Gatov Leonard Grigorievich
Gatov Leonard Grigorievich, born in Rostov-on-Don on January 13, 1937, died on June 23, 2007, CEO, artistic director of the state theater and concert institution “Krasnodar Creative Association “Premiere”. Graduated in 1960 Stavropol Regional Music School (department of wind instruments), later Krasnodar State University culture. He created the Premiere association and actively and creatively worked to improve the theater and concert activities of the association and the institution’s staff. Together with the outstanding choreographer of our time, Yuri Grigorovich, he worked on the formation of classical ballet in Krasnodar. He achieved recognition of the Premiere team not only in the Krasnodar region, but also in the country and in the world. Gatov Leonard Grigorievich People's Artist of Russia, Honorary Citizen of Krasnodar. He was awarded the medal Hero of Labor of Kuban, the Order of Friendship, medals “For Contribution to the Development of Kuban”, and was awarded the State Prize named after. Volkova.
Grigorovich Yuri Nikolaevich
Grigorovich Yuri Nikolaevich, born in 1927 in Leningrad, studied at the Leningrad Choreographic School. Outstanding choreographer. He worked in 1961-1964 at the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater, in 1964-1995. The chief choreographer of the Bolshoi Theater during the peak period of the troupe, which won worldwide recognition and authority, has been working at the Bolshoi Theater again since 2001. In 1996, Grigorovich Yu. N. staged the first production in Krasnodar - a suite from the ballet “The Golden Age” by D. Shostakovich, director of the Krasnodar Ballet Theater and full-time choreographer of the ballet troupe as part of the Krasnodar creative association “Premiere”. The theater has staged masterpieces of world classics: “Swan Lake”, “The Nutcracker”, “Giselle”, “Spartacus”, “Don Quixote”, “Romeo and Juliet”, “The Golden Age”.
Grigorovich Yuri Nikolaevich, People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Lenin and twice State Prizes. Awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, I degree. Hero of Socialist Labor. For services in the Krasnodar region he was awarded the medal “Hero of Labor of Kuban”.
Likhonosov Viktor Ivanovich
Likhonosov Viktor Ivanovich, born in Art. Topki, Kemerovo region, April 30, 1936, famous writer Kuban and countries. Graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of the Krasnodar Pedagogical Institute. He worked as a teacher in the Anapa region. Published since 1963. Stories and novellas: “Bryansk”, “Housewife”, “Relatives”, “Autumn in Taman”, “Clean Eyes”, “I Love You Brightly”, “On Shirokaya Street”. Many years of work about Ekaterinodar - Krasnodar, its history and people, their characters, way of life and life, the novel “Unwritten Memories. Our little Paris."
Viktor Ivanovich Likhonosov, member of the Supreme Creative Council under the board of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation,” editor of the literary and historical magazine “Native Kuban”, laureate of the State Prize of Russia, the International Prize named after M. Sholokhov. Awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, the Order of St. Sergei of Rodonezh, III degree. Hero of Labor of Kuban.
Varrava Ivan Fedorovich
Varrava Ivan Fedorovich, a famous Kuban poet, was born on February 25, 1925 in the village of Novobataysk, Rostov region, into a family of immigrants from the Kuban, in 1932. the family returned to Kuban. Hereditary Cossack.
In 1942 he went to the front, walked the battle path to Berlin, and left a poetic inscription on the walls of the Reistag. He was seriously wounded. He has many military awards, orders: Patriotic War, 1st degree, Red Star, Badge of Honor. He began to publish in front-line newspapers. He graduated from the Literary Institute, worked at the USSR Ministry of Culture, but returned to his native Kuban. He collected Cossack songs, did a lot for the revival of the Kuban Cossack Choir, with his participation the almanac “Kuban” was created, was the executive secretary of the Krasnodar regional organization of writers, a member of the editorial board of the almanac Kuban and was on the board of the magazine “Native Kuban”. The creative activity of Varrava Ivan Fedorovich is very fruitful, he has published dozens of collections of works, such as: “Songs of the Cossacks of the Kuban”, “Cossack Land”, “Fire of the Adonis”, “Youth of the Saber”, “Wheat Surf”, Song of the Guide”, “Flowers and Stars” ", "Falcon Steppe", "Cossack Way", "The Kubanushka River Runs", "Riders of the Blizzard" and a number of others.
He was awarded various prizes for his literary activities.
Hero of Labor of Kuban.
In Russia in last years Competitions such as “Name of Russia”, “Military Glory of Russia” and so on have become quite popular, identifying historical figures, generals, cultural figures who played a special role in Russian history. Our small homeland, of course, has people who, without exaggeration, can be called “outstanding.” "Novaya Gazeta Kuban" decided to compile its "ten most outstanding people of Kuban"
The year 1793 was chosen as the starting point - the year of the founding of Yekaterinodar, the beginning of the development of Kuban by the Cossacks. Of course, interesting pages can be found earlier in the history of Kuban, but still the Bosporan kings and Sarmatian leaders are hardly perceived as something close to them. We decided to exclude from the list historical figures whose outstanding role in the history of Kuban is undeniable, but the acts that made these figures historical were still accomplished in other places. So Catherine the Great, Alexander Suvorov, Georgy Zhukov, Mikhail Lermontov will also remain outside the scope this list. I will also note that this article will outline my subjective view of those people who left the most noticeable mark in the history of Kuban. For convenience, their list is posted in chronological order- from the foundation of the city to the present day.
Speaking about the Cossacks-Cossacks, who once laid the foundation for our city, it is difficult to single out any one person: what is not a name is already history, a legend, already a noticeable mark in the history of Ekaterinodar-Krasnodar. And yet, among all these Cossack atamans, esauls and Cossack foremen, I would especially highlight the figure of a military judge - the ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army, a brave warrior, a talented diplomat and organizer Anton Golovaty.
He was born into the family of a Little Russian foreman in the village of Novye Sanzhary in the Poltava region. He received a good education at home, which he continued at the Kyiv Bursa, where his extraordinary abilities in science, languages, literary and musical gifts were revealed - Anton composed poems and songs, sang well and played the bandura. In 1757, Anton appeared in the Sich and enrolled in the Kushchevsky (according to other sources, Vasyurinsky) kuren. In 1762, he was elected ataman at the same time, thanks to this appointment, he was included in the delegation of Zaporozhye Cossacks that went to St. Petersburg for the celebrations of the coronation of Catherine II, where he was introduced to the empress. In 1768, he was appointed military clerk, which corresponded to the rank of regimental foreman.
He took an active part in the sea campaigns of the Cossacks in the Russian-Turkish War of 1768 - 1774. At the end of the war, the results of which were the annexation of the lands between the Bug and the Dnieper to Russia, the Cossacks hoped to take possession of part of these lands, in return for those Sichs who Russian government distributed to landowners from Great Russia. Golovaty, as an experienced debater in land matters, was included in the delegation of Zaporozhye Cossacks under the leadership of Sidor Bely to St. Petersburg in 1774. The delegation was supposed to petition the Empress for the return of the Cossacks to their former Sich lands - “liberties” - and the granting of new “liberties”. The delegation in St. Petersburg faced failure: in June 1775, the Sich was liquidated. Being outside the Sich at that moment (on the way from St. Petersburg to the Sich) saved the members of the delegation from punishment and disgrace.
During Catherine the Great's trip to Crimea, the deputation former Cossacks, which included Anton Golovaty, petitioned the Empress in Kremenchug to organize the “Troops of Loyal Cossacks” from former Cossacks. Consent was given. The army recruited “hunters” into two detachments - mounted and on foot (for service on Cossack boats). Golovaty was appointed head of the foot detachment. On January 22, 1788, he was elected military judge of the entire newly created army - the second figure in the Cossack hierarchy after the military chieftain. With the beginning Russian-Turkish war 1787 - 91 the army of loyal Cossacks took an active part in it. In the summer of 1788, the Cossack "gulls" under the command of Golovaty successfully proved themselves during the siege of Ochakov, after which the detachment of Cossack boats was transformed into the Black Sea Cossack flotilla, the command of which was entrusted to Golovaty. On November 7 of the same year, the Cossacks and their flotilla stormed the fortified island of Berezan, after the fall of which Ochakov was soon captured. For this, Golovaty was awarded his first award - in May 1789 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. And on November 24, 1789 Anton Golovaty was promoted to Cossack colonel.
After the conclusion of peace, the army of loyal Cossacks was given new Russian lands obtained as a result of the war, along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Bug rivers, and the army itself was renamed the Black Sea Cossack army. However, the allocated land was not enough for the Black Sea people, and in 1792, at the head of the Cossack delegation, Golovaty went to the capital with the aim of presenting Catherine II with a petition to provide land to the Black Sea Cossack army in the Taman region and the “surroundings”, in return for the selected Sich lands. Golovaty asked to allocate land to the army not only in Taman and the Kerch Peninsula (to which Potemkin had already agreed back in 1788), but also land on the right bank of the Kuban River, then not yet inhabited by anyone. Golovaty’s education and diplomacy played a role in the success of the enterprise: at the audience he spoke Latin and managed to convince Catherine of the universal benefits of such a resettlement - the Black Sea Cossacks were granted lands in Taman and Kuban “for eternal and hereditary possession.”
Upon arrival in Kuban, until the fall, Golovaty was engaged in demarcating military land and building own home. In the fall, together with the military clerk Timofey Kotyarevsky, he compiled a civil code of the Black Sea people, “The Order of Common Benefit,” according to which the region was divided into 40 kurens. In January 1794, the first military council met in their new homeland. At it, the “Order…” was approved, the name of the regional capital was approved - Yekaterinodar, and the kuren atamans received kuren plots by casting lots - lyas.
In 1794, military chieftain Zakhary Chepega was sent with a regiment of Cossacks to suppress the Polish uprising. Golovaty remained the first person in the army. He was involved in the construction of a military harbor for the Cossack flotilla in the Kiziltash estuary and helped the regular Russian army in the construction of the Phanagorian fortress. Golovaty also took care of attracting professional builders, artisans, teachers, doctors and pharmacists from Little Russia.
In 1796, Golovaty received the rank of brigadier and took part in the Russian campaign against Persia under the command of Valerian Zubov. On February 26, 1796, the regiments set out on a campaign from Ekaterinodar to Astrakhan, where they were put on ships and departed for Baku by the Caspian Sea. Golovaty was entrusted with command of the Caspian flotilla and those attached to it landing troops. In mid-November of the same year, Commander Fyodor Apraksin dies. Golovaty was appointed in his place - commander of the ground forces and the Caspian flotilla. After the death of Catherine, Paul ordered the end of this military campaign and the return of the expedition to Russia. Diseases began in the detachment, which claimed the lives of many Cossacks, including their commander. At that moment, in the capital of the Black Sea Cossacks, Yekaterinodar, military ataman Zakhary Chepega died. Golovaty was elected by the Cossacks as ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army. He never learned of his election. On the way back from the Persian campaign, Anton Golovaty died on the island of Kamyshevan on January 28, 1797.
Another one famous person the beginning of the development of Kuban by the Cossacks, archpriest Kirill Rossinsky- the first educator of the Black Sea Cossack army. He was born on March 17, 1774 in Novomirgorod in the family of a priest. He studied at the Novorossiysk Theological Seminary, where, after completing the course, Rossinsky became a teacher of the information class and the Law of God. In June 1798, he was ordained a priest and, leaving teaching service, on August 24 he was appointed a priest for the Novomirgorod Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, and in 1800 he was elevated to the rank of archpriest and transferred to the city of Taganrog. In 1803, at the request of the entire Black Sea army, Rossinsky was appointed by Athanasius, Archbishop of Ekaterinoslav, to the city of Ekaterinodar as the military archpriest of the Black Sea army and at the same time the first present of the Ekaterinodar Spiritual Board.
Rossinsky was an extraordinary person; he was distinguished by his varied interests: he read a lot, wrote poetry, and was even known as a skilled doctor. He was also known as a writer and contributor to the magazines “Competitor of Enlightenment” and “Ukrainian Herald”. He was a member of the Kharkov Society of Sciences, which counted him among its external members in the department of verbal sciences, the Imperial Humane Society, and an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. At his suggestion, a military singing choir was created, which became an excellent creative team and custodian of folk songs.
Rossinsky was also involved in the establishment of new schools and the spread of literacy among the Cossacks. With his participation, the first Ekaterinodar school was transformed into a college in 1806 so that “young hearts could be educated.” It taught: grammar, the basics of geometry and natural sciences, geography, history, as well as “instruction in the positions of man and citizen” (as the rules of morality, duty and honor of a Russian citizen were called two centuries ago). Ataman Fyodor Bursak appointed Kirill Rossinsky to the honorary position of caretaker of the Ekaterinodar School. Later, Rossinsky opened parochial schools in Taman, the villages of Shcherbinovskaya, Bryukhovetskaya, Grivenskaya, Rogovskaya and Temryuk.
In 1820, a gymnasium was created in Yekaterinodar at the suggestion of Rossinsky and with his participation. She was located near the fortress, in spacious house, in which the first Kuban ataman Chepega once lived. Rossinsky becomes the first director of the military gymnasium. Here he collects a large library, opens a mineralogy cabinet and an archaeological museum. At his suggestion, the teaching of military sciences began at the gymnasium.
He lived only about fifty years, but accomplished a lot. He often refused his salary in favor of the poor and tirelessly helped those in need. In 1825, the Kuban Cossack Army petitioned General A.P. Ermolov about financial assistance to Kirill Rossinsky, since “the selfless and honest archpriest fell into extreme poverty towards the end of his life.” Rossinsky is given an allowance of five thousand rubles and decides to award him the Order of St. Anna, II degree, decorated with diamonds. But Kirill Vasilyevich did not have time to rejoice at his well-deserved awards: on December 12, 1825, he died. Rossinsky was buried in the Ekaterinodar Resurrection Cathedral.
Initially and until the mid-19th century, Kuban was a kind of frontier Russian history: border territory where Kuban Cossacks and Russian soldiers were forced to repel the raids of warlike highlanders over and over again. And naturally, successful commanders, Cossack atamans and Russian officers also made a huge contribution to the formation of today’s Kuban. Among them stands out a controversial, very controversial figure of a man who nevertheless played a significant role in the history of Kuban, a cavalry general, commander of the Kuban line, Baron Grigory Khristoforovich von Sass.
A native of an old Westphalian family, a hereditary military man, a participant in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-1814, in 1820 he went to serve in the Caucasus, where in 1833 he became the head of the Batalpaschinsky department of the Kuban line. Already in the second month of his leadership of the Batalpashinsky section, Zass undertook the first successful military expedition into enemy territory. Zass formulated the main principle of his tactics as follows: “It is better to be held accountable for crossing the Kuban than to leave predators without prosecution.” Encouraged by success, Zass made several more Trans-Kuban expeditions in August - October 1833. At the same time, Zass showed brilliant mastery of all the specific techniques of the Caucasian war: ambushes, rapid attacks, false retreats, etc. In 1835, Zass was awarded a golden saber with the inscription “For bravery” and appointed commander of the entire Kuban line. His military skill and great personal courage earned him great fame both among his comrades and among his enemies. Andrei Rosen in “Notes of the Decembrist” noted: “None of the leaders of the Russian army were so afraid of the Circassians, and not one of them enjoyed such fame among the mountaineers as this original Courlander. His military cunning was as remarkable and worthy of surprise as his fearlessness, and at the same time he also revealed an extraordinary ability to study the character of the Caucasian peoples." Zass's bravery and especially incredible knowledge of the enemy's affairs earned him the reputation among the mountaineers as a man associated with otherworldly forces. In 1840, Zass took the post of commander of the right flank of the Caucasian line, stretching from the village of Vasyurinskaya on the border of the Black Sea army west to the mouth of the Laba and further up it to Georgievsk. By 1843, he founded the villages of Urupskaya, Voznesenskaya, Chemlykskaya and Labinskaya. Armavir, which grew up on the site of one of these settlements, owes its existence to Zassu, when representatives of the “Circassian Armenians” (Circassogai) in 1836 turned to von Sass with a request to “accept them under the protection of Russia and give them the means to settle near the Russians.” The resettlement of the Circassian people to the place chosen by Grigory Zass took place in April 1839. Zass himself wrote in his memoirs that “in the same month (May 1839) I resettled those I had brought out of the mountains in 1839 to the left bank of the Kuban opposite the Strong Trench Armenians, who, together with those taken from Lieutenant Colonel Petisov, amounted to about 300 families." This date can be considered the final date of the founding of Armavir, which played an important role in the annexation of the Trans-Kuban region to Russia.
Of non-Kuban origin, but, of course, a significant personality in the history of the Kuban region was Nikolay Karmalin, ataman of the Kuban Cossack army in 1873-83.
Originally from Ryazan nobles, participant Caucasian War, he remained one of the most notable historical figures of Kuban, perhaps in its entire history. The Caucasian War had recently ended, and the Cossack region, which had been on the frontier for several decades, needed to be returned to peaceful life. And Nikolai Karmalin coped with this task quite well. Kuban historian and writer Fyodor Shcherbina wrote about this undoubtedly outstanding person:
“The name of this ataman will always be associated with the general economic rise of the region and its cultural growth, which accompanied Nikolai Nikolaevich’s management of the Kuban Cossacks and the region. Nikolai Nikolaevich was not only an outstanding administrator, but also a highly educated boss and a rare person for the population. Solid education, extensive erudition in the field of economic and social issues, wide familiarity with the matter, ease of use and deep interest in the needs of the region and the Cossacks - these are the main features that permeated Nikolai Nikolaevich’s activities in the Kuban region from beginning to end.”
Under Karmalin, the region began to develop rapidly. Industry appeared. The Cossack villages began to rapidly grow rich. The production of marketable grain developed widely both due to the diligence and hard work of the Cossacks freed from excessive military burden, and due to the efforts of nonresidents. Representatives of the intelligentsia and entrepreneurs began to come to Kuban, and secondary education developed. The economic development of the region, agriculture, trade, communications, village self-government, Cossack communal land orders, school affairs, study of the region, etc. - all this attracted the attention of Nikolai Nikolaevich, he treated all this with rare interest and care. His wife, Lyubov Karmalina, in 1874 became the chairman of the board of the Ekaterinodar Women's Charitable Society. In 1975 she contributed to the creation of the Kuban Economic Society. Since 1877 - member of the board of the Kuban Women's Mariinsky Institute.
To tell the truth, both the Kuban region and the Krasnodar region were and remain remote provinces, without claims to any special role in Russian state. Only once did our region try to become not an object, but a real subject of politics, both domestic and international. And this was connected with the name of the ideological inspirer of the Kuban Republic, the real (without any irony) “father of Kuban democracy,” a prominent political and public figure of the beginning of the last century, Mikola Ryabovol.
He was born in 1883 in the village of Dinskaya in the family of a village clerk. It took a lot of work for the father to teach his first-born son in the primary classes of the Ekaterinodar Military real school, and Mikola himself had to raise funds to continue his education in high school. In 1905 - 1907, Ryabovol studied at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, but due to lack of funds (according to the Ukrainian version, due to participation in student performances) he stopped studying in the third year. This did not stop him from making a quick career when, in 1907, his father founded a credit cooperative, where Ryabovol became his parent’s assistant. In 1909, the village delegated him to the founding congress on the construction of the cooperative Kuban-Black Sea railway. Here he was elected to the organizing committee and took on the responsibility of approving the road charter by the authorities, as well as bank financing of the enterprise and the selection of construction and technical personnel. After the successful completion of the task in 1912, Ryabovol was promoted to the post of one of the directors of the board. In 1915, Mikola Ryabovol was mobilized into the army and sent to study at the military engineering school, which he successfully completed, receiving the rank of ensign. He continued his service in a sapper unit in Finland, where he met the February Revolution. In 1917, Mikola Ryabovol returned home from Finland to Kuban. And on April 30 - May 3, 1917, a meeting of the Cossacks took place in Yekaterinodar, where a Cossack government was formed - the Kuban Military Rada, of which Mikola Ryabovol was elected chairman
Under the leadership of Ryabovol, in September 1917 the Military Rada renamed itself the Kuban Regional Rada. At this session, the first Kuban “constitution” (“Temporary provisions on higher authorities authorities in the Kuban region"). According to it, the Legislative Council became the highest legislative body, and the executive power was the Kuban regional government and the military ataman, who had presidential powers and the right to veto adopted laws. In November 1917, Ryabovol was elected chairman of the Legislative Rada. It was he initiated the proclamation of the Kuban Republic on January 8, 1918.
The Kuban People's Republic, which opposed the Bolsheviks, initially entered into an alliance with the Ukrainian power of the hetman and with the Volunteer Army of General Lavr Kornilov. The Rada could not defend Yekaterinodar on its own, and there was simply no alternative to an alliance with volunteers. Moreover, the Cossack federalists found a common language with the ancestral Cossack Kornilov. However, after the death of Lavr Grigorievich, the Volunteer Army was led by the convinced centralizer Denikin. Relations between the Rada and the White Army deteriorated every day. Mikola Ryabovol contrasted the idea of the “One and Indivisible” with the idea of the “Free Union of Free Peoples”. To implement this plan, he initiated a conference with the participation of representatives of the Cossacks of the Don, Terek and Kuban. On the day of departure for Rostov, the chairman of the Military Rada dined with close friends. Suddenly Ryabovol said: “But I’m still sure that the volunteers will kill me - now or later, but they will still kill me...”
On June 13, 1919, the conference began its work. At it Ryabovol spoke about the need for unification state entities Ukraine, Kuban, Don, Terek, Georgia to fight the Bolsheviks and unite on democratic principles. He sharply criticized the ideology and policies of the Volunteer Army, although he also saw it as part of the future Union. And the next day the prediction came true - Mikola Ryabovol was killed. Although the killer was never found, many believed that this was the work of Denikin’s counterintelligence. Three days of mourning were declared in Kuban. The ceremonial funeral took place on June 19 in Yekaterinodar. In Soviet times, the name of Nikolai Ryabovol was actually banned; only the Cossacks passed down the song “On the Death of Mykola Ryabovol” (author Miron Zaporozhets) from generation to generation, as a people’s lament for all the countless victims of our bloody history.
Another extremely controversial, but very famous historical figure of Kuban during the civil war is General Andrey Shkuro, a native of the village of Pashkovskaya. He took part in the First World War, where, as part of the 3rd Caucasian Army Corps, he took part in heavy battles in the South- Western Front in Galicia. Shkuro was wounded several times, and for his courage and skillful command of a platoon in the Battle of Galicia he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 4th degree. At the beginning of November 1914, A.G. Shkuro, in the battles near Radom, together with the Don people, captured a large number of Austrians, as well as guns and machine guns, for which he was awarded the St. George's Arms. In 1915, “for excellence in business,” Shkuro was promoted to esaul. Having recovered from another wound and taking advantage of the calm at the front, he proposes to the command a project for the formation of a special forces detachment. Having received approval, Shkuro in December 1915 - January 1916. organizes the Kuban cavalry detachment from Kuban Cossacks special purpose, which operates behind enemy lines on the Western Front, in the Minsk province and in the southern Carpathians: raids, destruction of bridges, artillery depots, convoys. The black banner of the Kuban Special Purpose Cavalry Detachment with the image of a wolf's head, a hat made of wolf fur, and a battle cry imitating a wolf's howl gave rise to the unofficial name of Shkuro's detachment - "Wolf Hundred". After the revolution of 1917, Andrei Shkuro becomes an active participant white movement, Shkuro organizes a partisan detachment in the Kislovodsk region, where his family lived at that time. In May - June 1918, the detachment carried out raids on Stavropol, Essentuki and Kislovodsk occupied by the Reds. In June 1918, Shkuro's detachment occupied Stavropol, where it united with the approaching volunteer army of General Denikin. At the end of 1918 - beginning of 1919, Shkuro took part in battles in the Caucasus, and on November 9 (22), 1918, Shkuro was appointed head of the Caucasian Cavalry (in November - 1st Caucasian Cossack) division, deployed from the Kuban partisan separate brigade; On November 30 (December 13) he was promoted to major general for military distinction. In the spring - summer of 1919, Shkuro's corps took part in the battles in Ukraine for Kharkov and Yekaterinoslav. On 2 July 1919, for his heroic actions alongside the British forces, King George V awarded him the Order of the Bath. During the Moscow campaign, Shkuro's 3rd Kuban Corps was tasked with occupying Voronezh, which the Cossacks successfully did on September 17, 1919, taking 13,000 prisoners and a lot of weapons. However, in October, the Reds launched a large-scale attack on Voronezh on several sectors of the front, and on October 11, Shkuro and Mamontov abandoned the city, which Budyonny’s cavalry occupied, and began to retreat south. During the "Novorossiysk disaster" for Shkuro's corps, as for many other units armed forces in the south of Russia, there was not enough space on the ships, so he moved to Tuapse and further to Sochi. From there he was transported by separate detachments to Crimea. As a single body, the corps ceased to exist. After the Civil War, Shkuro lived in exile, and with the outbreak of WWII he took the side of Germany, guided by the principle “even with the devil, but against the Bolsheviks.” However, Shkuro himself did not take personal part in the fighting of World War II. In 1945, according to the decisions of the Yalta Conference, the British interned Shkuro and other Cossacks in Austria and then handed them over to the Soviet Union. By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, Shkuro, together with P. N. Krasnov, Helmut von Pannwitz, Timofey Domanov, was sentenced to hanging and executed in Moscow on January 16, 1947.
Another Kuban Cossack, a participant in the white movement, who ended his life in the USSR, one of the first air aces of Russia, a military pilot Russian Empire, Vyacheslav Tkachev.
He was born in 1885 in the village of Kelermesskaya, Maikop department of the Kuban region. Graduated from Nizhny Novgorod cadet corps and the Konstantinovsky Artillery School in 1906. He began his service in the 2nd Kuban Battery. In 1911, having observed the first airplane flights in Russia in Odessa, he begged the command to send him at public expense to private school at the local flying club. Then, on the recommendation of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, he entered the Sevastopol Aviation School, which he graduated with honors. In 1913, he made a record flight on a Newport along the route Kyiv - Odessa - Kerch - Taman - Yekaterinodar and at the same time participated in the formation and training of the first large aviation unit of the Russian army - the 3rd air company in Kyiv. By the beginning of the First World War, he received a new assignment: on August 1, 1914, he was already the commander of the 20th corps aviation detachment. In December 1914, on the southwestern front, the commander of the aviation detachment, Vyacheslav Tkachev, carrying only a revolver pistol, was the first among Russian pilots to attack a German albatross airplane and, by his actions, forced the enemy to retreat. Being an excellent pilot, Tkachev had outstanding organizational skills and the ability to make theoretical generalizations. It was he who was one of the initiators of the creation of special fighter units and even published the book “Material on Air Combat Tactics.” At the beginning of 1917, Lieutenant Colonel V. Tkachev was appointed commander of an air division, then an aviation inspector of the southwestern front, and on June 6, 1917, he became the head of the field department of aviation and aeronautics at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
On November 19, 1917, having learned about the upcoming occupation of the Commander-in-Chief's headquarters by arriving Petrograd soldiers led by the new Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Warrant Officer Krylenko, Tkachev submitted his resignation, and the next day, without waiting for an answer, he voluntarily left for the front. In the note he left, he addressed the chairman of the aviation council with a final appeal. In it, he explained his departure as follows:
“Considering it my moral duty to the Motherland in its difficult days of trials to work, fighting with all our might and means against the terrible poison carried by the criminals of the people and the state - the Bolsheviks, and not sit under arrest, I submitted a report on November 19 to the chief of staff with a request to dismiss me from position occupied..."
Having made his way to Kuban, Tkachev, after much ordeal, finally comes into the possession of the regional government. Since the Whites had practically no aviation, Vyacheslav Matveyevich was sent to Ukraine to Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky as a military foreman of the Kuban Emergency Mission. History is silent about how successful this mission was, but, in any case, he managed to get something from aviation property, because after returning to Ekaterinodar he began to form the 1st Kuban air detachment. In 1920, Tkachev headed the Russian Army Air Force under Lieutenant General Baron Wrangel in Crimea. In June 1920, in southern Russia, as the Red Army pushed back Polish troops, General Wrangel advanced into Ukraine. Active participation At this time, assault squadrons armed with English DH-9 aircraft under the command of General Vyacheslav Tkachev took part in combat operations. They managed to cause serious damage ground forces Red Army. For this company he was awarded a very rare award - the Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
After the evacuation from Crimea, Tkachev settled in Yugoslavia, where he began teaching. During World War II, Tkachev, unlike many other veterans of the white movement, refused to cooperate with the Nazis in their war against Soviet Union and lived in Belgrade as a private individual. When Soviet troops approached Belgrade in October 1944, Vyacheslav Tkachev refused to evacuate, and on October 20, 1944 he was arrested by SMERSH of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, after which he was taken to Moscow, where he received 10 years as an enemy of the people. After serving his full term, Tkachev returned to Kuban, where in the last years of his life he lived in Krasnodar, worked in the artel of disabled bookbinders named after. Chapaev for 27 rubles 60 kopecks. Tkachev is the author of several notes, the story about Nesterov “Russian Falcon” and the memoirs “Wings of Russia”. He died in 1965 in poverty.
The most outstanding figure of the Cossack Kuban in its entire history can rightfully be called the senior contemporary of Ryabovol, Shkuro and Tkachev, Kuban Cossack politician and public figure, historian, founder of Russian budget statistics, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, member of the Kuban Rada, head of the Supreme Court of the Kuban People's Republic, poet, writer "old Kuban did" Fedor Shcherbina.
Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich was born on February 13 (26), 1849 in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya Kuban region. He received his education at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and Novorossiysk University. Before entering the academy, together with his comrades, he organized an agricultural artel in the Kuban region, in which he worked as a simple worker. Perhaps this life and work among the common people prompted Shcherbina to study folk life.
In 1884, he took over the management of the statistical work of the Voronezh provincial zemstvo, where he worked for eighteen years, in 1903 he was administratively expelled from the Voronezh province (gained the opportunity to return in 1904) and lived for some time on his estate near Gelendzhik, Black Sea province. During these same years, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Vladikavkaz Railway, carried out economic and statistical studies of the area of this route; the results of these works were published in 1892 - 1894. under the title "General outline of the economic, commercial and industrial conditions of the Vladikavkaz railway region."
Since 1896, Shcherbina was the head of an expedition to explore the steppe regions (Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Turgai), equipped by the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. Shcherbina devoted a lot of work to the study of the land community and artels, published articles: “Solvychegodsk land community” in “Notes of the Fatherland” for 1874 and “Land community in the Dnieper district” in “Russian Thought” for 1880 and others.
Shcherbina's works, as a zemstvo statistician, are characterized by an introduction to statistical accounting, along with production processes and the phenomena of exchange, circulation, monetary processes, and consumption of the people in general; the study of the budgets of peasants in the Voronezh province served as a prototype for all similar works by other Russian statisticians. Subsequently, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Kuban Cossack Army, was busy compiling the history of the Cossacks; as a result, he published a two-volume book, “The History of the Kuban Cossack Army.”
Besides scientific activity, Fyodor Shcherbina was actively involved in social and political activity. In 1907, he was elected to the Second State Duma in the Kuban region. He joined the Cossack group and the People's Socialist Party. Adhering to generally liberal views, he tried to legislatively promote the solution of the most pressing agrarian issue for Russia, taking the position of the People's Socialist Party. At parliamentary meetings, a deputy from the Cossacks spoke in favor of expanding the rights of the Duma to form the budget, for the nationalization of land and “the creation of a nationwide land fund, managed by the authorities local government, the replenishment of which would occur through the alienation of privately owned lands at public expense." Dispersal II State Duma did not dissuade F.A. Shcherbin in the possibility of a peaceful reformist transformation of Russia. But he now expected greater results not from actions across the entire country and not “from above,” seeking concessions from the government, but in a particular region and “from below,” using and creatively developing the people’s initiative. The basis for such an experiment could be the Cossacks with their original desire for autonomy and self-government. After the February and October revolutions Shcherbina saw the only possibility of state revival in the organization of independent democratic formations on the Cossack outskirts. “It was possible to go in construction from parts to the whole, and not from the whole, which did not exist, to the parts.” With his thoughts about what is happening in the region and in the country, F.A. Shcherbina shared on the pages of the newspaper "Volnaya Kuban" - the printed organ of the Kuban regional government, the unofficial part of which he edited from August to November 1918. But the professional statistician considered the main thing for himself to be the development of measures to stabilize the economic situation in Kuban, where he directed everything your knowledge and experience. Already in the fall of 1917, he headed the statistical commission under the 11th Kuban regional government, a year later he became the manager of the Kuban regional statistical committee, and from August 1918 he headed the financial and budgetary commission under the Legislative Rada. In January 1918, he was elected an honorary member of the Council for Survey and Study of the Kuban Territory, a scientific and executive body established by the Kuban Regional Food Administration. To correct the situation in monetary circulation, Fyodor Shcherbina proposed controlling emissions, reducing the supply of raw materials in exchange for finished products, organizing a system of local credit institutions headed by its own Regional Bank, and strengthening the position of state interest-bearing loans. When forming budget policy, he insisted on taking precautionary measures to protect the population from inflation. These included tax reform in favor of the poor, reducing the cost of maintaining the staff of central regional institutions, abandoning unjustified loans, and establishing free trade within the region. Financial and Budgetary Commission under the leadership of F.A. Shcherbina was also involved in practical activities for the development of the elevator network, the opening of an electrical plant in Temryuk and geological research on the Taman Peninsula.
In 1920, Shcherbina found himself in exile, first as part of the Kuban delegation to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. From 1921 he lived in Prague, where he worked as a professor at the Ukrainian Free University (1922-1936), and from 1924 to 1925 he was its rector. Since 1922, he was a professor of statistics at the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Podebrady (Czechoslovakia). Once in exile, he participated in the activities of Ukrainian scientific institutions, in particular, the scientific society named after Taras Shevchenko. He was elected a full member of the NTS and rector of the Ukrainian Free University. He was a professor at the Ukrainian Hospodar Academy in Poděbrady. In addition, he wrote in Ukrainian literary language, composed the poetic poems “Chernomorets” and “Bogdan Khmelnitsky”. He died in 1936 and was buried in Prague at the Olsany cemetery. In 2008, with the support of Russian diplomats and the Czech Republic Orthodox Church Shcherbina's ashes were transported from Prague to Krasnodar and on September 17, 2008, they were solemnly reburied in the Holy Trinity Cathedral. 
Kuban is a grain-producing land, the granary of Russia. It is not surprising that it was here, in the village of Ivanovskaya, that an outstanding Kuban breeder, plant breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences was born Pavel Lukyanenko. Born into a Cossack family, who went through the Great Patriotic War, Lukyanenko, devoted his entire life to the transformation and improvement of the main grain crop - wheat. In 1926, he graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Institute, worked as a researcher at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing and was then associated with such luminaries of science as N.I. Vavilov and V.V. Talanov. In the mid-50s, he created the world-famous variety of winter soft wheat "Bezostaya 1", which became the most widely used. It was zoned in 48 regions of our country, in the countries of Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. Its sown area in 1971 reached thirteen million hectares. The introduction of this variety into production made it possible to increase wheat grain yields by one and a half to two times everywhere. At the same time, it has become an extremely valuable source for breeding, widely used to this day in breeding programs in many countries around the world. Lukyanenko developed a scientific program for the selection of rust-resistant varieties with productive ears and high technological qualities; significantly improved the methodology for conducting selections in hybrid populations, reducing the time required for breeding a new variety; one of the first in the USSR to substantiate the need for selection low-growing varieties winter wheat. The scientist also developed a morphophysiological model of a semi-dwarf variety that is capable of producing high yields in Kuban conditions and not dying when irrigated. In total, Pavel Lukyanenko created forty-three varieties of wheat; in 1975, they occupied about forty percent of the sown area of winter wheat in the Soviet Union.
It is most difficult to evaluate contemporaries - their contribution to the development of Kuban has yet to be assessed by future generations. And yet, I would complete the “Kuban top ten” with the name of the famous Kuban writer and publicist, member of the Writers' Union of Russia Viktor Likhonosov.
You can treat him differently - both as an author and as a person, you can sneer at some of the pretentiousness of the title "Our Little Paris", but few people dispute the fact that this book has so far been and remains a literary work, in the greatest and best reflecting the very soul and essence of the Kuban Cossacks, talentedly and beautifully describing the life of the Cossack city. Likhonosov worked on this work for more than ten years to finally create this book, which in the Russian Wikipedia article dedicated to Viktor Ivanovich was called “a lyrical-epic canvas connecting the present with the past” and “a literary monument to Ekaterinodar.”
As already mentioned, this article does not pretend to be the ultimate truth and reflects the author’s personal opinion about the most notable personalities in the history of Kuban. Any reader of our newspaper has the right to name his “ten big names,” including among his contemporaries, thereby showing who they consider to be the figure who made the greatest contribution to the history of our small homeland.
Denis SHULGATY
The deep meaning inherent in the old saying gives the Cossack woman a special role in the events of our history. And it’s not for nothing that Cossacks celebrate Cossack Mother’s Day. The main purpose of a woman is to maintain a home. Her highest happiness is motherhood. However, life under martial law presented its own demands that had to be met.
During the development of Kuban, the Cossacks carried military service constantly and without exception, “everyone from 15 to 60 years old.” While the husband disappeared on campaigns, the wife managed the household herself. It often happened that she picked up a gun. As I wrote pre-revolutionary military historian Vasily Potto: “A woman, an eternal worker in peacetime, in moments of danger was a full-fledged fighter among the Cossacks, like her father, husband, son or brother.”
Young Cossack women were taught to ride a horse and fight
The Cossack girl was raised as a future wife, mother, homemaker, who knew any job - including men's. Until the age of 13, they even played the same games with boys, learning some military wisdom, such as horse riding. The girl could no longer just ride on horseback, but also handle the skiff and deftly wield a lasso, bow and self-propelled gun. To survive in the Caucasian War, you had to be able to defend yourself.
For more than two centuries, Cossacks have been celebrating Cossack Mother Day on December 4 (November 21, old style), which falls on the Entry into the Temple holiday Holy Mother of God. Empress Catherine the Great established a “woman’s holiday” in honor of the victory in the battle for the village of Naurskaya. In 1774, the village was surrounded by a nine-thousand-strong detachment of Tatars and Turks. The Cossacks were on a march, and one and a half hundred women came out onto the rampart to repel the onslaught. The Mozdok commandant described how desperately they fought:
“Some with guns, and others with scythes... some of the women turned out to be those who fired up to twenty charges from guns, and one of them, being with a scythe, was near the enemy, while rushing towards the rampart towards the slingshot, cut off his head and took possession of his gun.” .
Women dragged guns and fired buckshot. They boiled resin and poured it on the heads of the invaders. If you believe the legends, even a vat of “boiling pork soup” was used... Catherine II awarded the brave Cossack women with medals and established a holiday in their glory. The famous battle took place on Chechen soil. However, comparable military conflicts occurred throughout the developed lands.
St. George's Cross of Anna Serdyukova
More than once the Kuban Cossacks had to defend their villages. One of the sources tells about Ulyana Linskaya, a brave defender of the Poltava Kuren. Ulyana was honored as “the first heroic woman,” because “while repelling the attack of one of the attackers, Ulyana drowned herself in a barrel of kvass.” One of the most striking evidence of military valor dates back to 1862, when 35 Plastuns held the defense against the highlanders at the Lipkinsky post. When commander Efim Gorbatko was killed, his wife Marianna “with a terrible cry” rushed at the highlanders, protecting his corpse. Having killed one with a shot from a gun, she bayoneted the second...
Direct evidence from participants has survived to this day. Russian-Caucasian war. Apollo Shpakovsky, who began his service as a midshipman and “became a Cossack by the will of fate and his superiors,” served on the front line of the Labinskaya line. He described an incident that occurred in the 40s. XIX century with 16-year-old Cossack Anna Serdyukova. Anna was working in the garden when she noticed six horsemen approaching.
“The highlander, who was chasing her closer, threw a dagger at his victim, but fate did not allow her to die: the dagger, flying from the side, stuck far in front... Instinctively, she grabbed the fallen dagger, holding it with the tip back. At this time, the highlander ran up and grabbed her, but by what chance, she herself does not remember, the dagger went right through the stomach of the highlander, who fell down with her.” The girl was captured, apparently, there was a fact of violence... She came to her senses when the mountaineers stopped for the night. The captive, “not feeling threatened by her,” was not tied up. Anna waited until everyone was asleep, took the dagger from the leader and plunged it into his throat. She grabbed the saber and pistol of the dead man and began to chop... The latter, who managed to jump up, “under the influence of panic, began to run; but the frenzied Anna chased after him, and the shot stopped him in his tracks.” Anna Serdyukova received the St. George Cross of the first degree, a lifelong pension of 50 silver rubles and a gold bracelet - a gift from the commander-in-chief, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov.
The famous chronicler Fyodor Shcherbina also left a lot of evidence about desperate Cossack women. For example, when the mountaineers attacked the village of Pashkovskaya, one resourceful widow, “taking a couple of oxen out of the stall, tied them in plain sight.” After which, having taken an “advantageous position”, she began to “meet the Circassians” with well-aimed shots.
"Hussar Ballad" on Kuban soil
The story of Serdyukova is a “standard” example of how “the high breast of a Cossack woman was decorated with George for a military feat.” An example of a “non-standard” is Elena Choba, a native of the village of Rogovskaya. She went to war after her husband, who died on the fronts of the First World War. She came to Lieutenant General Babych with short hair, wearing a Circassian coat and a hat. Ladies were not allowed to participate in combat service at that time. Permission was given to “Cossack Mikhail Chobe.” And soon the “Kuban Cossack Messenger” published correspondence about “Mikhailu”: “The enemy tried to pin down one of our units and batteries in a tight ring, Chobe managed to break through and save two of our batteries from destruction, which had absolutely no idea about the proximity of the Germans. For his heroic deed, Choba received the St. George Cross.”
There were others... They served so well that their gender was revealed only as a result of severe wounds. In 1915, the Kuban Regional Gazette reported that in the Kiev infirmary “there is a girl ensign Alexandra Lagereva, a boarding school student who fled to the war under male name... Lagereva, being at the head of six Cossacks, captured 18 German lancers.” The Ekaterinodar “high school student” was awarded the St. George Cross of three degrees. Unfortunately, for obvious reasons, very little or nothing is known about many “heroes”. Including - about the Kuban Cossack Matveeva, the first woman awarded the cross.
"Women's Riots"
Historians call “Amazonism” a phenomenon universal for different times and peoples. But among Cossack women it is special, since it manifested itself not only in war. Men, when civil courage was required, retreated, and they invited fire on themselves. A separate page in the history of the region is the “women's riots”.
An old resident of Mingrelskaya, Sergei Damnitsky, spoke about the events of the hungry year of 1932:
“Closer to the market, there is a post office. The women got together. Well, here it is - “Give us a king” - the krychaly. The Tsar?.. Yak gave the Tsar! They took it and gave it a whip. Right now we are the king's ladies! Women’s uprising, men’s rebellion is not happening.”
The most famous riot - in 1990 - thundered throughout the country. Then, due to the events in Nagorno-Karabakh, the mobilization of men was announced. Kuban women went to protest rallies - and husbands, sons and brothers returned home...
Igor Vasiliev, candidate of historical sciences:
Patriarchy was considered the norm among the Kuban Cossacks, as among all Eastern Slavs. This was also facilitated by the military specificity of the Cossack culture. However, the Cossack warrior spent a lot of time in the service. Many household chores, often performed by men, were placed on the shoulders of women. The Cossack woman had to be strong and make decisions. As a result, different families and different villages developed their own special way of life. Often with a bias towards radical patriarchy. Sometimes - in favor of Cossack status. Different factors were at work in different cases.
The Cossack mother is a significant historical character. Smart, businesslike, bright... Perhaps her main feat is that under the Soviets she managed to preserve Cossack traditions, folklore, Orthodox faith. When the Cossacks, primarily men, were exterminated and broken.
During such a short career in combat and life, the sniper heroine distinguished herself with many achievements. She was one of the most accurate snipers of the war, giving many men a head start in this matter. Tatiana destroyed 120 fascists; thanks to her last feat, height 104 near Kerch was taken. The girl, by her example, raised hundreds of Red Army soldiers into battle, being the first to jump out of the trench to meet the enemy. In this battle, she personally killed 15 Germans.
Sniper Kostyrina was not only an example in battle, but also pleasant, friendly person. She was universally loved in the regiment. The fame of her feat resounded throughout the division for many months and inspired the fighters. Initially, Tatyana was buried in the place where she died, in Adzhimushkai. But then her grave was moved to the Kerch military cemetery.
The feat of young Tatyana was described in the essay “Girl from Kuban” by I. Kryukov. A village in the Leninsky district of Crimea and streets in her native Kropotkin and Kerch were named in her honor. And in the village of Kostyrino, a monument was erected to her, which local residents simply call “Heroine.”
Chizh Lyudmila Leonidovna
Open lesson “Famous people of Kuban”
State government educational institution of the Krasnodar Territory
"Berezan boarding school for orphans and children,
left without parental care"
Open lesson
Subject: « Famous people of Kuban» .
Prepared by the teacher: Chizh L.L.
Subject: « Famous people of Kuban»
Lesson type: lesson project
Goals:
Educational: introduce students to famous people Kuban, with the life and work of these people.
Developmental: developing interest and respect for the lives of wonderful people Kuban, development of children’s cognitive activity, reasoning skills and expression of their thoughts.
Educating: the formation of patriotism, a sense of pride in the great Kuban scientists, composers, poets.
Equipment: Multimedia equipment; exhibition of books, photographs and portraits famous people - natives of their native land. Presentation.
Progress of the event:
1. Organizational moment.
2. Psychological attitude
3. Opening remarks teacher:
Educator: Hello dear colleagues, hello children. I am glad to see you all at our open class.
Our region is rich in gardens and bread, It gives cement and oil to the Motherland... But the most valuable capital Kuban- Simple and humble worker- people.
We dedicate today's event famous, famous people Kuban, who made a huge contribution to the development of our small Motherland and all of Russia.
I'll start with the legend about an amazing girl Kuban.
A long time ago there lived a girl on earth. She was her parents' only and beloved daughter, whose name was Kuban. They lived in an old dilapidated house. The doors of their home have always been open to travelers. Travelers found warmth, care and attention here.
Grew up Kuban amazingly extraordinary beauty to everyone. Her tall, slender, round face was framed by a long brown braid, her smile always lit her up, and her bright blue eyes sparkled. The most amazing thing is that the girl loved to decorate the land where she lived. First she sowed rye, and soon they began to sprout grain fields. Vine, apple and pear trees gave rich harvests. Whatever the beauty plants, everything turns out great. She raised fish brought from afar in lakes, rivers, and seas. The ponds came to life, the reeds rustled on their banks, and water lilies swayed on the water surface.
They heard about the hardworking beauty far beyond. And suitors began to woo her, bringing her rich gifts. But Kuban she was in no hurry to make a choice, she wanted to finish the job she started. She used the gifts at her own discretion. Turned yellow gold coins into a scattering of dandelions in the meadows; rubies scattered across the steppe, and bloomed in this place scarlet poppies; the beads of a pearl necklace became fragrant lilies of the valley growing in forest glades; an amber bracelet - turned into daisies with a bright sun inside; turquoise beads - into bright blue bells, ringing in the wind in the steppe.
The girl’s long efforts and perseverance were not in vain. The earth came to life, the fields and valleys turned green, the trees in the gardens and forests bloomed, the meadows were full of flowers, the mountains were covered with forests. There was no one left on that land who would see the blue-eyed beauty, but her name was forever preserved in human memory, because the places where the girl lived have been called since then Kuban.
And today we will talk about people through whose efforts our Kuban developed, became a great, fertile region of Russia.
Question: Children, tell me what you can call the people through whose efforts our Kuban is developing, is becoming a great, fertile region of Russia? (Famous)
So who are we going to talk about? class?
Answer: (ABOUT famous and famous people of Kuban)
Educator: I suggest you contact explanatory dictionary. Give me the definition of the words Famous Famous.
Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.
Famous- widely known; illustrious.
Well-known - generally recognized, one whose activities are well known to everyone, and is popular.
Educator: That’s right, today we will talk about our small Motherland about Kuban, and about those people who made a huge contribution to its development. Of course, it’s impossible in one class remember and tell about all our famous fellow countrymen, but you will have the opportunity to learn more in class Kuban studies, independently, and you can also refer to reference books and fiction.
Question: Children, what do you think, the name of which Russian empress is connected with the history of our region? (Catherine II)
Educator: That’s right, it was Catherine II, the Russian Empress, who in 1792 signed the Highest Charter granting the Black Sea Army the island of Phanagoria and the territory of the right bank Kuban, from the mouth of the Laba River to the mouth of the Yei River.
Educator: I will ask Diana to show on our map where the Krasnodar Territory is located.
In 1793, the resettlement of Cossacks-Cossacks to "granted land" Kuban region, the capital was founded - "military city" Ekaterinodar, a city now called Krasnodar. These historical events are associated with the names of two outstanding people of that time - Ataman Zakhary Chepega and military judge Anton Golovaty.
Zakhary Chepega
“I found a place for a military city”, and now in the wild forests of Karasun Kut axes began to clatter. The Cossacks prepared logs, dug ditches, and built ramparts. And so a fortress was born, from which a straight furrow was drawn with a plow, outlining the first street - the future Red Street.
Ataman Chepega strictly monitored the construction, demanded that new houses be strong and reliable, and at the same time made sure that the Cossacks did not cut down the forest unnecessarily and preserve trees and shrubs.
Military judge Anton Golovaty became Chepega’s indispensable assistant in all matters.
This fearless renowned warrior opened in peacetime another talent: he turned out to be an excellent host, a skillful, efficient organizer, managing to do literally everything. No wonder the Cossacks joked that without a military judge “and the water will not be sanctified”.
Question: Tell me how you understand the meaning of the saying “Without him, even the water will not be sanctified”. What kind of person are they talking about?
Answer: (About a responsible person who takes a big part in everything)
Educator: Golovaty worked hard so that the Cossacks acquired farming: engaged in arable farming and gardening. He started public ponds for catching fish and crayfish, and brought crayfish to Yekaterinodar from Temryuk - three whole cartloads! Even the wheat came Kuban thanks to the economical Anton Golovaty.
So back at the end of the 18th century they appeared on Kuban people, who worked tirelessly to ensure that the wild, uncultivated land turned into a rich, strong, flourishing region.
My native land
My dear Krasnodar
And you Kuban is beautiful, –
My destiny's pier
This is where I was born
Grew up without sorrow and troubles
And here I am to all descendants
I give great advice:
Appreciate our Motherland,
Do you love her
And guard it carefully
We can't live without her
There's no better place anywhere
Where could you live?
Where everyone could rejoice,
Laugh and love
You take care of groves, fields, green fields
And he will be famous for you Kuban land.
Educator: Children, we continue to talk to you about those people thanks to whom our Region has become so successful.
Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit and Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko. Two Kuban scientists-breeders, whose achievements are known throughout the world.
Vocabulary word Breeder
A breeder is a scientist, his main goal is to improve various types of living organisms; they develop and improve new, more disease-resistant plant varieties and animal breeds.
Historical reference
Born on January 14, 1886 in the village of Taranovka, now Zmievsky district, Kharkov region. He graduated from a local school and a city college in the city of Zmiev. Graduated in 1926 Kubansky agricultural institute. V. S. Pustovoit’s favorite plant was sunflower; he conducted unique experiments not only with it, but also with winter wheat, rye, millet, corn, and other various field plants.
In memory of him, a Bronze bust was installed on the territory of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds. Streets in Krasnodar and Armavir are named after the Hero (Krasnodar region).
Sunflower - this amazing one "sunny flower" brought to Russia in the 18th century. But at first, Russian peasants did not know all its qualities; the people knew only the delicacy - fried seeds.
Question: Tell me, what else are sunflower seeds used for?
Answer: (From « sunny flower» you can get very tasty and healthy sunflower oil. Margarine is also made from sunflower seeds, various medicinal ointments are prepared, soap is made, and used in folk medicine. Sunflower seeds are considered an excellent supplier of vitamins)
Educator: "Bread Father" named Pavel Lukyanenko on Kuban, born in 1901 in the village of Ivanovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. The young man developed an interest in agriculture during his school years and remained for the rest of his life. Graduated in 1926 Kubansky Agricultural Institute. From a young age, he dreamed of defeating the terrible enemy of wheat - the fungal disease rust, which often destroyed crops in the rich Kuban land. Lukyanenko was always surrounded by numerous collaborators and students who, together with him, conducted interesting and painstaking genetic selection research.
SLIDE No. 10
The Krasnodar breeding station was transformed into the Krasnodar Research Institute Agriculture them. P. P. Lukyanenko. He left people a precious inheritance - golden generous ears of corn Kuban wheat.
Educator: About fertility Kuban soils in Russia walked legends: V Kuban It is enough to stick a stick into the ground for a cart to grow. Kubanskaya wheat was considered the best in quality and in its production Kuban came out on top in Russia. Kuban began to be called"the breadbasket of Russia", because every tenth loaf of bread in the country is baked from Kuban wheat. On our Kuban they say: “If there is bread, there will be food”.
Question: For what people grow wheat?
Answer: (Wheat grains are ground into flour, and various pasta, confectionery products, bread are made from flour, cereals are made from wheat grains. Wheat is used as food for pets. It also contains starch, proteins, fat, fiber, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamins.
Wheat costs Kuban
Among the busy fields,
And melts into the bread ocean
Green sail of poplars.
The bread is making noise.
In hot suffering
They bow to the earth
For the warmth of the Cossack soul,
For valor, courage and work.
Work with children: Explain the meaning and significance of proverbs.
Proverbs and sayings about working people, about work.
1. A man lives for a century, but his deeds last two.
(A proverb about what a person has achieved in his life, about his good deeds they will remember and talk for a long time People.)
2. For whom work is joy, for that life is happiness.
(A proverb that if a person likes to work or do what he loves, then his work will certainly bring him both spiritual joy and a prosperous life.)
3. Sitting on the stove, you won’t even earn money for candles.
(About work and laziness. If you idle, you will be poor; if you are persistent and hardworking, you will achieve success.)
4. If you suffer for a long time, something will work out.
(Means that if you persistently continue to do something, there will definitely be a result)
5. Where I was born, I came in handy there.
(The proverb is said about a person who has successfully realized his talent in the area where he was born, benefiting his native country, city and surrounding people.
Educator: And now we’ll listen to the song and you’ll tell me, is it familiar to you?
The anthem of the Krasnodar region is played.
Question: Who knows what song this is?
We all know the words of the anthem of the Krasnodar region.
Question: Who knows who wrote the words to the anthem?
Answer: Konstantin Obraztsov
Educator: Correctly, the author of this masterpiece is the marching priest of the 1st Caucasian Regiment, Konstantin Obraztsov. The song is written with inspiration and dedicated to the Cossacks "in memory of their military glory". Father Konstantin, along with the Cossacks, endured all the difficulties of transitions and the troubles of combat life. Father Konstantin admonished the mortally wounded, marveling at the Cossack courage. K. Obraztsov's poems, like his songs, are imbued with great love for the Fatherland, for his home, and glorify the valor and fearlessness of the Russian warrior.
Song "You, Kuban, you are our Motherland" became popular. Flew around all the villages. She entered the soul of every person. She has found her immortality. This song-cry, song-confession, song-prayer has become a hymn Kuban region. And live this hymn forever, how to stand and live forever mighty Kuban.
SLIDE No. 15
Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky
This is an outstanding ophthalmologist; a regional hospital in Krasnodar is named after him, in the courtyard of which there is a monument to the scientist.
SLIDE No. 16
From 1921 to 1930, he admitted 145 thousand patients and performed up to 5 thousand operations. People, previously doomed to eternal blindness, began to see. The name of Ochapovsky was passed on from mouth to mouth and became the most famous in the North Caucasus.
Educator: I would like to name another scientist Kuban
Ivan Grigorievich Savchenko.
Kuban professor, microbiologist. Created vaccines to combat epidemics of cholera and typhoid. When the Cossacks moved to Kuban, they often suffered from malaria.
Dictionary word
Malaria (translated from Italian - "bad air", formerly known as "swamp fever") - a group of infectious diseases transmitted to humans through the bites of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles ( "malarial mosquitoes")
This disease is accompanied by fever, chills, and an increase in the size of the spleen and liver.
The situation was especially difficult in the Sochi and Adler areas. A solution was needed. Scientists were developing vaccines. The swampy areas were planted with eucalyptus, the roots of which, like a pump, sucked out water and drained the area, and Gambusia fish were released into the reservoirs, which ate mosquito larvae.
SLIDE No. 18
After all, mosquitoes were the carriers of malaria. So on Kuban defeated malaria, and in Adler a monument was erected to the gambusia fish.
Educator: I wanted to tell you about the artistic director of the State Academic Kubansky Cossack choir - Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko.
SLIDE No. 19
Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko, artistic director of the State Academic Academy, was born in the village of Dyadkovskaya, Korenovsky district. Kuban Cossack Choir, musicologist-folklorist, composer, choral conductor. He heard folk and spiritual songs since childhood, absorbed Cossack traditions... He always had an incredibly strong desire to become a musician. And there lived in him some absolutely inner confidence that he would definitely become one.”
In 1974, Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko headed the State Kuban Cossack Choir,
the team rose to the heights of creativity and gained worldwide fame. Over the 35 years of its activity on Kuban V. G. Zakharchenko managed to fully realize his artistic aspirations and lead the team to new creative frontiers. Today the group consists of 146 artists. During his time leading the choir, V. G. Zakharchenko turned the collective into an international-class ensemble. The geography of the choir's tours is vast; it is applauded on five continents and in dozens of countries around the world.
SDLLIDE #20
And now I want to invite you to watch and listen to an excerpt from the Concert Kubansky Cossack choir which took place in Izhevsk at the Aksion cultural center and was dedicated to the Anniversary program “200 YEARS IN GLORY KUBANI, FOR THE GOOD OF RUSSIA!" "Unharness the horses, boys"
Educator: Kuban No wonder they call it the pearl of Russia. Its land is abundant and fertile, its folk culture is unique and original, its military and labor feats are glorious. Kuban residents.
SDLLIDE #21
Steppe expanses,
High mountains,
Two gentle seas -
All this Kuban.
Native village,
Open faces,
Thick wheat -
All this Kuban.
Both the farm and the city,
They live without strife,
They have their own dialect -
All this Kuban,
They don't look gloomy here,
They don't walk dejectedly.
With its culture
Proud Kuban.
The people are Orthodox.
And his path is glorious.
Here they think about the main thing
And they love Kuban.
Merry wines,
Valley with flowers
And build poplar -
All this Kuban.
Life of old streets
And again Krasnodar,
And the generosity of the bazaars -
All this Kuban.
And the song that cries!
And our Cossack spirit!
How much do you mean
For all of us, Kuban!
Educator: Over more than two centuries of the history of our region, there have been a lot of wonderful people who gave their strength, knowledge, and health for the benefit of their native land.
Ataman Yakov Kukharenko - writer, historian, did a lot for education Kuban: under him, in the middle of the 19th century, the work of gymnasiums and colleges revived.
Architects Alexander Kosyakin, Alexander Kozlov - presented Ekaterinodar and Kuban wonderful temples, residential buildings, educational buildings, which even now delight the eye and soul of anyone Kuban.
Botanist Ivan Kosenko created an amazing arboretum in Krasnodar, in which unique plants are collected, seedlings are grown for Kuban parks.
This list of famous names can be continued for a long time: after all Kuban hundreds of people worthy of eternal gratitude and memory of descendants.
They live next to you: they build new houses, fly airplanes into the sky, grow bread. They bring glory to our region through their labor achievements, scientific discoveries, sports records. When you grow up, you too will become guardians of the earth. Kuban - work hard, working tirelessly to make our region prosper and be even more fertile and beautiful.
Vocabulary word Guardian
A guardian is a patron, a benefactor, a person who shows zeal for something, who cares about something, about someone.
Question: Choose words synonyms (words similar in meaning, meaning)- guardian, protector, caring, compassionate, trustee.
Summarizing
Question: About which ones today we talked about famous people of Kuban?
Zakhary Chepega - Cossack ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army
Anton Golovaty - military judge of the Black Sea Cossack army
Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit is a scientist, breeder who created high-oil sunflower varieties.
Pavel Panteleimonovich Lukyanenko - scientist, breeder who worked on developing new varieties of wheat
Konstantin Obraztsov - marching priest of the 1st Caucasian Regiment, author of the words of the anthem of the Krasnodar region “You, Kuban, you are our Motherland
Stanislav Vladimirovich Ochapovsky - an outstanding ophthalmologist
Ivan Grigorievich Savchenko - Kuban professor, microbiologist
Zakharchenko Viktor Gavrilovich - artistic director of the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir
Ataman Yakov Kukharenko - writer, historian
Ivan Kosenko - botanist created an amazing arboretum in Krasnodar
SLIDE No. 22
Question: Do you think these are kind, honest, hardworking and talented people deserve it so that every schoolchild and every adult knows their names? (Yes)
This is our class is over. I hope that you will carry love and devotion to your Earth and your people throughout your life. We must remember, be proud of and inherit the beauty and wealth of our small Motherland - Kuban. Wellbeing Kuban, its future depends on us.
