Today there are many species vacuum pumps, which differ from each other in the specifics of their work, although they have general principle actions. They are used both for domestic needs and in large enterprises for very serious work.
There are devices for milking cows (vacuum pump UVD 10), laboratory units, an electric vacuum apparatus, etc. The scope of application of these types is clear and to the common man, but the principle of operation of a vacuum pump, unfortunately, is much more complicated.
1 Application area
The invention of such devices makes it possible to cope with a variety of tasks that require human intervention.
The vacuum pump and container are used in the industrial field and with their help they solve many problems:
- nature protection (cleaning containers);
- printing (preparation and copying of drawings using the 2NVR device);
- food production (meat processing, milking cows UVD 10,000 with a vacuum pump, apparatus 461M, a set of vacuum containers with a pump for packaging, lids with a pump for cans, etc.);
- medicine (medical vacuum device for breathing apparatus, mini-tubes in dentistry that use the HVM 5 device);
- production of glass and ceramic products, where containers 2NVR and 5DM are most often used;
- woodworking industry, where 2HBP and vacuum containers, and for drying wood it would be excellent to install a vacuum pump VVN 1 075.
1.1 Features of the devices
Each vacuum system has its own advantages due to its operating principle and some features.
For example, a vacuum pump for water is durable and can be used at maximum high temperatures. It is mainly used for pumping steam, gas and air. highly in demand in industrial work. There are three types of water unit for creating a vacuum:
- single-stage with one chamber;
- single-stage with two chambers;
- two-stage with two chambers.
A screw vacuum pump has its advantages: it does not consume oil during operation and can do without installing a capacitor. This oil-free device significantly saves energy consumption.
1.2 Operating principle of the vacuum pump
The operating principle of this device is based on the following tasks: it must create a decrease in pressure in a closed working space and do this in a certain time.
To prevent gas leaks through the gaps of parts, used for vacuum pumps. Using this oil, the gaps are sealed, which allows them to be completely closed. From this it follows that pumping systems that use vacuum oil are called oil-based. And devices where such oil is not used are called dry. If you have to choose between these devices, then the most the best option there will be a choice of a dry apparatus, because it does not need to be maintained.
1.3 How does a vacuum pump work? (video)
1.4 Types and differences
Depending on the pressure range within which the maximum performance of the vacuum pump can be achieved, devices are divided into three types:
- fore-vacuum pump;
- high vacuum;
- booster (intermediate vacuum).
1.5 Forevacuum apparatus
Forevacuum pumps are devices for preliminary vacuum. They are used to ensure operation under high vacuum conditions. Forevacuum pumps save excellent energy, which is an excellent advantage over their counterparts . Rotary-plate devices are used as such a unit.(one of the cheapest 2NVR 5DM), as well as a steam-oil apparatus, turbomolecular vacuum pumps, etc.
1.6 High vacuum pumps
These devices are not connected directly to the system, but through communications. It is recommended to install dampers between the device and the system itself, as they allow you to disconnect the device from the system. Together with the dampers, traps are installed to cool and capture the vapor of the working medium that enters the system from the apparatus.
2 Hand vacuum pump
You can make such a device yourself using a regular one. The syringe is an excellent pump that is quite cheap and can be purchased at any pharmacy.
3 Common models
3.1 Becker
Becker vacuum devices have proven themselves to be excellent in pumping gases, air, production emissions, as well as in industrial sectors. For example, an oil-free rotary vane is designed to create a clean, dry vacuum and pump air that is free of foreign particles.
3.2 Bosch
The Bosch vacuum pump is installed in passenger diesel and light commercial vehicles. It creates a vacuum in the brake system and in the turbocharger system.
3.3 Rietschle
German plant Elmo Rietschle offers a wide range of Rietschle vacuum pumps:
- centrifugal pump production;
- vortex;
- water ring;
- vane-rotor;
- cam;
- screw.
Products German company different high quality production, which has been proven over decades of impeccable work.
3.4 AVZ 180
Manufacturer of the vacuum pump AVZ 180 – Ukraine. It works with non-flammable gas without moisture and abrasive. I use this device for medical purposes, agriculture, in metal production, etc. Sometimes this device is installed as a fore-vacuum device for a Roots pump.
3.5 AVZ 20D
The AVZ 20D spool valve is used for pumping out air and a vapor-gas mixture, previously cleared of small particles. The temperature of the working environment AVZ 20D is 10-35˚С. The device is not used for pumping a working medium from one container to another. The AVZ 20D device is not suitable for working with aggressive media that react with ferrous metal and lubricating oil. The AVZ 20D device must not be overheated; the operation of this device must be cooled.
3.6 Devices for the sewer truck
3.7 Graphite blades
Graphite blades are used as components for rotary vane and dry vacuum pumps. Graphite blades are popular because they have a number of advantages:
- resistance to unfavorable conditions, for example, the temperature increases when the blade rubs inside the device;
- the blades are inert and do not respond to chemical reactions;
- graphite blades are self-lubricating, which is possible thanks to particles that lubricate between the device chamber and the blade.
Due to their structure, graphite blades are not noisy in operation, which is the main advantage.
3.8 Receiver for vacuum device
A receiver for a vacuum pump is called an equalizing cylinder, which is used with vacuum pumps and installations. For chemical and food production receivers with a volume of 500 and 900 l are made of stainless steel. Economical models of receivers are made on the basis of compressor devices.
A vacuum station is a very large installation that contains a huge number of important components, each of which somehow affects the operation of the entire mechanism.
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If you look at these installations purely from the production side, then they are the main source for the formation of vacuum. Without the operation of such equipment, in various industries a vacuum simply cannot form, which in any case will lead to dire consequences that will simply be impossible to avoid.
Vacuum stations have currently been able to find their strong application in such industries as:
- Medical institutions
- Operating rooms or intensive care rooms
- Large enterprises
There, vacuum stations serve as the main source of vacuum, which allows all equipment to function simply. If we touch on the topic of technical characteristics of vacuum stations, then in this regard there is also diversity and among the entire amount of vacuum equipment, you can find the one that will be most suitable for performing certain tasks.
Such stations will be able to fully ensure the operation of a huge enterprise, or some large hospital where a reliable vacuum is required.
We should also not forget about such a category of stations as compressor stations, which also play a big role in the medical and manufacturing industries.
Compressor stations:
The source of compressed air in this device is formed in the internal part compressor stations where is the creation process itself? necessary conditions vacuum is done in a matter of seconds. But it is worth noting that it is best to buy such equipment from trusted companies that can give all the necessary quality guarantees.
By choosing a reliable company, you can also receive a full package of services, which looks like this:
- Selection of the necessary equipment that will suit your target tasks.
- Delivery of all equipment to the desired location
- High-quality system installation
- Quick piping installation to ensure targeted gas flow into the system
- All the necessary guarantees under which you can carry out free maintenance
After looking at this entire package of services, it becomes clear that purchasing vacuum stations from trusted companies is a smart idea, since in this case you will be able to get all the possible privileges that you can dream of.
Medical vacuum stations
It was already mentioned earlier that such equipment is in great demand in the medical industry, which needs high-precision and quality equipment, which is capable of delivering consistently high performance indicators. Judging purely by technical specifications medical stations, then in this regard you can also see a huge variety, among which you can find installations for a variety of purposes.
The productivity of the vacuum station varies from 300 to 4000 l/min, which is more than enough to perform large volumes of tasks.
Most often, vacuum stations are supplied in the following configurations:
Vacuum pumps
Such installations are most often equipped with several oil pumps of the UVL series. Pumps of this type are as simple as possible in terms of operation and operate without any noise, which is their significant advantage.
Special blocks for controlling a vacuum station
This type of equipment allows the device to operate automatically, without any human assistance. It is this fact that makes us lean towards this option. But it is worth mentioning manual versions of similar stations, which are no less functional, but a person can independently control the entire work process.
Both options are designed to perform certain tasks, in which they demonstrate themselves with purely positive side. If we consider medical vacuum stations as a whole, then we can see a huge number of obvious advantages in them, in comparison with some other installations.
As for the installation of medical vacuum stations, this issue is not a problem, since such a process is easily carried out by specially trained people who, for a small amount of money, can put the system in order and enable it to function fully, producing consistently high performance productivity.
Vacuum systems with receiver
Vacuum systems with a receiver are compact, and most importantly, productive systems of the CPV series. This series of devices is designed for pumping out various liquids using a rotary vacuum pump, which copes with its task quite well.
Installations of this type demonstrate themselves most effectively when creating a vacuum in the most different installations, be it mobile device, or the whole industrial system. One of the main areas of application for such stations is vacuum devices with gripping capabilities, which work with elements within the system such as: safety valve and receiver. These elements help ensure the fastest possible capture and stable maintenance of energy levels within the system.
In fact, vacuum systems of the CPV series are almost ready-made stations that can pump out various gases without any problems. Such installations operate exclusively on the principle of an oil vane rotary vacuum pump, since its performance is sufficient to solve most labor-intensive tasks.
Systems of this type are capable of maintaining a certain level of energy even in conditions emergency situation when this process becomes as unpredictable as possible. Do not forget that the vacuum system in any case also includes a vacuum pump with check valve. It is the pump, when working together with the valve, that makes it possible to achieve such high performance indicators, which are much more difficult to achieve in other installations.
Vacuum systems based on liquid ring pumps
Systems operating on the basis of a liquid ring pump are a real breakthrough in the field of vacuum technology. The main reason for this is the simplicity of the design, which, although it does not have complex elements, the device is capable of delivering the highest possible performance indicators, which even more expensive installations cannot match.
So simple design, allows the device to operate with the greatest efficiency. An economical method of regulation, which is based on the principle of selection, also plays a significant role in this. rotational speed pump shaft, which in turn is capable of delivering high performance indicators.
Systems operating on the basis of a liquid ring pump have now already found their application in a huge number of industries that require reliable and productive products. The main reason This type of pump is a liquid ring pump, the operating principle of which is the speed of rotation of the blades, which, under enormous pressure, accelerate the device to enormous speeds, giving it the ability to produce the highest possible efficiency indicators.
Roots Vacuum Pumps
Roots vacuum pumps are devices that operate on the basis of a rotating rotor, inside of which there are several blades. They all move evenly inside the system, creating a certain level of vacuum. Then these blades push all the liquid into the next compartments, in which several more work processes take place.
It is worth noting that the blades inside the rotor operate without touching each other, and this was done so that the internal parts of the system are not subject to wear, which can lead to serious damage, which will be quite difficult to cope with.
So when purchasing such equipment, be sure to take all these aspects into account, so as not to end up in a losing position.
The wide range of available types of foreline and twin-rotor pumps provides the designer with the opportunity to optimize in accordance with customer requirements. Below are some interesting examples systems designed for specific applications.
Multistage pumping systems
Multistage pumping systems are typically used when large volumes need to be pumped in a relatively short time. Vacuum compressor systems are often used. Also in vacuum systems a vacuum pump with a vacuum receiver is used. Vacuum receivers are equalizing vacuum cylinders for use with all kinds of vacuum pumps and vacuum spraying units. We offer vacuum receivers for use in different conditions. When pumping starts from the level atmospheric pressure To maintain an acceptable compression ratio, several stages are used at each stage. As an example, we present a three-stage system connected in series and parallel (Fig. 13), designed for pumping a chamber with a volume of 1308 m 3 from a pressure of 760 Torr to 0.01 Torr in 2 hours with an air leak of 20 Torr l/s. Starting with the last one, each stage is started sequentially with a time delay of a few seconds in order to reduce the initial power surge. With a 2:1 ratio between the three stages, the interstage bypass valves maintain a maximum allowable relative pressure of 400 Torr. Excess air is released through the valves until the performance of the preceding and subsequent fore-vacuum stages is equal. Interstage heat exchangers remove heat from the compressed gas, maintain an approximately constant compression ratio, and limit inlet temperatures for subsequent stages. In such systems, the pumping speed of the first stage is maintained at 10270 m 3 /h when pumping from atmospheric pressure to 2 Torr. At 2 Torr, the first and second stages were valved in parallel, providing an operating rate of 15,518 m 3 /h to cope with air leakage, which at 0.01 Torr was 7,200 m 3 /h. The actual time to reach a pressure of 0.01 Torr was 100 minutes.
Rice. 13. Three-stage vacuum system with series-parallel connection of pumps. Pumping vacuum chamber 1.308 m 3 from 760 to 0.01 Torr in 100 min. with air leakage 20 Torr l/s. Twin rotor pumps are connected in parallel at 2 Torr pressure to handle air leakage at 0.01 Torr (source: Stokes Vacuum Inc.).
Peak power consumption for stages 1 and 2 was 159 and 75 kW, respectively. The average power over the twenty-minute period was approximately 60% of peak. Motors with a power of 100 and 56 kW were selected, respectively. The overload operating time was approximately 3 minutes. High temperature insulation was used for the windings, and special protection when the temperature was exceeded was provided by sensors built into the windings.
Pumping system for pumping out liquid hydrogen
The pumping system (Fig. 14) was designed to pump pure hydrogen at a rate of 10,200 m 3 /h at 52 Torr 14 K. The heat increase resulted in an inlet temperature of approximately 249 K. A three-stage liquid seal pumping system was selected to move the cold gas. Ethylene glycol was used as a sealing fluid and circulated in a closed loop system where it was heated to 40°C in order to maintain the operating temperature of the rotary pumps. Liquid sealing increased the efficiency of twin-rotor pumps, allowing for smaller pumps and direct exhaust to atmosphere.
Rice. 14. Pumping system for pumping out liquid hydrogen. Heated ethylene glycol was injected into the inlet of twin rotor pumps to seal and maintain operating temperature(source: Stokes Vacuum Inc.)
Vacuum food dehydration system
The vacuum product dehydration system (Fig. 15) was created to obtain a maximum residual pressure of 6 Torr at a pumping rate of air of 11.4 kg/h and water vapor of 100 kg/h. For this purpose, a double-rotor pump - condenser - mechanical pump system was used, providing a total pumping speed of the system of 18,500 m 3 /h. A double rotor pump was used to increase the pressure at which the condensers operated - in in this case from 6 to 18 Torr. Two condensers, each with receivers, needed to condense and remove all the water when the refrigerator supplied chilled water at 10°C. An automatically operating pressure control valve located between the condensers and the mechanical pump maintained a pressure of 18 Torr in the condensers to prevent backflow of condensed steam. Most of the water was removed by condensers, and a small fore-vacuum pump was used only to pump out air and a small flow of water vapor at a pressure corresponding to the partial pressure of water vapor in the condenser. The fore-vacuum pump was operated at 82 °C.
Rice. 15. Product dehydration system. Large mass flow of water vapor (100 kg/h) with small air flow(11.3 kg/h) were pumped at 6 Torr. The fore-vacuum pump pumped out air and water vapor at partial pressure and a condenser temperature of 10 "C (
