Installing a pressure switch on the hydraulic accumulator from above. Pressure switch for a hydraulic accumulator: how to install and configure correctly

Electrical diagram for connecting the pressure switch to the hydraulic accumulator

Each group consists of two pairs, and both pairs are closed or opened simultaneously. The contacts in each pair are labeled, for example, “Line/Load” or “Line/Motor”.

In principle, it is not necessary to follow these notations. You can even, for example, connect wires from the network to the “Line” contact of one pair and the “Load” contact of the other.

The main thing is that both wires are not connected to the contacts of one pair - this will lead to short circuit. The wires leading to the pump motor should be connected to the remaining two contacts. It is desirable that the colors of the braids of the cores connected to one pair match. Before you connect network wire, make sure it is not plugged into a power outlet.

To connect the grounding conductor (usually it has a yellow-green braid) there is a screw on the relay body, marked with the corresponding symbol.

When connecting the wire from the relay to the pump motor, the blue-braided wire should be connected to the “zero” contact, and the red or black wire to the “phase” contact.

Often, for reliability, the grounding contacts of the pump and the relay are connected to each other, but this is not necessary.

Pressure switch in a water supply system with a deep pump

The cross-sectional area of ​​the wire cores must correspond to the power of the electric motor. For copper wire The cross section is selected based on 1 sq. mm for every 8 A of current. To determine the current strength in a single-phase network, it is necessary to divide the power of the electric motor by 220. So, for example, in the circuit of an electric motor with a power of 1.5 kW, a current of 1500/220 = 6.8 A will flow.

It is important not to confuse the diameter of the wire core and its cross-sectional area, since these values ​​can be comparable. For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​a core with a diameter of 1.5 mm is 1.76 square meters. mm.

Please note that the electrical connection must be made only after connecting the pressure switch to the water supply.

Nowadays, the lack of centralized water supply is no longer such a problem. big problem. Great variety pumping equipment allows you to arrange autonomous system water supply without much difficulty. , installation and repair, read on.

You will find a water supply diagram for a private house with a storage tank in the topic.

Video on the topic

If supply country house Since water is supplied from a well or well, and not from a centralized system, in most cases water supply schemes with a hydraulic accumulator are used. This allows you to ensure uninterrupted supply, good pressure in the network and extend the service life of pumping equipment.

This article will describe in detail the advantages of using a hydraulic accumulator and options for connecting it to the system. As well as options for laying in-house pipes.

Why do you need a hydraulic accumulator?

Both the well and the well may have insufficient flow (see). In other words, they are not always able to dispense as much water as you need at one time. Sometimes this problem does not arise immediately, but after several years of operation of the source.

It is logical that in this case there should be a supply of water in the house. But not in buckets and cans, but in the system itself. And this can really be achieved if you include a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank in the water supply scheme.

Advantages of a hydraulic accumulator

A storage tank is, as they say, “ last century" It is inconvenient and not practical.

Judge for yourself:

• It must be installed above water consuming rooms, that is, in the attic. This means that it needs insulation, otherwise the water will freeze in winter.
• Nobody cancels the risk of leaks and tank overfilling. It's rare, but it happens. The consequences are easy to imagine.
• Water from storage tank enters the devices under pressure of its own weight. And this is not enough for the normal operation of plumbing fixtures and especially household appliances– washing machine and dishwasher.

This leads to an obvious conclusion: it makes sense to include storage capacity in the system only in small houses for summer use, not equipped modern devices. If you live in a house permanently, a water supply scheme from a hydraulic accumulator is more suitable for you.

And here's why:

• This is a more advanced device - it allows you to adjust the pressure in the system according to your needs;
• The hydraulic tank should also be in a warm room, but this problem is easier to solve, since it does not need to be raised to the highest point. The basement of the house and any technical room are suitable for installation;
• Accordingly, possible leaks are not so terrible: water will not wet the ceilings or damage repairs and furniture.

How does it work

The hydraulic accumulator is a sealed container, internally divided into two sections. A rubber diaphragm or a hollow “bulb” can act as a separator.

Water enters one section, and the other contains air, which, as the first section fills, is compressed, creating pressure on the diaphragm.

As the tank empties when dispensing water, the air pressure drops. When it reaches the minimum limit value, the pressure switch is activated, which starts the pump. He pumps water into the tank again until the pressure reaches maximum.

As a result:

• We have a constant pressure in the system;
• The pump does not turn on every time the tap is turned, so its parts wear out less and last longer;
• The water supply scheme with a hydraulic accumulator allows you to always have a supply of water in case of large amounts of water and the inability of the source to produce the required volume at a time.

The volume of the tank is selected based on the needs of the family. It can be either 5 or 500 liters.

What does the system consist of?

Now let's trace the entire path of water from the well/borehole to the tap farthest from the source.

We bring water into the house

So, we have a water source not far from our house. From there it is laid underground into the house water pipe. It must lie below the freezing level of the soil or be laid together with the heating cable.

This is important. When choosing a place for a well, make sure that the septic tank at the dacha outdoor toilet and other objects that pollute groundwater, were at least 30 meters away from him.

The pipe from the source is connected to the pumping station. Or, if there is a hole in the well, to a hydraulic accumulator. Always installed in front of the pump check valve so that the water from it does not flow back to the source.

If water is needed not only in the house, but also in the yard, after the hydraulic accumulator, a tee with a tap is installed on the pipe coming out of it. The home pipe leads to a water purification system, at the outlet of which a tee is again installed, separating the flows into cold and future hot water.

Now let’s learn more about how to properly connect a hydraulic accumulator with your own hands. It can be stand-alone or part of a pumping station, depending on whether you are using a submersible or surface pump.

Even with explanations to the picture, it is quite difficult to understand what the assembly consists of and what the purpose of each fitting is.

Let's explain:

• If a pumping station is used, all that remains is to connect the assembled unit to it, since a pressure gauge and pressure switch come with it.
• If the pump is located in a well, then the next step is to connect a five-pin fitting through an American one. The diagram below shows what each pin does.

A fine filter or water treatment station is “placed” on the pipe leading to the hydraulic accumulator.

Advice. Before purchasing equipment and assembling it, have your water tested to see what kind of treatment it needs.

Now you can do the internal wiring.

Internal wiring

To supply water to all “consumers”, you need to buy pipes and all kinds of connecting elements. How many of them will be needed? A diagram indicating all elements of the system with distances marked on it will help answer this question.

But first you need to decide which connection method to use.

• Serial connection is easier and cheaper. But with such a connection simultaneous switching on several taps, the pressure at the furthest point from the accumulator will be low.

• A collector connection involves connecting a separate line to each device. They all come out of a common manifold installed at the input. This scheme ensures equal pressure at all points of water consumption. But the cost of plumbing will be significantly higher.

The first method is only suitable for houses with a small number of consumers and a short length of water supply. The second is more practical and effective if we are talking about a private house in which a large family lives and all the necessary equipment is installed.

• After the tee, dividing the total flow into cold and hot branches, into the pipeline cold water a collector is installed with the right amount conclusions. Each of them must have a shut-off valve.

• The second pipe after the tee is connected to the inlet pipe of the water heater.

• The pipe leaving the water heater is also equipped with a manifold, from which the lines diverge to individual consumers.

If you think through everything in advance and do the work carefully, the entire unit for pumping, cleaning, heating and distributing water can fit in a small area - in a corner of the room, a closet or a niche.

The following illustrations will help you better imagine how the different stages of work are performed:

Advice. To reduce pressure loss, try to make fewer turns and angles. For example, you can lay lines under the floor in a straight line from the collector to the water distribution device.

Conclusion

Schemes of water supply systems with a hydraulic accumulator will provide no less comfort in a private house than in an apartment with a centralized supply. If you know and understand the operating principle of the system, you can assemble it yourself. If you have everything necessary tools, it's not much more complicated than assembling a constructor.

For more information and the opportunity to see the process of connecting the most important nodes with your own eyes, watch the video in this article.

The pressure switch for the hydraulic accumulator is fully responsible for its operating mode and the frequency of activation of the pump. This is the main control device of the system. The entire water supply scheme is closely related to the values ​​​​set on it. It is this element that gives the signal to the electric pump to turn on or off.

Place of the device in the water supply system

(GA) consists of a container, a valve for bleeding, a flange, a 5-pin fitting (tee) with couplings for connection, as well as a pressure switch (control unit), which sets the rhythm of all work.

• main control element
• ensures work without overloads
• controls optimal filling of the tank with water
• extends the service life of the membrane and all equipment in general

A pressure gauge that shows the pressure in the tank is included in the kit or can be purchased separately.

The pump pumps water out of the well and directs it through pipes. Next, it enters the GA, and from it into the home pipeline. Task membrane tank– maintain stable pressure, as well as the pump operating cycle. There is a certain maximum activation for it - about 30 per hour. When exceeded, the mechanism experiences loads and through short time may fail. The water pressure switch must be adjusted so that the devices operate as expected, without exceeding the critical load.

Setting up a storage tank means creating the required number of atmospheres in it and correctly setting the pump response thresholds

Design and principle of operation

The device looks like a box of various shapes with controls under the lid. It is attached to one of the outlets of the fitting (tee) of the container. The mechanism is equipped with small springs that are adjusted by turning the nuts.

Operating principle in order:

1. The springs are connected to a membrane that responds to pressure surges. An increase in indicators compresses the spiral, a decrease leads to stretching.
2. The contact group reacts to these actions by closing or opening the contacts, thereby transmitting a signal to the pump. The connection diagram necessarily takes into account the connections of its electrical cable to the device.
3. The storage space fills up and the pressure increases. The spring transmits the pressure force, the device operates according to the set values ​​and turns off the pump, sending it a command to do so.
4. The liquid is consumed - the pressure weakens. This is fixed, the engine turns on.

The assembly consists of the following parts: a housing (plastic or metal), a membrane with a cover, a brass piston, threaded studs, metal plates, cable sleeves, terminal blocks, a hinged platform, sensitive springs, and a contact assembly.

The operating algorithm of the control device is as simple as possible. The mechanism responds to changes in the number of atmospheres inside the drive. The moving platform is raised or lowered by springs depending on the pressure on the piston, which in turn interacts with contacts that signal the pump to start or stop pumping.

Installation

Often the HA kit is sold disassembled, and the control unit must be installed yourself.

Connecting the pressure switch to the hydraulic accumulator looks like this in stages:

1. The station is disconnected from the network. If water has already been pumped into the storage tank, it is drained.
2. The device is fixed permanently. It is screwed onto the 5-pin fitting of the unit or onto the outlet pipe and must be firmly fixed.
3. The wiring diagram is normal: there are contacts for the network, pump, and grounding. The cables are passed through holes on the housing and connected to contact blocks with terminals.

Electrical connection to the pump

Settings

Before adjusting the relay, you need to take into account that its values ​​are inextricably linked with the pressure inside the membrane tank. First you need to create the required amount of pressure inside it, and then move on to working with the control in question.

The adjustment is carried out in 3 stages:

• pressure inside HA
• pump start level
• shutdown mark

For optimal performance it is necessary to adjust the parameters several times empirically, taking into account the water flow, the height of the pipes and the pressure in them.

Indicators inside the accumulator

It is advisable that the pressure adjustment in the accumulator take into account the following examples and rules:

• For one-story house 1 bar is enough, and if the tank is installed in the basement, then add 1 more
• the value must be greater than at the highest point of water intake
• how many atmospheres should be inside the container is determined by the following formula: add 6 to the height of the pipes to the highest point of water intake and divide the result by 10
• if there are many consumption points or the branching of the pipeline is significant, then a little more is added to the resulting figure. How much to add is determined empirically. There is the following rule for this. If the value is too low, then water will not be delivered to the devices. If it is too high, the HA will be constantly empty, the pressure will be too strong, and there will also be a risk of membrane rupture.

In order to increase the pressure in the accumulator, air is pumped up with an ordinary bicycle pump (there is a special spool on the body); to lower it, it is vented. The pneumatic valve for this purpose is located under decorative overlay. The procedure must be done in the absence of water pressure, which requires simply closing the taps.

The value of the indicators is determined by a pressure gauge connected to the spool. The correction is made after the pump has turned off. The pressure difference is created by opening the tap at the nearest point.

Manufacturers standardly set the pressure in the tank to 1,5 – 2,5 bar. Its increase reduces usable space inside the container and increases the pressure in the system - this must be taken into account when calculating.

Basics of adjusting thresholds

There are two springs with nuts: the larger one is responsible for the values ​​for turning off the pump, the smaller one is for turning it on. The bolts are loosened or tightened, thereby making adjustments.

Setting up the accumulator pressure switch will be of high quality if you follow these rules:

• the average recommended difference between the values ​​for turning the pump on and off is 1 - 1.5 atm
• the pressure inside the HA must be lower than the set value to turn on the pump by 10%. Example: if the activation mark is set to 2.5 bar, and the switch off mark is set to 3.5 bar, then there should be 2.3 bar inside the container
• the hydraulic accumulator and control unit have their own load limits - when purchasing, you need to check whether they coincide with the calculations for the system (pipe height, number of intake points, flow rate)

The mechanism in question controls the maximum and minimum pressure in the tank. It maintains the difference in its values ​​when the station is activated and switched off. The limit of its settings depends on the power and hourly flow rate of the pump.

Factory parameters are indicated in the product data sheet. Usually they are like this:

• limit limits – 1 – 5 atm
• pump operating range – 2.5 atm
• starting point – 1.5 atm
• maximum switch-off level – 5 atm

Preparation and example of setting the required values

Preparation:

• tank is connected
• the control unit is adjusted under pressure, the system is not disconnected from the power supply
• inside the unit the pressure should be 10 - 13% lower than that of the pumping station. That is, approximately 0.6 - 0.9 atm than the mark at which the engine turns on
• all taps are closed
• the set level is checked with a pressure gauge within an hour to make sure there are no leaks
• remove the block housing cover to have access to the nuts and observe the springs

Setting with an example of setting the marks 3.2 atm to turn off and 1.9 atm to turn on (two-story house):

1. Start the pump to determine the pressure in the system. It should fill the storage part of the device and increase the pressure.
2. They determine at what pressure gauge reading the shutdown will occur (usually no more than 2 atm.) When exceeded, a small spring comes into action, which is clearly visible.
3. The motor is stopped above 3.2 - 3.3 atm, this figure is reduced by rotating the nut on the small spring a quarter turn, since it is very sensitive, until the motor turns on.
4. They check with a pressure gauge: 3 - 3.2 atm will be enough.
5. Turn on the tap to relieve the pressure and so that the HA is freed from the liquid and record the pump activation mark with a pressure gauge, usually 2.5 atm - the lower pressure indicator has been reached.
6. To reduce the lower threshold, rotate the large spring bolt counterclockwise. Next, start the pump until the pressure rises to the required level, after which you need to check the pressure with a pressure gauge. An acceptable value is 1.8 – 1.9 atm. When “failure” occurs, the nut is rotated clockwise.
7. Once again they adjust the small spring a little, clarifying the already set thresholds.

The adjustment bolts are very sensitive - turning just 3/4 of a turn can add 1 atm. The pressure of the switched-on pump should be 0.1 - 0.3 atm higher than in an empty storage tank, which will prevent damage to the “bulb” inside it.

The setup process in brief

For a better understanding of how to set up a pressure switch, we will outline the process more clearly:

• pump activation mark ( minimum pressure): rotating the large spring bolt clockwise increases the starting mark, counterclockwise decreases it;
• value for shutdown: move the small spring, when tightening - the pressure difference increases, when unscrewing - the actuation mark decreases;
• the result is checked by opening the tap and draining the water, recording the moment the pump is turned on;
• The internal pressure force is adjusted by deflating or pumping air and checking this with a pressure gauge.

Increasing the factory switching parameters (above 1.5 atm) creates a risk of critical load on the hydraulic tank membrane. The operating range of the pump is adjusted taking into account the maximum possible load for the water fittings. The sealing rings of household taps can withstand a maximum of 6 atm.

Maintenance, problems, operation

Preventative actions and repairs:

• mechanical sensitive parts need to be checked and adjusted
• It is advisable to clean the contacts
• If it doesn’t work, don’t rush to disassemble the mechanism - first try lightly tapping the body with a not too heavy object
• Rocker joints are lubricated with grease once a year
• do not tighten the adjustment nuts completely - the mechanism will not work

If the device does not hold pressure, does not work correctly, or does not work at all, refrain from hasty conclusions and do not throw it away. Dust, debris, sand in the membrane space prevent it from reacting normally. Steps to fix the problem are:

1. Unscrew the 4 bolts on the bottom, remove the cover with the inlet pipe and the cover.
2. Carefully rinse the membrane and the cavities around it.
3. Install all elements in reverse order.
4. Set the thresholds again and carry out a test run.

Experts recommend that before setting up the relay correctly, do not exceed the upper threshold by more than 80% of the maximum permissible values ​​for a particular model, which are indicated in the instructions (standard about 5 - 5.5 atm.).

For high-quality operation, there should be no air in the pipeline. Periodically (once every 3-6 months) you need to check the set response thresholds, pressure indicators in the HA, and bleed or pump in air. Before you start setting up, you need to find out whether the pressure switch for the hydraulic accumulator and the unit itself can withstand the required loads, and whether its technical capabilities meet them.