How to install a water column at the dacha. Water stand near the house

A standpipe is especially needed for use in populated areas where there is a lack of water supplied from the centralized water supply.

It is impossible to say that the device works perfectly, but it performs its functions perfectly, at least in the warm season.

The design of the water column is simple. It is installed in a well or on the ground and consists of:

valve;
ejector;
pipes for lifting water;
columns;
lever mounted to the column (these two elements are on the surface).

Disadvantages of standpipes

Despite the obvious need for use when the water supply is poor, this equipment also has disadvantages:

there must be a sufficiently high pressure in the water supply network, otherwise the performance of the column is noticeably reduced, in particular, when drawing water from centralized network;
freezing of water in winter, especially at low pressure;
often soil and rainwater, if the corresponding valve, designed to limit the ingress of third-party liquid, is damaged or shifted (in some cases, water users who arrange it do not even know about it, but household water is already supplied with impurities).

The main functions assigned to the column: water intake and supply. Therefore, it is better to choose high-quality equipment for installing the column; moreover, this will increase the chances of maintaining the integrity of the gasket for collecting exclusively purified water from the water supply.

Water taps are used not only in populated areas, but also on construction sites and in suburban industrial establishments.

Basic requirements for a water standpipe

In order for the installation of the water dispenser to be correct and the device to work for a long time, the following requirements must be met:

it is better to install it near an intersection or near the sidewalk (however, it all depends on. If the installation takes place in a well, the location is determined; if not, it is recommended to do it as close to the sidewalk as possible);
installation of a water standpipe should be carried out on the basis that the service radius of the device should not be more than a thousand meters;
To avoid problems with drainage, it is better to install it at an elevated location (but not at a significant height). The main thing is to maintain natural drainage;
It is not recommended to install on a dead-end line if it is carried out in the ground.

In general, standpipes are used over a wide temperature range: from -40 degrees to +40 degrees.

Installing a water standpipe yourself

Installation of the column must be carried out in the following sequence, as stated:

we connect a threaded pipe and a flange (you can take either welded or flat);
take a column into which a threaded pipe is carefully screwed;
we make sure that the flange does not exceed the size of the thinnest pipe that connects to it;
We install concrete pads, which will form the basis for the standpipe. It is enough that their size slightly exceeds the dimensions of the future installation. It is recommended to take care in advance of providing the installation with concrete pads;
install sewer hatch, while ensuring high level stability and quick access to the device;
We wash the column with a specially prepared bleach solution (do not forget to take into account the proportions indicated on the package).

We considered the option of installing a water standpipe in a well. The device can be equipped with additional functional elements to expand the control and measurement capabilities.

Also, in order to protect the column from freezing, winter period can be insulated with any thermal insulation materials, covering the walls of the well with them.

This will be more reliable and stable. In the case of installation in the ground, this is not recommended, since it will not be possible to disassemble the heating material in the summer.

It is better to carry out installation at a depth of at least 75 centimeters and no more than 4 meters. What determines the installation depth?

From where the pipes are installed. The greater the installation depth, the greater the chance that the device will not freeze in winter.

The length of the pipe connecting the upper and underground parts can be different - it depends on the location of the device and, accordingly, the depth of the pipes.

This will allow the installation to be tightly fixed and not washed out with melt and rain water.

The installation schemes for a column in a well and in the ground are almost identical, but in the case of installation in a well, it is necessary to create two concrete pads, while one is suitable for a ground column.

Water is one of the most important resources for country houses and dachas, which is impossible to do without. However, it is not advisable to organize a public water supply on the site, because this pleasure will cost a lot of money. It’s cheaper, and much easier, to use your own water source.

Can be beautifully arranged in different styles: this will help to refine environment. The only question is what needs to be done first. Having your own well will give you confidence that there will always be water, because you will need it for household and residential needs. You can forget about counting the cubic meters spent, only the only concern will arise - timely cleaning.

Of course, it is possible to install or extend a city water supply, but this will be expensive. The most the best option will . A self-equipped well in a dacha will give the owner the opportunity to be proud of his property. Having become familiar with drilling technologies and common device wells, making a water supply system will not be as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Scheme for drilling a well at summer cottage

Before you begin work and start drilling, you need to examine your site and determine the level at which the groundwater lies. This parameter is very important, because it will determine how much work needs to be done.

After determining the occurrence of water, you can select the type of well:

Abyssinian well. The construction of this type of well is used if the depth of the water layer is no more than 12 meters;
A sand well is dug when the water layer is up to 50 meters deep;
An artesian well is installed with a minimum depth of 200 meters, but this is more difficult.

It is worth noting that any owner of a country home who wants to install a water supply system can make a well of the first two types at their dacha. As for the last option, the use of professional equipment is mandatory for its implementation.

Diagram of an artesian well

Sand well

This type received this name because the water comes from a sandy layer, which, as research shows, lies at a depth of no more than 50 meters. There are no guarantees that it will be free of impurities, so you definitely need to invite a specialist from the sanitary and epidemiological station to check: to make sure whether there are chemical and organic compounds in the water or not.

Necessary materials for drilling a sand well for a water supply system:

. You can find out how much it costs in any specialized store;
Classic scheme;
Depth filters for water purification.

The service life of this installation is approximately 15 years, but do not forget that the filters need to be cleaned regularly. This will determine how safe for health and quality the incoming water will be.

If you follow this simple rule, the water supply will last much longer.

Construction of an Abyssinian well

The installation is intended to be very shallow, so it is very easy to design a pattern that allows it to be drilled. should be easy to use, so you need to take good care when choosing for the well suitable place and don’t forget about the design and arrangement.

Drilling should not be started immediately. It is worth paying attention to the fact that there are no sewage pits, septic tanks or garbage nearby. Since the water supply is shallow in depth, it can be penetrated harmful substances and pollute it, and cleaning is not very easy.

Drilling a water supply can begin right in the basement of a house or in a nearby area, but only if there is no hard rock in the ground. By the way, the basement is the most convenient place for digging a water supply system, because in this case the installation can be used even when it is frosty outside.

Artesian well

If one of your neighbors already has this type of water supply, it means that there is a layer of water in the limestone layers in the area. In other cases, it is usually proposed to install an experimental option to investigate at what depth the water lies.

The main advantage of an artesian well is that it can easily provide the right amount water in several areas at once, the arrangement diagram clearly shows this.

Often neighbors do exactly this - they make one source for two. It costs less to dig, and further savings are obvious.

Drilling tools and equipment

Arrangement various types wells involves the use various equipment. For example, in the case of artesian ones, it is impossible to do without the use of professional drilling rigs. If we are talking about a smaller well, then the simplest winch and tripod will do.

It will be problematic to start work without a special drilling tool for the water supply. It helps to penetrate the soil easier and faster. If you do the water supply yourself, you should get a metal auger. It is inexpensive, but it is very important that it is made of steel high quality. To install a well in a dacha, you will also need pipes of different diameters, a pump and a filter.

Main stages of work

Regardless of which well it is decided to equip, the work must be carried out strictly in stages:

Drills for work

To make it easier to drill through the soil, there are several types of drills specifically designed for plumbing:

For work in clay soil excellent option there will be the use of a coil (spiral drill);
To loosen harder soil, it is better to use a drill bit;
In sandy soil, a spoon drill is useful;
A bailer is a tool that is useful for facilitating the lifting of soil to the top.

Important! If it is noticed that the rock that rises to the surface is wet and drilling is easier, you cannot stop. This means that the goal is already very close, and the desired depth will soon be achieved. It is unknown how much is left before the water layer, you need to be on your guard.

Which pump to choose for a well

In order to facilitate the construction of a well, you need to decide how powerful the pump is needed.

Well pump options

Be sure to take the following parameters into account:

Depth indicator;
Pipe diameter size;
How far is the well from the house?

Pump power that will suit in the best possible way, directly depends on these indicators, as well as on how you decide to make the design. If the depth is not very deep, you can use a self-priming pump. For greater depths, it is better to use a submersible mechanism.

The Abyssinian pipe well is the best option source of water intake for the cottage/garden. For autonomous system For water supply to a cottage, this option is unsuitable because it does not meet the daily needs of family members. Before driving a tube for a well on a site, it is necessary to study the design and find a water layer. Important restrictions for Abyssinian well are:

water extraction by hand (column) or surface pump - the maximum casing diameter is limited to 32 mm, depth 12 m (in practice, surface pumps can get liquid only from 8 m);
the use of upper aquifers - “upper water” or a sand layer; it is impossible to clog a pipe to the level of the artesian horizon;
short service life - due to the low maintainability of the design; once the filter holes are clogged/silted, it is impossible to clean it.

Figure 1. The Abyssinian tube well is budget option for drilling a well at the dacha.

For the needs of gardeners/summer residents, driving a well is a reasonable solution that provides minimum budget water supply You will not have to pay for water, since the subsoil is not used; the regulatory authorities will in any case allow the use of the source for domestic needs (Fig. 1).

Advantages of the Abyssinian driving needle hole

Before sinking an Abyssinian type well, it is necessary to find water on the site, place the well in accordance with SNiP, SanPiN standards, ensuring the maximum resource of the source. The main requirements are the distances from the well to significant objects:

50-25 m to the septic tank. In the event of sewage leaks, this distance will ensure natural post-treatment with soil, while the depth of the well should be greater than the distance from the surface to the bottom wall of the treatment facility chamber.
4 m from the house, outbuildings, small architectural forms. Neighborhood aquifer, from which liquid is periodically pumped out, reduces the strength of the soil on which the foundations rest.

To reduce the construction budget they are more often used traditional methods definitions groundwater. The vegetation within the site is being examined; some plants show the water carrier with 70% accuracy. The branches of the vine begin to twist and shift in the hands of the researcher in the place where the underground sand lens is present.

The best option is to order a vertical electrical sounding service. This technology operates with ground-based instruments, special software, and does not require the production of control wells. Based on the results, an electrogeological section is compiled, not only the presence of a source is determined, but also the salt content in it.

The advantages of the Abyssinian well are:

Figure 2. The Abyssinian well does not take up much space, so to save space, you can lay other sources nearby.

Cheapness. The source of water intake is cheaper than any other method of water extraction.
Simplicity. The design does not have complex angles or units.
Hygiene. The water mirror is protected from clogging, surface waters, the mouth is easily sealed.
High speed of work. Wells of 8 m are driven in a day.
Energy independence of technology. The pipe is immersed in the ground using the simplest device.
Variability in the placement of pumping equipment. The pump can be mounted on a pipe and removed from the well at a reasonable distance, for example, into the basement of a house.

For the convenience of workers, the pipes are expanded after some deepening into the well, which allows them to be added as needed. The lack of access roads, electricity, and difficult terrain are not obstacles to this technology. After the pipes have exhausted their service life, they can be cut below the fertile layer, plugged without removing them to the surface, and another source can be mounted next to the first one (Fig. 2).

There is a way to deepen a pipe into a well being manufactured without using a sledgehammer, a piledriver, or damaging the threads in its upper part. The technology looks like this:

Figure 3. Manufacturing technology of the Abyssinian well.

a drill is used to make a guide well with a depth of 0.7 - 0.5 m;
before hammering the pipe, it is placed vertically;
two massive metal clamps are attached in the lower third;
a headstock is put on the pipe (a massive blank with a central hole and eyes on opposite sides);
in the upper part, a simple pulley block (two blocks for cables) is fixed with clamps on bolts.

To make a well, two workers are enough, who need to periodically lift the headstock by the cable and release it at the top point. The headstock hits the lower clamp, the force is transmitted to the pipes, which gradually sink into the soil. As they go deeper, the clamps rise higher and new pipes are screwed in (Fig. 3)

Figure 4. Spearhead design.

The technology is suitable only for loose, plastic soils; it is impossible to drive a spear-shaped tip into a large boulder or rock using this method. Unlike the drilling method, the casing is also a working tool, so the structure consists of several related units:

A spear is a pointed tip.
The filter is a piece of perforated pipe in a metal mesh, welded to the tip.
A check valve is, in practice, an ordinary metal ball mounted on a diaphragm inside a pipe.
Casing string. It is extended with separate pipes and threaded connections.

To ensure normal well flow, the filter is buried 1-0.7 m below the static level of the water intake source.

The spear-shaped tip has a minimal area and slides off small stones or destroys them. This option is preferable to the usual flattening or cutting of the pipe under acute angle. In addition, the casing does not become clogged with soil and remains clean throughout its entire length (Fig. 4)

Operation of the Abyssinian well

The resource of the water intake source is 15-30 years when reaching the sand lens, 5-10 years when taking liquid from the “overwater”. Therefore, for long-term operation you will have to plug the pipes several times.

In addition, the upper aquifer is too capricious, the level drops in abnormally hot years, several users from the same aquifer drain the source faster than when used by a single family. It may contain waste water industrial enterprises, a liquid used by oil workers to maintain reservoir pressure.

Therefore, laboratory analysis is necessary before using water for food. He will help you choose necessary equipment for water treatment system. Having made a sand well with your own hands, it is recommended to use pumping equipment regularly. During periodic, seasonal operation, the flow rate decreases annually, and the filter at the bottom of the well becomes silted.

The Abyssinian well has a small diameter, so submersible pumps do not fit into it. Pressure of surface modifications pumping stations limited to 8-12 m. Therefore, driving the needle to a greater depth does not make sense.

The design is easily integrated into landscape design site, in 90% of cases a wellhead water supply system is used for the Abyssinian well. Inserting a pipeline at a level below the freezing level with the production of an underground pipeline for entry into the house in this case is not economically profitable. The caisson for the Abyssinian well is not used for the same reason.

At every dacha, or personal plot, there is a source of water supply - a standpipe or a well. It is certainly better to have a well than a tap from the network water supply for many reasons. Water from a well is naturally cleaner and healthier for both humans and for watering plants. At low temperatures in winter the water does not freeze because thermal heat prevents her from turning into ice. But not every summer resident has the opportunity to have a well or borehole on his property. Mostly, summer residents use taps from the public water supply network. No complaints about summer time Of course not, except that the water may be turned off due to some kind of breakdown or accident at the water utility. But in winter time There's a problem with the column. All summer residents who have a bathhouse at their summer cottage always come in winter to take a steam bath and wash themselves.

But for those owners who have water pumps, the water often freezes in the riser and a whole range of problems arise at once. What to do, what to defrost and other whirlwind. And so the problem is very serious and requires a solution. You need to look into the very essence of the problem - why does water freeze, and how to prevent it? Water freezes in the riser due to low temperatures; often any kind of insulation of the column does not help, since our frosts are severe. But the author found a simple and ingenious solution to this problem. At the bottom of the pipe, when buried in the ground, he installed a tee and a Mayevsky tap. And this is how it works, the drain valve located below ground level will not freeze, since the thermal heat of the earth as stated above will not allow the pipe to freeze, and from the top of the pipe the water will drain into the drainage through the Mayevsky tap and the riser will remain dry to its underground part, which is what will prevent the riser from freezing. And so now let’s look at how the author did all this and what he needed for this.

Materials: Mayevsky tap, tee, adapter, fum tape.
Tools: set of keys, gas wrench, screwdriver, pliers.

Next, install the adapter.

Then he screws on Mayevsky’s tap.

That's essentially all - the author coped with his task perfectly, now his column will not freeze even in the most severe frosts and our inventor can come in the winter and fill the bathhouse with water and then, having heated it, take a good steam))). The author’s column is also insulated, but this, as already stated, does not really help.