The most common entrance exams:
- Russian language
- Mathematics (basic level)
- Social studies is a core subject, at the choice of the university
- History - at the choice of university
- Computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT) - at the university's choice
- Foreign language- at the choice of university
In fact, examination for the needs of the court is a study of any object, phenomenon, circumstances or characteristics of human behavior with the subsequent issuance of an opinion on issues of interest. Conducting such research requires a wide range of knowledge in a wide range of university disciplines, cultural, psychological, materials science, technical features and new products. Expertise may relate to medicine, graphology, technical features, analytics and logic, as well as other highly specialized knowledge and disciplines. A competent forensic expert is a researcher who brings undoubted practical benefit to society.
Brief description of the specialty
Different educational institutions train specialists depending on the general focus of the university. For example, MSTU im. Bauman specializes in training forensic experts in computer technology. Other specializations (12 names in total): engineering and technical, forensic, speech, economic expertise; examination of substances, products and materials. However, first of all, the expert receives a legal education.
The specialty is in great demand. WITH educational institutions trying to cooperate commercial companies who can employ a specialist, government agencies and departments (Investigative Committee, Ministry of Internal Affairs).
Large universities in the capital
There are only 8 universities in Moscow that offer this program. Popular among them:
- Moscow State Law University named after. O.E. Kutafina;
- MSTU im. N.E. Bauman;
- State Fire Service Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia;
- Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after. V.Ya. Kikotya;
- Russian Academy of Justice.
Terms and forms of training
Full-time students will pass state exams and defend their diploma in 5 years. No other forms of training are provided. Many institutes have budget places along with a certain number of commercial ones.
Subjects studied by students
Preparation begins with training in legal disciplines, delving into specialization in the process. In addition to general education subjects, forensic experts will study:
- block of legal disciplines (criminal, administrative, civil law, criminal code, procedural actions);
- block of specialization (theory of forensic examination, criminology, features of forensic photography and video recording, examination of documents, traceology, fingerprinting, etc.)
Gained knowledge and skills
Students will be taught the following:
- organize and conduct one type of forensic examination (according to specialization);
- find, receive and examine materials and traces in the process of conducting inspections or investigative activities;
- conduct photo and video recording of the scene of the incident;
- apply modern technology and new research methods, use modern search engines to obtain information;
- analyze the information received, build a picture of the scene of the incident;
- draw up expert opinions and certificates;
- maintain documentation and records at work;
- resist corruption in the service.
Future profession: what to work for graduate 
The range of positions in which expert graduates can realize themselves is quite wide, but is connected with the judicial and legal system of the state and the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The main task of experts is to detect, seize, and examine traces and objects at the scene of the incident. Specialists are in demand for the following jobs:
- police officer;
- interrogator;
- criminologist, forensic and medical expert, graphologist, forensic laboratory specialist;
- expert at an independent research center.
Graduates can easily find work as laboratory assistants or forensic assistants. If a specialist proves himself, promotion in position and salary will not be long in coming: in the bodies ensuring law and order, good specialists there are few, many of them are quite old, and management is interested in cultivating new personnel. An employee's salary can vary greatly depending on competence. Some specialists, having gained experience, go to less nervous and stressful work in private examination organizations.
Continuing training in the specialty
The direction “Forensic Expertise” does not provide for further special training. After completing the specialty, graduates can submit documents for further mastery of the peculiarities of jurisprudence or another legal direction in the magistracy.
A forensic expert is a doctor who examines injuries, beatings, and mutilations received by criminal means, gives opinions on the severity of the injuries and the method of their infliction, participates in DNA tests, and also examines corpses that raise doubts among law enforcement agencies regarding the cause of death. The forensic expert signs criminal liability for the results of his work.
The forensic expert provides explanations to assist the investigation, participates in investigative actions, and goes to the scene of the incident. He is in close contact with the courts and medical professionals involved in judicial practice. His work is most closely connected with the pathology service, histology laboratory and geneticists.
A forensic expert is an extremely popular profession due to the fact that the number of such specialists is limited; not every doctor, due to the specifics of the work and psycho-emotional overload, can engage in forensic medical practice.
Places of work
A forensic expert works in an independent forensic medical examination center or bureau of various subordination levels (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB).
History of the profession
The history of forensic medicine is closely connected with the history of justice and statehood. She traces her ancestry back to the tablets of medical reports in court cases, found during archaeological excavations in Rome 448 BC.
The founder of forensic medicine is considered to be the French surgeon Ambroise Pare, who was the first to try to systematize the knowledge accumulated in this area and performed the first forensic autopsy (1562). By the 19th century, in enlightened Europe there were more than 2980 sources on forensic medicine.
In Russia, forensic medical examination is the same age as the judicial reform of Peter I. Since the end of the 17th century. Forensic medicine began to be taught at universities. Today, not a single criminal trial can proceed without the conclusion of a forensic expert, and DNA testing has become a routine procedure to confirm kinship.
Responsibilities of a forensic expert
The main responsibilities of a forensic scientist are:
- Conducting forensic autopsies.
- Collection of material for genetic and other examinations.
- Ability to work with equipment, instruments and reagents.
- Compliance with safety precautions and sanitary and epidemiological regulations.
- Participation in court hearings if there is a summons.
- Filling out primary medical documentation.
Requirements for a forensic expert
The basic requirements for a forensic expert are as follows:
- Higher medical education, current certificate in forensic medicine.
- Knowledge of the legal aspects of conducting forensic medical examinations.
- Work experience in the specialty is preferred.
How to become a forensic scientist
To become a forensic scientist, you need:
- Graduate from a university with a degree in General Medicine or Pediatrics.
- Receive an accreditation sheet along with your diploma by passing test tasks, exam and having passed an interview with a special commission consisting of doctors of science and professors. This will give the right to work independently on an outpatient or outpatient basis.
- It is compulsory to work for a year in a clinic or outpatient clinic, and then enter residency (2 years) in the specialty “forensic medicine”.
In the process of work, doctors are awarded qualification points confirming accreditation: for performing complex manipulations, participating in scientific and practical conferences and seminars, for publishing scientific articles, books, and defending a dissertation. Every 5 years these points are summed up and assessed by the accreditation commission. If you score a sufficient number of points, you can continue working in your specialty for the next five years. If there are not enough points, the doctor is deprived of the right to treat. .
The growth of professionalism, level of knowledge and experience of the doctor is usually reflected qualification category . All categories are assigned by a qualification commission in the presence of the doctor himself, based on his written research work containing a description of skills and knowledge. Assignment deadlines:
- more than 3 years of experience - second category;
- more than 7 years - first;
- more than 10 years - highest.
A doctor has the right not to qualify, but for career growth this will be a minus.
It also contributes to career and professional growth scientific activity— writing master's and doctoral dissertations, publications in medical journals, speaking at conferences and congresses.
Forensic pathologist salary
The range of incomes is wide: forensic experts earn from 9,500 to 72,000 rubles per month. Forensic experts are most in demand in the Volgograd, Sverdlovsk regions, the Republic of Khakassia and in large cities of Russia. We found the highest salary for doctors in the regional center of forensic medical examination in the city of Kurilsk, Sakhalin region, and the smallest in the regional bureau of forensic medical examination in Pskov.
The average salary of a forensic expert is 41,000 rubles per month.
Where to get training
In addition to higher education, there are a number of short-term training on the market, usually lasting from a week to a year.
Modern scientific and technical academy and a number of its courses in the direction of "".
Interregional Academy of Additional vocational education(MADPO) trains in the "" specialization and issues diplomas and certificates.
Medical University innovation and development invites you to take distance courses for retraining or advanced training in the direction of "" to receive a diploma or state certificate. Training lasts from 16 to 2700 hours, depending on the program and your level of preparation.
Thanks to the work of forensic officers, criminals get what they deserve. It is forensic experts who find the evidence remaining at the crime scene, with the help of which the circumstances of the offense become clear. What are the features of this profession? Is it difficult to master its intricacies? What skills and qualities should a candidate for the position of expert in this field have?
In order for the court to make a fair verdict, a strong evidence base must first be collected. This is done by forensic scientists. Every employee knows what kind of profession this is. internal organs: It is the expert who conducts the examination of various evidence. He can indicate the time of death, determine the weapon used in the murder, or find out what tool was used to break down the door. The expert sends the collected data to law enforcement agencies, and it is then decided how to use it. It often happens that the identity of the criminal is established precisely thanks to the work of an expert.
Story
Forensic science - what kind of profession is it? What qualities does a specialist need?
Education is far from the only condition for becoming a professional in this field. A candidate for this position also needs a set of certain internal qualities, because otherwise the job will break him. What are these qualities?
Firstly, a forensic expert must have iron restraint. Without this he will not be able to carry out around the clock looking for clues. Besides, a real professional must always remain cool. After all, he will constantly have to face horror in the process of his work. Despite the cruelty with which the crimes were committed, he needs to remain unbiased, make sober judgments, and quickly carry out the necessary actions.
Where to work?
Previously, graduates with a degree in Forensic Science could only work in government agencies - the police or the prosecutor's office. But nowadays private organizations often hire experts in this field. For example, each insurance company has its own specialist to prove an insured event. In addition, there are independent morgues where it is possible to double-check the authenticity of the examination carried out by government specialists.
Salary and relevance of the profession
Due to the fact that the profession of a forensic expert is quite complex, specialists in this profile always remain in demand. However, this demand applies mainly to large cities. In small towns and cities, a specialist turns out to be unnecessary.
Fraudulent crimes have become especially common nowadays. Documents are often falsified or false loans are issued. Having become a victim of deception, a person turns to the investigative authorities, where an examination is appointed.
Those applicants who are interested in the question of what kind of profession it is - forensic science, should know: wages in this field exceed the average. High demands in this profession are quite justified. Success in this field awaits only those who are willing to put in enough effort and become a true professional.
The profession of a forensic expert implies that its owner has a medical education. She is part of a group of positions that carry out forensic examinations. When deciding where to study to become a forensic scientist, you need to understand the differences between all the workers in this broad field. This will allow you to clearly define your activity profile and select best option receiving necessary knowledge and skills.
Where does a forensic expert work and what does he do?
A forensic expert collects evidence and conducts research that allows us to understand the specifics of crimes committed and find the perpetrators. Based on their results, the employee makes conclusions that are taken into account when considering the case in court.
What is the job of a forensic expert:
- autopsy and examination of bodies dead people in order to establish the cause of their death;
- carrying out exhumation of bodies in order to identify errors during their initial examination or identify new circumstances of the death of victims;
- examination of living people in order to assess their condition and determine the severity of the injuries inflicted on them;
- conducting examinations to identify the circumstances of the crime, for example, establishing the type of weapon used or confirming the fact of rape;
- carrying out complex laboratory tests necessary to clarify the details of the crime in question. Often, experienced employees who have the highest medical category and a candidate or doctorate degree are taken on such actions.
A specialist such as a forensic expert can undergo additional training and gain skills in conducting additional forensic examinations. Today their number has already exceeded a dozen. His salary and career opportunities depend on where a professional works and what knowledge he has.
Categories of forensic experts
The list of skills available to a forensic expert directly depends on his place of work and area of activity. When deciding which area to give preference to, you need to understand the specifics of each of them. This will allow you to immediately identify a suitable field and choose the right educational institution.
Forensic expert - a representative of forensic medicine who answers specific questions 
investigative authorities. He is closely involved in the study of such areas as biochemistry, hygiene and bacteriology. Most often, the officer determines the cause of death of a person and the murder weapon. To do this, he has to examine the victim’s body and conduct additional research. The result of the work is an official conclusion in the form of a death certificate with an answer to all the questions posed by the investigation.
Psychologist – examines the mental activity of a person involved in a criminal case. He studies the state, properties, processes and mechanisms that can help establish the truth in the question posed. A specialist can work with a suspect, witness, or victim. The forensic expert must find out whether a particular person is able to adequately respond to the situation, correctly assess what is happening, and whether the suspect was in a state of passion at the time of the crime. The employee must exclude the presence of mental illness in the individual. To occupy such a position, you must have a higher medical education in the field of psychiatry or a diploma in psychology.
A polygraph examiner is a forensic expert who works with defendants in cases using a polygraph. This type of examination is appointed when it is not possible to establish the truth by other means or to find out the reasons for the conflicting testimony of the participants in the process. It is noteworthy that a representative of the profession must not only be able to work with a lie detector, but also have the skills to apply in practice knowledge about human psychophysiological reactions. He pays attention to the subject's visual and verbal cues.
Forensic construction expert is a new and controversial field that is just beginning to gain popularity. The representative of the region organizes the processes by which control is carried out construction work. Such an employee verifies the authenticity of the information provided in the permitting documents. It establishes the causes of work failures and damage to facilities. Cooperation with law enforcement agencies can be carried out at the stage of investigation or trial.
Where to study to become a forensic scientist
To become a forensic expert, you need to obtain a higher medical education. When applying for admission, most educational institutions pay attention to Unified State Exam scores in the Russian language, biology, and chemistry. Already in the senior years of university, you need to choose the appropriate direction, and then undergo an internship and residency in your specialty. The entire training cycle lasts 7-8 years. 
Only after this can you begin to directly perform your direct responsibilities and improve your qualifications. Forensic medicine is a profession that is constantly evolving. Its successful representatives never stop learning. They constantly attend additional courses, study specialized literature, and master new research methods.
When deciding where to go to study to become a forensic scientist, it is important to understand that the field is extremely specific. It is better to find out in advance whether a particular university offers in-depth training in a given specialization. You can first get any medical education, and then take additional specialized courses, but the approach has a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the knowledge will not be deep enough; you will have to complete your studies for several months or years. Secondly, employers pay attention to where their employees study. You may have to prove your level of qualifications for a long time and gain practical experience in order to get a good position.
How much does a forensic scientist earn?
Representatives of the field of forensic science are in great demand in Russia. The demand for qualified employees is only growing every year. Level wages employee depends on his education, amount of knowledge and list of skills, practical experience, position held, and availability of an academic degree.
On initial stage The salary of a specialist is 25-30 thousand rubles. As they grow professionally, forensic experts begin to earn an average of 50 thousand rubles.
Experienced laboratory employees with academic degrees and an impressive amount of knowledge can count on a salary of 60-70 thousand rubles. Representatives of the forensic medical profession who occupy management positions receive 80-100 thousand. Employees representing the Ministry of Internal Affairs additionally receive significant benefits and an increase depending on their rank.
Decent salaries, career opportunities and convenient work schedules attract many people. But it is important to remember that a forensic scientist is not just a doctor. Representatives of the direction have to deal with corpses, regularly experience stress and take responsibility for making important decisions.
A pathologist is a specialist who identifies all kinds of pathologies based on the normal structure of the anatomy of the human body.
Pathologist(from the Greek páthos - suffering, illness; anatome - dissection) - a specialist in pathological anatomy. Deals with the identification of all kinds of pathologies based on the normal structure of the anatomy of the human body. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in chemistry and biology (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).
Features of the profession
Pathologist - physician with higher education. But he does not engage in treatment. For the sake of brevity, the specialists themselves call themselves pathologists. But in any case, the name alone shows that they are engaged in autopsies of the dead. A post-mortem autopsy is called an autopsy (from the Greek auto - himself and opsis - vision). Everything that was hidden during life becomes visible on the pathologist’s table. That's why doctors have this joke: a pathologist is the best diagnostician. He is also engaged in intravital research - studying the tissues of diseased organs to find out if they contain cancer cells. This is necessary for planning the operation and further treatment. A pathologist makes a diagnosis by examining a thin section of tissue under a microscope.
Working as a podiatrist is similar to working as a forensic scientist. But there are still differences. A pathologist examines the bodies of people who died in a hospital in an ambulance. For what? If the diagnosis could not be established during life, an autopsy will help to do this. In addition, it is necessary to find out whether an error in diagnosis became the cause of death, or whether other medical errors were made. Investigation is mandatory if there is a suspicion of infectious disease. The final diagnosis is made when all tissues are examined under a microscope. Some tests, for example, to identify chemical substances, are already carried out in other laboratories, where the pathologist sends drugs (tissue samples).
It is worth keeping in mind that the pathologist assists the attending physician (surgeon) in making a diagnosis of a living patient. A pathologist analyzes living tissue for this, so his help in making a diagnosis cannot be overestimated.
All cases where it is necessary to make a diagnosis during life or after death, death during surgery, require research and discussion in the medical community. The attending physician's data is compared with the autopsy data, after which a conclusion is made as to whether the treatment is or was correct. A pathologist performs a postmortem examination if a person died at home, the cause of death is unclear, but there are no signs of violence.
A forensic doctor usually works under orders of an investigator or court. He also performs an autopsy, but only if there is a suspicion of a violent death. Or if the body is not identified. He also examines physical evidence (traces of blood). But he also works with living people - victims of crimes: he examines injuries on the body.
Workplace
Remuneration
Salary as of 03/28/2019
Russia 20000—80000 ₽
Important qualities
Scrupulousness, patience, good memory, analytical thinking, professional erudition.
Knowledge and skills
To make a correct diagnosis, you need to know physiology, as well as many diseases and syndromes and imagine how they manifest themselves.
Pathologist training
To become a pathologist (like a forensic pathologist), you need to graduate from medical school.
