

How to determine the class of structural fire hazard for a building and structure? This classification is also in SNiP 21-01-97. There are only 4 classes: C0, C1, C2, C3. They are determined by the type of walls, ceilings, partitions, flights of stairs and columns. Thus, in class C0 premises, all walls and other elements are made of non-combustible materials. In case of fire they will not emit harmful substances and will not ignite. C1 buildings use low-combustible materials. In C2 buildings they are used flammable materials. No to premises C4 special requirements are not presented.

Fire hazard class building materials and designs:

• K0, K1, K2, K3 - respectively, non-fire hazardous, low, moderate and fire hazardous. For buildings of class C0, non-combustible materials K0 are used.
• In C1 buildings, low-flammable materials K1 are used for load-bearing walls and partitions; non-flammable K0 - for floors and fire barriers, moderately flammable K2 - for external walls. For a complete table of class correlations please see building codes and rules.

Fire danger category

The technical regulations on fire safety identify 5 hazard categories for industrial and industrial buildings. technical purposes(class F5). These are categories A, B, C, D and D - increased explosion hazard, explosive buildings, fire hazardous buildings and premises, moderate fire hazard and, finally, buildings with reduced fire hazard. For buildings of classes F1-F4, categories are not established. The fire hazard category is determined by the layout of the room, the substances contained in it and the features of the production process.

Fire resistant doors from the manufacturer

For buildings of different fire hazard classes, you can purchase fire doors from the manufacturer "Doors Tor". All doors have a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes. They will provide premises reliable protection from the penetration of smoke and fire. The products are made of high quality steel and are provided with all necessary fittings. The doors are filled with high-density IZOBEL basalt board, which has low thermal conductivity. The material is durable and safe.

The structures are equipped with thermoactive tape, anti-smoke seal and fire-resistant lock. Certificates have been issued for the products. Installation of fire doors is also possible by the company. The company has a license for this type of work. Thus, the order and installation of doors complies with all legal requirements.

Determination of the main factors allowed by standards that influence the maximum permissible standard fire hazard class of a building.

These factors are determined by specialized and industry SNiPs depending on the purpose of the buildings. This determines:

classification by functional fire hazard;

building height (permissible);

required degree of fire resistance;

permissible number of storeys of the building;

permissible maximum area of ​​the fire compartment;

Data on acceptable factors are presented in the form of a table indicating supporting documents.

Table 7

If any factor specified in the table of the CP assignment does not correspond, the student justifies the proposed optimal option for changing the inappropriate factor by pointing to a specific point in the normative document and draws it up as a note to the table.

The actual structural fire hazard class of the building.

The actual structural fire hazard class of a building is determined by the degree of participation building structures in the development of a fire. It is determined according to Table 5 of SNiP depending on the actual values ​​of the fire hazard indicator of the building structures from which the building is manufactured.

An indicator of the fire hazard of a building structure is the fire hazard class of the building structure.

The maximum permissible (normative) fire hazard class of a building structure is regulated by Table 5 of SNiP (Table 4.1.) - depending on:

purpose of the design;

type of design;

maximum permissible (normative) class of structural fire hazard of a building.

The sequence of checking the compliance of the numerical values ​​of the actual indicators of fire danger, fire resistance of building structures in the building as a whole with the fire safety requirements of SNiP is as follows:

determine Q tr and C d of the building to the industry (specialized) chapter of SNiP;

determine P tr and K d for the main building structures of the building according to Table 1 of SNiP 21-01-97 * depending on Q tr and C d;

determine P f using the reference manual ( Technical information GUGPS - “To help the GPN inspector.”) comparing with the data from the assignment at the command post;

determine S f according to the Technical Information of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate - “To help the inspector of the State Fire Service.”;

check compliance with fire safety conditions

P f ≥ P tr and K f ≤ K d;

make a conclusion about the compliance of the structures with the requirements in terms of fire resistance and fire hazard (for a building with a given Qtr).

If at least one of the building structures being tested has a fire resistance indicator P f and K f that do not correspond to SNiP for a given degree of fire resistance of the building, then the safety condition is not met, i.e.

Q f< Q тр и С д < С ф.

The results of checking the compliance of indicators must be recorded in the form of a table.

Results of checking the compliance of fire resistance and fire hazard indicators of the main building structures with the fire safety requirements of SNiP

Table 8

Using the resulting table, it is necessary to determine to what maximum permissible degree of fire resistance of a building (or in a building of what maximum permissible class of structural fire hazard) each of the main building structures can be used, compiling the numerical values ​​of their actual fire resistance indicators P f (or fire hazard K f) with data from Table 4(5) SNIP 21-01-97 * starting with fire resistance degree I (or fire hazard class of the building - C0 and lower).

Comparing the results, we determine the minimum degree of fire resistance of the building (the minimum fire hazard class of the building), corresponding to the least fire-resistant building structure (the highest fire-resistant building structure).

The resulting degree of fire resistance will be actual for the analyzed building - Q f.

The resulting structural fire hazard class will be actual for the building - C f.

Conclusion: based on the results of the examination for compliance with the standards of building structures of the design building and taking into account the fire hazard of the building and its functional purpose, the actual class of structural fire hazard of the building is C f = C l (or if it is not suitable for some design, it is necessary to propose engineering measures to bring it into correspondence).

A fire is a natural disaster, the consequences of which can be very dire. For each building or structure, its own set of fire safety measures is developed, which makes it possible to reduce the consequences of a fire to a minimum. To determine the fire hazard of a building, a certain classification has been adopted. A building is classified into one category or another based on a combination of various criteria. One of these criteria is the structural fire hazard class.

Structural hazard values ​​of a building: evaluation criteria, classification

Any fire-technical classification buildings or structures should be carried out taking into account such criteria as the degree of fire resistance of structures and fire compartments, structural and functional fire hazard.

Structural fire hazard class (SF) is a criterion by which the degree of participation of a particular building structure in the spread of fire and the formation of life-threatening consequences is assessed.

In descending order of safety, the structural software classes of structures can be designated C0, C1, C2, C3. Accordingly class C0 is the safest, the structures for which are made of non-combustible materials. In the event of a fire, such materials do not smolder and do not provoke the creation thermal effect. In classes C1, C2, the use of low-flammable materials is allowed. For class C3 there are no specific requirements for the use of materials in construction, with the exception of stairwells, walls, fire barriers.

Building structures software

The main elements of the building are:

• load-bearing elements;
• external walls;
• internal partitions;
• walls on landings;
• the staircases themselves.

The class of a building's structural software is determined by the totality of the fire hazard values ​​of all of the above structures. In accordance with GOST 30403, there are four classes of fire hazard of building structures:

• K0 - non-fire hazardous (damage to vertical and horizontal structures is allowed);
• K1 - low fire hazard, with a tolerance for damage to structures up to 40 cm of vertical and up to 25 cm of horizontal structures);
• K2 - moderate fire hazard (damage > 40 and< 80 вертикальных и >25 horizontal structures);
• K3 - fire hazardous (no approvals).

When determining membership in a particular class, they are guided by Technical regulations on fire safety requirements (Articles 28, 31). The structural fire hazard class of the entire building is determined after the classification of all building structures. Any class of structural fire hazard is determined in strict accordance with the software class of structures. A number of conditions are taken into account:

• number of storeys of the building;
• functional fire hazard indicator;
• building area;
• building classification;
• distance to nearby buildings.

When determining whether they belong to a particular class, they are guided by the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements (Articles 28, 31). The structural fire hazard class of a building is determined after the classification of all building structures.

When determining the fire hazard class of structures, the thermal effect, combustion of gases or materials, fire hazardous properties materials, degree of damage due to combustion.

In accordance with the class of software, materials are selected for the construction of individual buildings and structures - first of all, the life and safety of people depend on this. Any building or structure has a certain degree of fire hazard; its significance depends on the presence of varying amounts of flammable substances inside the premises.

To ensure fire safety in the building, to avoid serious negative consequences in the event of a fire, it is necessary to ensure fire protection. In addition, it is necessary to correctly classify the building, taking into account the specific conditions of the premises.