Research work on the topic "coloring flowers at home." Artificially changing the color of flower petals Experiments with flowers for school projects

Introduction

In nature there is a special amazing world, fascinating with its beauty, unusual shapes and mystery - the world of flowers. The presence of flowers in a person’s daily life brings brightness and color and complements its essence. Flowers represent beauty, joy and perfection of nature to people. People always decorate the festive, solemn days of their lives, and everyday life with these amazing gifts of nature.

Since ancient times, flowers have been considered a beautiful plant and decoration of people's lives. Man decorated his home with various plants, trying to bring home a piece of living nature. Someone grows flowers to create a special microclimate in a city apartment, having learned from school that plants absorb carbon dioxide, and release oxygen, thereby improving the composition of the air. In addition, they moisten it by evaporating moisture from the surface of the leaves, which is why it is so easy to breathe among plants. Others grow flowers solely for their beauty. Flowers have always been associated with love, joy, good mood and vigor.

Among national characteristics of the Belarusian people, which cannot but attract attention is their commitment to fresh flowers, to their cultivation, breeding, care, and their widespread use in the form of decoration.

The world of flowers with their endless variety of colors and shapes, enchanting beauty, and the sublime feelings they awaken in humans have always been an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets of all times. Our gaze will quickly find blue cornflower flowers, yellow-eyed daisies, fluffy inflorescences clovers, bright yellow dandelions. This colorful and fragrant variety of colors creates the atmosphere of a spring and summer holiday.

Object of my research: Absorption of food coloring.

Subject of research: white carnation and rose.

Purpose of the study: get different colors of roses and carnations when interacting with a food coloring solution

Research methods: work with literary sources, theoretical analysis, empirical methods(experiment, comparison, observation), analytical (comparison of data obtained), situation modeling.

Tasks:

1. Study the structure of the plant stem based on an analysis of the literature on the topic;

2. Conduct an experiment and compare artificial coloring with natural species diversity;

3. Find out the practical significance of the ability to absorb water by plants without roots.

HypothesesA: The white carnations will turn the color of the food coloring.

Chapter 1. Theoretical part

1.1 Description of the research object

The generic Latin name Dianthus comes from the Greek. δῖος - “divine” and ἄνθος - “flower”: flower of Zeus, Jupiter; given to the plant by C. Linnaeus based on beautiful flowers

The flowers are solitary or 2-3 at the ends of the branches. The calyx is cylindrical or cylindrical-conical, with numerous longitudinal veins and (1)2-4(5) pairs of scale-like, imbricate overlapping bracts. There are five petals, with long nails and a jagged, fringed, sometimes whole limb. There are ten stamens. There are two columns.

The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, sessile or on a short carpophorus, unilocular, opening with four teeth. The seeds are numerous, flattened, oval, black, finely obtuse.

About 300-350 species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and partly in North America. The genus is most richly represented in the Mediterranean. Many species have been introduced into culture as ornamental plants and are sometimes naturalized.

Some types of carnations are cultivated as annuals and bloom in the year of sowing, while others are cultivated as biennials, that is, in the year of sowing they develop only rosette leaves and bloom in the second year. Numerous hybrids are currently used in ornamental gardening. This plant was especially popular in the Soviet Union, where these flowers became a symbol October Revolution, and subsequently victories in the Great Patriotic War.

Some researchers claim that the smell of cloves “helps smooth out internal contradictions” and “stimulates positive emotions.”

1.2 Why do the petals change color?

Water enters the plant from the soil through root hairs and young parts of roots and is carried through vessels throughout its entire above-ground part. Absorbed by the roots, they are carried throughout the plant by moving water. minerals. The flowers we use in the experiment are rootless. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb colored water. This is possible thanks to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the suction force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the above-ground organs of the plant.

Plants have two types of vessels. Tube vessels, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from bottom to top - from roots to leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is located at its center. This system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower. slice.gif

Damage to blood vessels can kill the plant. This is why the bark of trees should not be damaged, since the vessels are located close to it...

Chapter 2. Practical part

2.1 Paint fresh flowers (description of experience)

To conduct the experiment we will need:

· any flowers with white petals, I used white roses and carnations.

· water containers, such as glasses.

food coloring different colors

· knife

water

Work plan:

1. Fill the containers with water.

3. Set one flower aside and trim the stems of the remaining flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife. You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees. warm water. The flowers were transferred from water to containers with dyes as quickly as possible, holding the cut with a finger, because upon contact with air, micropores of the stem form air jams, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.

4. Place one flower in each container with dye.

5. They took the flower that they had put aside. We cut (split) its stem lengthwise from the center into two parts. We repeated the procedure described in point 3 with it. After that, we placed one part of the stem in a container with a dye (green), and the other part of the stem in a container with a dye of a different color (red).

6. We waited until the colored water rose up the stems of the plants and painted their petals in different colors. It took about 4 days. At the end of the experiment, they did not forget to examine each part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of the water.

2.2 Explanation of experience (conclusion):

Water enters the plant from the soil through root hairs and young parts of roots and is carried through vessels throughout its entire above-ground part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the roots are carried throughout the plant. The flowers we use in the experiment are rootless. However, the plant does not lose its ability to absorb water. This is possible thanks to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the suction force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the above-ground organs of the plant.

Plants have two types of vessels. Tube vessels, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is located at its center. This system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower

Damage to blood vessels can kill the plant. That is why the bark of trees should not be damaged, since the vessels are located close to it.

Conclusion:

This scientifically research work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and an appendix.

In the first chapter, the literature on the research topic was studied and analyzed, the structure and history of the chrysanthemum, as well as the reasons for the change in the color of the petals, were studied.

In the second chapter, a technology for coloring fresh flowers is developed. Recommendations for coloring flowers are given. The experiment was carried out at home with parents.

The tasks assigned to us have been completed.

In my future work, I plan to paint the flower in more colors, to get a blue rose.

Is it easy to mix colors? Of course yes! If you mix red and yellow, you get orange, and blue and yellow when mixed give green. It all seems very simple, because in practice we have done all this many times. It’s easy to mix colors, but is it possible to separate them? Let's conduct simple experiments with color together.

It turns out that this can be done too. In order to find out what colors the color consists of, for example, black or purple, you can use scientific method, called chromatography. The Russian scientist Mikhail Semenovich Tsvet discovered chromatography. It turned out to be a funny coincidence: the scientist studied colors and his last name was Tsvet.

The essence of the method is that water dissolves different substances and paints in different ways. The molecules of some substances “float” faster than others. Chromatography is used for various purposes. Blood tests are done with its help, and crimes are solved, new medicines are invented, water is purified, and even odors are separated. Chromatography can do a lot of useful things. Today we will do a simple experiment with a napkin that will demonstrate this scientific method. For you today experiments with color for children. There will be flowers: yes: another time.

What is black made of?

To answer this question, we will need:

Please note that the napkin on which the ring was drawn with a black felt-tip pen did not turn black, but different colors appeared on it. The same can be said about the napkin with the purple ring.

It turns out that by using the chromatography method, we were able to see what colors black, purple, brown and other complex colors are made of. I would like to note that markers from different manufacturers may behave differently and may result in different colors.

From our simple experience you can see that black is not just black, but a mixture various colors.

After experimenting with napkins, we decided to do something similar on fabric.

Tissue chromatography

We conducted a series of tests and found that using felt-tip pens you can easily and funly create unique and amazing patterns on fabric. It's fascinating when chaotic points form unusual pattern! It's easy to create a simple design using dots and lines of different colors. We experimented with pieces of white fabric and regular markers. But if we had waterproof markers, we would definitely decorate our T-shirts. So how did we do this?

For the experiments we used:

I haven't figured out what's wrong with these yet You can make patterns. If you have any ideas, be sure to write. Such beauty cannot be wasted. Since we still have a large white sheet, I am sure that the experiments with chromatography will not end there!

Happy experimenting! Science is fun!

IXcity scientific and practical conference of students

"Science. Nature. Human. Society."

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra Municipal budget educational institution

"Gymnasium"

Direction : natural sciences and modern world

"Magic flowers!"

Performer: Radzievsky Yaroslav Dmitrievich,

Student 4 "a" class MBOU "Gymnasium"

Head: Karavaeva Lyudmila Leonidovna,

teacher primary classes, highest category

MBOU "Gymnasium"

Yugorsk

2014

Annotation

Flowers for March 8 - one of the most desired gifts for every woman. But you can give a bouquet of unusual flowers, the petals of which are painted in bright colors.

How is this possible? It's quite simple!

It is customary to give tender and beautiful tulips. In addition, in flower shop you can find any other flowers:.

The variety of bouquets that can be given on March 8 is simply amazing! But you can make an unusual bouquet and give amazing bright flowers. To do this, it is enough to use the technique of artificial coloring of flowers.

Table of contents

Introduction

Main part. 6

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants. 7

Studying the structure of a plant stem using an experiment with celery. 8

Experiment with dyeing white flowers in different colors. 9

Explanation of experiments. 11

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers. 11

Based on my experiences, I will tell you in more detail how to paint a flower. 13

Rainbow roses. 14

Conclusion 15

References 17

INTRODUCTION

International Women's Day is coming soon. I wondered how I could surprise my mother and grandmother. And I addressed this question to the World Wide Web. There I found a huge number of ideas, but one struck me and surprised me with its simplicity, beauty and unusualness. These are flowers of unusual colors.

Target:
Obtaining tulips, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums of different colors.

Tasks:

Studying the structure of a plant stem using an experiment with celery.

Find information on the topic of the project, read additional literature and reference material.

Try to make a bouquet of unusually colored flowers from white flowers yourself.

Create an album and use it in lessons " The world around us».

Object of study: Absorption of food coloring.

Subject of research: Rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, tulip.

Hypothesis: White roses, chrysanthemums and carnations will turn the color of food coloring.

Research methods:

Theoretical:

Comparison, comparison;

Observation;

Generalization.

Empirical:

Study of literature;

Experimentation;

Generalization, conclusion.

Practical significance of the study:

Artificially changing the color of flower petals.

This work can be used in “The world around us” lessons in primary school.

Review of information sources:

The book “Cognitive Experiments at School and at Home” describes experiments with flowers white, these experiments show how water moves along plant stems and how it gets into the leaves. They give funny results. In the books: “I Want to Know Everything!: A Large Illustrated Encyclopedia of Intelligence”, the “mysterious” color of flowers is told, and various experiments are carried out. The Internet provides a huge selection of information on the topic of my project, based on the knowledge gained, I was able to get flowers of an unusual color, “magic” color, using the artificial coloring technique.

Main part.

It is customary that on March 8 delicate and beautiful tulips are given as gifts. In addition, in the flower shop you can find any other flowers:orchids, daisies, gerberas, roses, chrysanthemums, mimosas, lilies. The variety of bouquets that can be given is simply amazing. But you can make an unusual bouquet and give amazing bright flowers on March 8th. To do this, it is enough to use the technique of artificial coloring of flowers. Naturally, the question immediately arises: how to paint flowers?

But for this I had to first study the structure of the stem and conduct experiments.

The stem of a plant is the axial part of the shoot, consisting of nodes and internodes. The main role of the stem in the life of the plant is supporting (mechanical), because the stem contains leaves, buds, flowers, and sporulation organs.

On the stem, the leaves are placed in the optimal order so as to carry out photosynthesis with maximum productivity. Also no less important is the function of the plant stem as an intermediary between the leaves and roots, that is, conductive.

The stem acts as a link between the root system, through which water and minerals enter the plant, and the leaves, where the synthesis of organic substances occurs. The conductive tissues of the stem, leaves and roots form a single structure that ensures the movement of substances in the plant body.

Thus, the main functions of the stem are supporting and conducting. The stem of flowering plants has conducting vessels and sieve tubes through which water and mineral salts rise up into the flower.

Roses and carnations have dense stems, and water and mineral salts reach the leaves and flowers much more slowly. And the tulip has a tubular stem with hollow sieve tubes, so the movement of water and minerals occurs faster.

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants.

This experiment will show how water moves along plant stems and how it gets into the leaves.

You will need:

Pour 100g of water into the bottom of the glass and add 1 tsp. spoon

dye. Place flowers in a glass.

The more paint you add to the water, the thicker it becomes.

there will be color on the petals.

The colored water is absorbed by the plant stem and

rises to the flower. First a new shade appeared

only at the tips of the petals. After three days almost all the flowers

will be “repainted”.

Flowers with short stems are colored

faster than with a long one, in which the water needs to travel a longer path.

In some plants, such as celery, you can quite clearly see the channels through which water flows. Having done this experiment, we will see them even better.

You will need:

Cup;

Celery greens;

Water;

Food coloring;

Pour some water into a glass and add 1 tsp. spoon of food coloring. Place branches in water. Watch the celery every hour.

To maintain life, the plant needs to provide water to its leaves. Through the vessels located inside the stem, it draws red water upward.

In celery, the vessels in the stem are wide, so it is clearly visible that they, like the leaves, have turned red.

How do plants get water?

Most plants absorb water from the soil through their roots, which have tiny holes in them. Water rises to the leaves through vessels in the stem calledxylems. Water that the plant does not need evaporates through holes in the leaves is calledstomata. The flow of water in plants is calledtranspiration.

Experiment with dyeing white flowers in different colors.

Flower breeders are always involved in coloring flowers in various unusual shades. . Thanks to their work, we can admire tea roses, incredibly beautiful gladioli, striped chrysanthemums and dahlias. Almost all flowers are the result of selection.

I really liked this idea, I wanted to change the color of the plant myself. To do this, you just had to stock up on some patience and certain materials.

Having done this experiment, we can draw a conclusion about the movement of water in plants.

For this experiment you will need:

White flowers (rose, carnations, chrysanthemum);

Food colors of different colors;

Knife.

We proceed this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will place the flowers) with water.
2. Add food coloring of the same color to each of them.
3. Set aside one flower and trim the stems of the remaining flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife.

You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. When moving flowers from water into containers with dyes, try to do this as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because upon contact with air, air plugs form in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from freely passing through the stem.

4. Place one flower in each container with dye.

5. Now let's take the flower that we put aside. Let's cut its stem lengthwise from the center into two parts. Let's repeat the procedure described in point 3. After this, place one part of the stem in a container with dye, for example, blue, and the other part of the stem into a container with a dye of a different color.

6. Let's wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals in different colors. This will happen in about 24 hours.

After a day of coloring!

At the end of the experiment, you need to examine each part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of the water.

Conclusion: Experience has proven that the supply of food coloring with water depends on the structure of the stem.

Based on my experiments, we can conclude about the movement of water in plants!

Explanation of experiments:
Water enters the plant from the soil through root hairs and young parts of roots and is carried through vessels throughout its entire above-ground part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the roots are carried throughout the plant. The flowers we use in the experiment are rootless. However, the plant does not lose its ability to absorb water.

This is possible thanks to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the suction force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the above-ground organs of the plant.

Plants have two types of vessels. Tube vessels, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is located at its center. This system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system seems to be present in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower.

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers:

White rose

The shade began to appear. Less than a day later, the rose became soft blue.

in 1-2 hours.

White chrysanthemum

Literally before our eyes, a red tint began to appear in the middle of the flower. Less than a day was enough for coloring. chrysanthemums in red.

White bush carnation

Coloring took less than a day. Bright colors came out stronger. After two days, the color of the flowers no longer changed.

. For work you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower sits, the worse its color will be. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. With red or darker colors achieve desired result impossible, so such plants should not be taken. White or cream flowers work best. From the wide variety of flowers you can choose from roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums. You can also experiment with any other white colors.

For coloring flowersfood coloring should be used .

But here, too, not everything is so simple. Do not use any food coloring, especially the kind used to color icing on cakes. Use a dye that will completely dissolve in water, coloring it. Dilute in water room temperature dye. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will color.

Please note that you havenot only the petals of the flower will be colored,but also its leaves and stem. It will take much longer to color a woody stem like a rose. But the soft stems of tulips color very quickly. Also remember that coloring is always uneven. The first to be colored are the thick veins through which water passes. Only then does the flower become fully colored.

Such a variety of colors creates an absolutely incredible feeling. It is thanks to this variety of colors that it received its name.

The rainbow rose comes from Holland. They were created by Peter Van De Werken, who is a brilliant Dutch flower designer, with his assistants.

The path to obtaining this plant was quite long. Rainbow roses were not bred thanks to breeding work. They are obtained as a result of coloring.

According to this technology, even during the period of flower growth, various floral dyes are added to individual capillaries.
It is thanks to this technology that rainbow roses were obtained. Unlike those that were previously painted by spraying paint, plants bred using this technology do not paint hands.

Surely everyone will like rainbow roses. In any case, they will leave a lasting impression in your memory.

I really wanted to repeat this experiment, but you can’t use any paint to grow this flower. It has a specific composition, which is currently known only to one Dutch company.

By the way, it is this company that distributes rainbow roses all over the world.

Bouquets of rainbow roses painted in the colors of the flag different countries!

Conclusion.

My research work was very interesting and exciting. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, I learned that you can getunusual colors, “magic” colors of flowers, using artificial coloring techniques.

Based on theoretical knowledge, I conducted a study on the movement of water in plants,In practice, I studied the structure of the plant stem through an experiment with celery.Conducted an experiment with painting white flowers in different colors using artificial coloring with food coloring.

Got it myself fromwhite flowers, a bouquet of unusually colored flowers togive amazing bright flowers to your beloved mother and grandmother on March 8th!

Using the knowledge I gained, I created an album: “Magic Flowers” to familiarize yourself with the wonderful flowers and unusual shades of the resulting bouquets in the lesson “The World Around You”.

Based onFrom my observations, I concluded:

The main functions of the stem are supporting and conducting. The stem of flowering plants has conducting vessels and sieve tubes through which water and mineral salts rise up into the flower.

Experiments have proven that the supply of food coloring with water depends on the structure of the stem.

Coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing isstick to some rules:

After achieving the desired color of the petals, the flower should be removed from the solution and placed in clean water, so it will stay for a few more days.

Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower sits, the worse its color will be.

When moving flowers from water into containers with dyes, try to do this as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because upon contact with air, air plugs form in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from freely passing through the stem.

Never pinch the stem while pruning.

Paint flowers only at room temperature.

If you use this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th.

Try it you will definitely like these bouquets !

REFERENCES:

Journal "Biology at School", M. Prosveshchenie, 2009.

Children's magazine "Chemical experiments at home", M., Bustard, 2011.

Big book of experiments for schoolchildren / Ed. Antonella Meijani; Per. with it. E.I. Motyleva - Moscow: ZAO Publishing House ROSMEN-PRESS, 2005.-260 p.

Cognitive experiences at school and at home / Ed. Alistair Smith; Per. from English V. A. Zhukova - Moscow: Rosmen-Izdat LLC, 2001. -96 p.

“I am a researcher”: Workbook for primary schoolchildren. – 2nd ed., rev. – Samara: Publishing House “Educational Literature”: Publishing House “Fedorov”, 2008. – 32 p.: ill.

Website addresses:

Appendix No. 1

RESEARCH WORK PLAN

Contents of the work

Deadlines

implementation

Determining the research topic.

January 2014

Collecting information from various literary sources and the Internet.

January-March

Select best recipes for practical research.

January

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants.

Studying the structure of a plant stem using an experiment with celery.

Experiment with dyeing white flowers in different colors.

Explanation of experiments.

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers

Rainbow roses.

Formulating a conclusion from knowledge gained in practice.

Creating a presentation using a computer program: "PowerPoint2007".

Creating an album for the lesson: “The world around us”

Thinking through the display of experiments for your presentation.

Preparation and defense of the study.

March

Do your kids love mixing colors? Our Dasha is very! She also loves different experiences. And I thought, what if I combine these two activities. Let's have a day of color experiments.

Experiment 1: “Mixing colors”. This is a very simple activity, suitable even for kids.

We will need: any paints (watercolor, gouache, finger paints) and a sheet of paper.

We apply paint of one color to the sheet, for example, blue. We wash the brush and add yellow. What happened?

We try to mix colors in different proportions. What happens if we take a lot of blue and a little yellow? What if it's the other way around? What if we add white or black?

By the way, you can mix not only primary colors: blue with red; red with yellow; yellow with blue.

Let's try mixing red and green, or orange and blue. Or mix not two, but three colors.

You can also come up with names for the resulting colors.

So what colors did you get? This is how we used to mix colors

Experience 2: “Getting a new color”. In general, this is the same first experience, only for more “advanced” researchers.

We will need: three glasses, paint, two napkins.

Pour water and blue paint into the first glass, leave the second glass empty, and pour water and yellow paint into the third glass. We place an empty glass between the “colored” glasses. We fold the napkins and place one end into a “colored” glass and the other into an empty one. We begin observation.

We used puree jars. At the beginning of the experiment, the colored water began to rise on the napkins, but we still did not get the desired effect. We decided to take smaller glasses and everything worked out here. Now we want to try mixing several colors in a circle.

Experiment 3: “Color chromatography”

It’s easy to mix colors, but is it possible, on the contrary, to separate them? Let's try!

We will need: a glass of water, a napkin, markers.

On a napkin, stepping back from the edge, draw a stripe with a felt-tip pen. Dip the edge of the napkin into a glass of water so as not to wet the felt-tip pen strip. We take out a napkin and hang it vertically.

Let's see what happens.

This experience is more successful for us. It is interesting to observe how the water, rising along the napkin, “dragged” the paint with it. Along the way, the paint was divided into several colors. It's not very visible in the photo. Our green has decomposed from yellow to blue. In the blue we saw pink, lilac, and green. A blue stripe suddenly appeared in the brown.

Dasha liked this activity the most. For a long time she drew stripes on napkins herself, wet them and observed what happened.

Experiment 4: “Chromatography on fabric”

Let's do the previous experiment, only on fabric.

We will need: felt-tip pens, pieces of white fabric, rubber bands, a glass, a pipette.

We secure a piece of fabric to the glass with an elastic band. We use felt-tip pens to place dots in a circle. Using a pipette, drop water into the center.

Let's see what happens.

We not only drew points, but also segments in a circle. We made a second circle at some distance.

What experiments with color do you know? Share suggestions and results.

State educational institution

« High school No. 14 Pinsk"

Design and research work

student of 4th grade

Supervisor

Kosyak Maria Nikolaevna,

primary school teacher

Pinsk, 2016

Introduction…………………………………………………………….3 CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………… …………......41.1.The role and meaning of flowers in our lives…………………………….4

1.2. How to make flowers special? Paint it! ……………………..5

CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………………………..6

2.1. An experiment with painting white flowers in different colors……..6

CHAPTER 3 …………………………………………………………………………………..8

3.1.Rainbow roses……………………………………………………….8

Conclusion……………………………………………………………......9

List of sources used…………………………………..10

Appendix ……………………………………………………………...11

Introduction

For Christmas I was given a book called Fun Science Experiments for Kids. There I found a huge number of ideas, but one struck me and surprised me with its simplicity, beauty and unusualness. These are flowers of unusual colors. Who can you surprise with a red rose or a white carnation today? And if they are blue, green or purple? I decided to surprise my mother and grandmother on International Women's Day with “magic” flowers.

I believe that my topic is relevant, since in our time flowers are of little value. Now is the age of computer games, cell phones, technology, and there is very little room left for flowers. I think this is a consequence of a misunderstanding that flowers are also an important gift. People give flowers with all their hearts to express their emotions, to convey that beauty that cannot be expressed in words.

Subject of research: white flowers.

Purpose of the study: obtaining flowers of different colors.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:

study literature and collect information on the topic of the project;

check empirically which flowers are capable of turning other colors;

experiment with painting white flowers in different colors.

Hypothesis: White flowers will turn the color of food coloring.

Research methods - studying literature on the topic, collecting and selecting information on the Internet, experimenting, observing, comparing, juxtaposing, summarizing.

The practical significance of the study is the artificial change in the color of flower petals; this work can be used in “Man and the World” and fine arts lessons in primary school.

Chapter 1

1.1. The role and meaning of flowers in our lives

Flowers have always been given special place in the life of every person. Already in ancient times, they were associated with the concepts of love, feelings of happiness and positive mood. In ancient times, in order to give flowers, you did not have to wait holiday. They were given for no reason on the most ordinary days, because they believed in magical effect flowers, making a person carefree and cheerful. Thanks to flowers, patients got rid of illnesses much faster.

Nature has created about two thousand of the most diverse different types plants that differ from each other external signs. Each of them is a one-of-a-kind plant, beautiful and unique. Flowers have an exceptional ability to give others joy and a sea of optimism.

Flowers in all their diversity not only decorate our lives, give them their exquisite and light aroma, but also purify the air, saturating it with oxygen. According to scientists, flowers neutralize unfavorable energy and charge everything around with positive energy.

It is enough to remember how happy the people who received flowers from you as a gift were, how their eyes shone with happiness. (Appendix 1)

Modern medical statistics indicate that every second person is susceptible to the serious influence of stress, which negatively affects both his condition physical health, and his peace of mind. Flowers are designed to help people deal with everyday stress. Beautiful bouquets with a fresh, delicate aroma will give you a boost of energy and a feeling of satisfaction from life, and will set your thoughts in a positive mood.

Flowers are an integral part of a positive outlook on the world; they create comfort and beauty in the home.

1.2. How to make flowers special? Paint it!

Agree, any flowers are beautiful in themselves. But sometimes we still want to add a little originality and imagination to natural beauty, not only to please a person with a beautiful bouquet, but also to surprise him. And it's quite easy to do. To give your favorite colors an unusual shade, you can use one of several existing methods coloring flowers.

How can you make flowers change color?

First, create special growing conditions for them. True, this is a method for experienced breeders. Thanks to their work, we can admire tea roses, incredibly beautiful gladioli, striped chrysanthemums and dahlias. (Appendix 2)

Secondly, reduce or increase soil acidity: less acidic soil- this is a prerequisite for a color change to pink, and then to blue and dark blue. This method is effective for coloring hydrangeas and chrysanthemums.

Thirdly, you can cover the flowers with a special coloring composition from a spray bottle.

Fourth, color with chemicals. Hold the flower whose color you want to change over the mixture ammonia and sulfuric ether.

Fifth, place the cut flowers in water colored with food coloring, which will impart color to them.

The last method - tinting - is the easiest and most common. You can use it to color flowers desired shade and at home.

Chapter 2

2.1. Experiment with dyeing white flowers in different colors

I really liked the idea of coloring flowers at home using food coloring. I wanted to change the color of the plant myself. To do this, you just had to stock up on some patience and certain materials.

For this experiment you will need:

white flowers (tulip, carnation, chrysanthemum, rose);

food coloring;

We proceed this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will place the flowers) with water. (Appendix 3)
2. Add food coloring to each of them.
3. Cut the stems of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife.

4. Place one flower in each container with dye.

5. Let's wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals. (Appendix 4)

After achieving the desired color of the petals, the flower should be removed from the solution and placed in clean water, so it will last for several more days.

I placed the results of flower coloring in a table. (Appendix 5)

So, I concluded that tulips, chrysanthemums, and carnations can be painted in other colors. The time it takes for flowers to color depends on the structure of the stem. The tulip has a tubular stem with hollow sieve tubes, so the water moves faster and the flower turns the color of food coloring faster. Chrysanthemums and carnations have a dense stem, water reaches the leaves and flowers much more slowly, and therefore the coloring occurs less intensely. It will take much longer to color a rose. Flowers with short stems color faster than those with long stems. Coloring always occurs unevenly. The first to be colored are the thick veins through which water passes. Only then does the flower become fully colored. Not only the petals of the flower are colored, but also its leaves and stem.

Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower sits, the worse its color will be. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. It is impossible to achieve the desired result with red or darker flowers, so such plants should not be taken. White or cream flowers work best. From the wide variety of flowers you can choose from roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums. You can also experiment with any other white colors.

Food coloring should be used to color flowers.

Dilute the dye in water at room temperature. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will color.

With a sharp knife trim flower stems. Cuts should be made at a 45° angle and should be 2cm long. If you are using roses, trim their stems in water. When you remove the rose stem from the water, press the cut with your finger so that it does not come into contact with air. Now place the prepared flowers overnight in a vase with water in which the dye is diluted. Already in the morning you will see some changes. It will take you to completely color different types of flowers. different times.

If desired, you can conduct several experiments with dyes. So, for this purpose, some techniques are used that make it possible to create various color effects. You can leave the flower in a container with one color of dye overnight. Then in the morning change the water and dye color. Look how intricately colored the flower petals will be. You can also use the same color of dye, but change its concentration in the water. So you can get or very bright flower, or delicate soft shades of petals.

For interesting flower coloring effects, try splitting the stem along the trunk from the base upwards by 10-12 cm. Then quickly lower half the stem into a glass with one color of dye, and the other half into a glass with a different color (the glasses are next to each other). Also, the base of the stem can be divided into 4-6 parts, which will give you the opportunity to experiment with a large number of colors and the opportunity to get several unusual ones color combinations.

Chapter 3

3.1. Rainbow roses

On the Internet I saw unusually beautiful roses and learned that these flowers are called rainbow roses and can rightfully be called the most unique flowers. After all, their petals are painted in a variety of colors. One bud can contain yellow, pink, blue, green, red, purple, that is, almost the entire rainbow set. Such a variety of colors creates an absolutely incredible feeling. It is thanks to this variety of colors that it got its name. (Appendix 6)
The rainbow rose comes from Holland. They were created by Peter Van de Werken, who is a brilliant Dutch flower designer, and his assistants.
The path to obtaining this plant was quite long. Rainbow roses were not developed through selective breeding. They are obtained as a result of coloring. According to this technology, even during the period of flower growth, various floral dyes are added to individual capillaries. It is thanks to this technology that rainbow roses were obtained. Unlike those that were previously painted by spraying paint, plants bred using this technology do not paint hands.
Surely everyone will like rainbow roses. In any case, they will leave a lasting impression in your memory.
I really wanted to repeat this experiment, but you can’t use any paint to grow this flower. It has a certain composition, which is currently known only to one Dutch company.
By the way, it is this company that distributes rainbow roses all over the world.

Conclusion

My research work was very interesting and exciting. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, I learned that you can get unusually colored, “magically” colored flowers using the artificial dyeing technique.

Based on theoretical knowledge, I conducted an experiment with dyeing white flowers in different colors using artificial coloring with food coloring.

As a result, I received a bouquet of unusually colored flowers to give amazing bright flowers to my beloved mother and grandmother on March 8th. (Appendix 7)

Using the knowledge I gained, I created a creative presentation album “Magic Flowers” to introduce the wonderful flowers and unusual shades of the resulting bouquets in the lessons “Man and the World” and fine arts.

Based on my observations, I concluded: coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing is to follow the recommendations for coloring flowers.

If you use this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th.

Try it, you will definitely love these bouquets!

List of sources used

Fun scientific experiments for children / Egor Belko; OOO

"Publishing house "PITER", 2015.-63p.

Cognitive experiences at school and at home / Ed. Alistair Smith; Per. from English V. A. Zhukova - Moscow: Rosmen-Izdat LLC, 2001. -96 p.

http://ejka.ru/blog/fokus/1749.html.

http://strana-sovetov.com/.

http://goodmagic.ru/iskusstvennoe-okrashivanie-tsvetov

http://munok.3dn.ru/publ/fokusy/khimicheskie_fokusy/iskusstvennoe_okrashivanie_cvet.

Application

Appendix 1