Hang past tense. Past tense in English

Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English. Regular and irregular verbs. Past Simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.

In this lesson we will get acquainted with regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. It is these verbs that in most cases are part of the past tense.

To express thoughts in the past, the English often use the verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of regular and irregular English verbs is required. We will look at each category of verbs separately:

Regular verbs Regular verbs are a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding the suffix -ed to the infinitive (the regular form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:

talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - remained (stop - stopped)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)

Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for person or number. Let's look at the example of the verb walk (walk, stroll):

I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / You walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he/she walked/walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked

I. There are some spelling rules when adding the ending -ed.

1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter-e , then only -d is added to it. For example:

Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoking - smoked)

2. If the verb ends with the letter -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For example:

study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean - cleaned)
try - tried (try - tried)

The exceptions are the verbs: play - played (play), stay - remained (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy).

3. In some short verbs(in 1 syllable) by adding the ending -ed The consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that ends with one vowel and one consonant letters. For example:

stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)
rob - rob bed (rob - robbed)

II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.

1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed is read softly, like /t/. For example:

walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/
ask ed /a:skt/

2. In verbs, ending in voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is pronounced voiced, like /d/. For example:

play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arrived /ə"raivd/
chang ed /tʃeindʒd/

3. The pronunciation of the verb ending -ed changes slightly when the verbs end with the sounds /t/ or /d/. Then the ending is pronounced /id/. For example:

decid ed /di"saidid/
wait ed /"weitid /
land ed /"lændid /
fad ed/"feidid/

Now let's look at the regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:

Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. - Miriam waited for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. - She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their decision.
The woman carried a heavy bag. - The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. - When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped next to my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children played hide and seek.
We stayed at my grandmother's. - We stayed with my grandmother.
I looked around but there was noone. - I looked around, but there was no one there.
He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.

As can be seen from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of the sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling of regular verbs and their pronunciation.

In contrast correct verbs, in English there is also a whole series irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:

find - found (find - found)
take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.

Here you can find the complete
The simple past tense uses verbs from the second column (Past Simple).

In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The order of the sentence is fixed: Subject - Predicate - Object - Adverbial modifier. Let's look at examples:

He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
Simon took my phone number yesterday. - Simon took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a present for her birthday.
They slept for eight hours last night. - They slept eight hours last night.

For the formation of negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except to be and modal verbs) the auxiliary verb did is required.

So, for example, in interrogative sentences comes first auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes on the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:

(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? - Has her watch stopped working?

(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught a big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?

(+) They played cards in the evening. - They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?

(+) Mr.Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr.Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?

(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?

Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn't. -Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? - Yes. - No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't." -Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No.

Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For example:

Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Why did they call us last night? - Why did they call us last night?
Who did you invite to the party? -Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?

Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did, and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in the infinitive. Let's look at examples:

(+) He didn’t want us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
(-) He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.

(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
(-) They didn’t enjoy the concert. - They didn’t like the concert.

(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.
(-) Albert didn’t promise me anything. - Albert didn’t promise me anything.

(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.
(-) My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend did not pay the fine.

(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
(-) It didn’t break after all. - And yet it didn’t break.

As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn't.

Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also became familiar with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require targeted memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several times a day and try to use them in your sentences.

If you ask what is the most difficult thing in learning English, I think most would say that it is the tenses of the verb. After all, in the Russian language there are only three of them, and in English there are as many as twelve. In this article we will take a closer look at the past tense in English. With its help we talk about the events of the past. In English, as many as five tenses can be used for this purpose. These are the four times of the Past group: , and time . In addition, you can express the past using the phrase used to and the verb would.

You can read more about each verb tense in the corresponding grammar section. Here we will focus on comparison when using these verb tenses and will only briefly repeat them.

Past Simple

This is the most understandable and used tense. Formed by adding the ending – ed to regular verbs. Irregular ones use the second form of the verb. To ask a question, we put the auxiliary verb did in first place, and take the main verb from the dictionary (that is, we do not change it). For negation we use did not + main verb without change.

We use the Past Simple in all cases when we talk about a past event as an accomplished fact. This can be a single action, an event that has been repeated several times in the past, or a chain of successive events. In this case, time indicators are often (but not necessarily) used: last week, yesterday, fife years ago, in 1969 and so on:

I saw this movie last month.
I saw this movie last month.

She came home, watched TV, cooked dinner and wrote a letter.
She came home, watched TV, cooked dinner and wrote a letter.

Every day I had lunch at this café last year.
Last year I had lunch at this cafe every day.

PastContinuous

This tense is used when it is important for us to emphasize the duration of an action in the past, to show the process itself, and not the fact of the action. To form this tense, we use the past tense of the verb to be: was/were and add the ending – ing to the main verb.

When you called me, I was watching TV.
When you called me, I was watching TV.

Yesterday I was waiting for him for three hours.
Yesterday I waited for him for three hours.

I think that the use of the Past Continuous will be more understandable if a literal translation is made: I was watching TV, I would be waiting. This translation allows us to see that action is a long process. This is the logic of the English language.

PastPerfect

This time is also called completed. For its formation it is used past form of the verb have: had and the third form of the main verb. This tense is used when they want to emphasize the completion of an action before a certain point in time or before the start of another action. It is often used in indirect speech when agreeing on times. In this case, the sentence may contain the preposition by with a specific date or time (by three o’clock) or the words when, after, before and others. There is one secret: when translating into Russian, before the verb in Past Perfect you can put the word "already".

I had done my homework by seven o’clock yesterday.
Yesterday by seven o'clock I (already) had done my homework.

She thought she had lost money.
She thought that she had (already) lost the money.

PastPerfectContinuous

It is a continuous action in the past that was going on and ended or was still going on when another past action happened. That is, we can use it when we want to emphasize the duration of a past action and at the same time its completeness. The period during which this first action lasted is indicated in the text using the prepositions for, since, or in some other way. To form this tense, the verb to b e is placed in the Past Perfect: had been, and the main verb takes on the ending - ing. Fortunately, in conversational practice this time is almost never used.

When I came home yesterday my mother had been cleaning home for two hours.
Yesterday, when I came home, my mother had been cleaning the apartment for two hours.

PresentPerfect

Although this tense refers to the present, it is most often translated into Russian as the past tense. Therefore, there is confusion when using it. The secret is that although this time is called completed, it is directly related to the present: either the action ended immediately before the moment of speech, or the action ended, and the period of time when it occurred is still ongoing, or the result of this action had an impact on situation in the present. There is another option: the period of time when the action took place has ended, but the action itself is still ongoing. The Present Perfect is formed using the verb have/has and the third form of the main verb.

I have seen her this week.
I saw her this week.

He has lived in Krasnodar for ten years.
He lived in Krasnodar for ten years. (But he still lives here).

Which past tense should I use?

In order not to get confused in the use of the past tense and to use the tense construction correctly, I propose to consider several examples.

Let's take the following situation: yesterday my mother baked a cake. And depending on what we want to emphasize in this situation, we will use different tense forms of the verb.

1. If we are simply talking about this as a fait accompli, then we need to use the Past Simple:

Yesterday my mother baked a very delicious cake.
Yesterday my mother baked a very tasty cake.

2. If it is important to show that mom baked the cake for a long time, that is, the process itself, then use the Past Continuous:

My mother was baking this cake for two hours yesterday.
Yesterday my mother baked this cake for two hours (literally, she spent two hours baking this cake).

We will use the same tense in the next phrase:

When I came home yesterday my mother was baking a cake.
Yesterday, when I came home, my mother was baking a cake (she was the baker).

Because in this sentence it is important for you to show what your mother was doing (process) when you returned home.

3. If we want to tell that the action ended at some point, that is, the cake was already ready, then the Past Perfect tense is what we need:

Yesterday when I came home my mother had baked a delicious cake.
Yesterday my mother baked a delicious cake for my arrival.

Yesterday my mother had baked a cake by the celebration beginning.
Yesterday, for the beginning of the celebration, my mother baked a cake.

4. And here is a case when the Past Perfect Continuous tense can be used: you came home yesterday, and your mother was preparing a cake, and she had been doing this for two hours:

When I came home yesterday my mother had been baking a cake for two hours.
Yesterday, when I came home, my mother had already been baking a cake for two hours.

Please note that if we remove the period of time during which the first action lasted (the cake was being prepared) to the moment when the second action occurred (I came home), then in this case we need to use the Past Continuous tense (see example above).

5. In the case when it is important for us to emphasize the presence of the cake that mom made yesterday, we can use present time Perfect. At the same time, it is not so important who, when and how long it took to prepare this cake, but what is important is that it exists and you can try it, and everything else is incidental information:

Has your mother baked a cake?
Did your mother bake a cake? (Meaning: Do you have cake?)

My mother has baked a cake. Would you like to try it?
My mother baked a cake. Want to try it? (Meaning there is cake to try).

Another situation

Let's take another example: you thought about something in the past.

I never thought about this.
I never thought about it. – You emphasize the fact of the absence of thoughts (about it) ever in the past.

I thought about this last week.
I thought about this last week. – You say that in the past the thought (about this) came to you.

2. Past Continuous

I was thinking about this all day.
I've been thinking about this all day. – You want to emphasize that the thinking process was long.

I was thinking about it when you came back.
I was thinking about this when you came back. – You want to emphasize that at the time of her return you were in the process of thinking.

I had thought a lot about this before.
I've thought about this a lot before. – You want to emphasize that you used to think (about this), but this process has ended and you no longer think about it.

When you called, I already had thought about this.
When you called, I already thought about it. – You want to emphasize that by the time she called, you had already thought about everything and are not thinking about it anymore.

4. Past Perfect Continuous

I told her that I had been thinking about it for three months.
I told her that I had been thinking about this for three months. – You want to emphasize that your thoughts (about this) continued for three months before the moment of conversation with her.

5. Present Perfect

I have thought about this. I agree.
I thought about it. I agree. – You want to emphasize the result of your thoughts – agreement.

Two More Ways to Express the Past

In order to talk about the past, in addition to tense forms of verbs, in English there are also used designs to and would.

Usedto can be used instead of the Past Simple when a habitual or repeatedly repeated action takes place in the past, which no longer occurs in the present. Or when we describe a condition or situation that was in the past, but now it does not exist. For example:

She used to go for a walk in this park every morning.
She used to walk in this park every morning (but now she doesn’t).

When I lived in Sochi, I didn’t use to have a car.
When I lived in Sochi, I didn’t have a car (but now I do).

If you are in doubt about whether it is better to use the phrase used to or the Past Simple, then pay attention to what action you want to describe. If the action or state was habitual, routine, often repeated in the past, then declarative sentence it's better to use used to . However, in interrogative and negative sentence It is preferable to use the Past Simple.

If the sentence contains an indication of a specific point in time ( last month, last year, yesterday and others), then the used to phrase cannot be used. This phrase is also not used if the sentence indicates the duration of the action (for five years - within five years) or its frequency (three times - three times). In this case, the Past Simple tense is used. For example:

She went for a walk in this park last year.
Last year she walked in this park.

She went for a walk in this park every morning for five years.
She walked in this park every morning for five years.

She went for a walk in this park three times.
She went for a walk to this park three times.

Verb would can also be used to describe repeated actions in the past that no longer occur, but it is not used to describe states. For example:

When I was young I would play volleyball.
When I was young, I played volleyball.

But if you want to describe a situation or state in the past, then you need to use the used to phrase:

I used to live in Moscow.
I used to live in Moscow.

As you can see, if you understand the past tense in English, it turns out that not everything is so complicated. Depending on what you want to emphasize: the duration of the action, its completion, repetition in the past, influence on the present, or the very fact of the action, you can use the tense or construction you need. The more conversational practice you have, the easier it is to navigate verb tenses. Practice English with us on the channel “English - Speak Freely!” and be successful in learning the language!

So as not to miss new ones useful materials,

This article is the second in the series “Times of the English Language”. The first was devoted to ways of expressing it in this language, and this material will present past tense in English. As we know, the past tense is a form of the verb that indicates the time of the action, which in in this case happened in the past. In English we call all past tenses Past Tenses, the difference of which lies only in their duration or quality: will it be simple past -, long past - or past perfect – . Let us dwell on each of the indicated past tenses in English.

Past Simple - simple past tense in English

This tense can be called practically the main one when expressing the past tense in English, since it, in principle, expresses any action that took place in the past. Of course, it competes with this time , which, being the present perfect tense, is nevertheless translated by a verb in the past tense. In this case, you should remember only one point - Present Perfect comes into force only in cases where the action occurred in the past and in some way affects or is connected with the present. If past events have no such connection, take Past Simple and use it without doubt.

Time is formed Past Simple simple: if , take its second form (from the table); if the verb is correct, add an ending to it - ed. Need a question? We use did. The predicate is expressed by a verb to be in the required form? We put it at the beginning of the sentence and we're done. Is denial necessary? The same auxiliary verb will come to the rescue did, only in company with a particle not. The same particle is easily attached to the verb to be in the past tense form in English.

To sum it up: time Past Simple we use in the following cases:

our action happened in the past and has nothing to do with the present. Pay attention to the marker words: yesterday(yesterday), last month(last month) 5 years ago(5 years ago), in 1999(in 1999)
My brother was born in 1987. - My brother was born in 1987.

She moved to the capital 7 years ago. - She moved to the capital seven years ago.

We saw him last month. - We saw him last month.
we strive to retell a series of actions in the past
He wrote the letter, put it in the envelope, left it on the table and went out. - He wrote a letter, put it in an envelope, left it on the table and left.
we want to show that the action referred to was common and occurred repeatedly in the past over a period of time
From 1995 to 2000 he worked as a manager. - He worked as a manager from 1995 to 2000.
if our goal is to present a well-known fact of the past
The Second World War began in 1939. - Second World War started in 1939.

Past Continuous - long past tense in English

The only difference between this time and the previous one is that in this case the action of the past is shown in process. For example:

Mary was doing chores at 10 a.m. - Mary was cleaning at 10 o’clock in the morning.

As a cheat sheet, you can remember that the verb will be of the imperfect form. From the sentence it is clear that the formation of time Past Continuous requires only knowledge of the verb form to be - was / were. To one of them we add the main verb and assign an ending to it - ing. In the case of an interrogative sentence, we place the auxiliary verb at the beginning, and in a negative sentence we attach it to the same auxiliary verb not.

You also need to use this past tense in English:

if you are talking about an action that happened at a certain point in the past
She was drinking coffee when I came in. - She was drinking coffee when I arrived.
if you want to characterize a person, thus making your speech emotionally charged
My mother was always hiding sweets from me when I was a kid. - When I was a child, my mother constantly hid sweets from me.

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous - perfect and perfect continuous past tenses in English

To form these times you will need good knowledge forms of verbs, both regular and irregular. For Past Perfect need an auxiliary verb have in the past tense form in English, that is had and participle II of the main verb (for regular ones - form in - ed, for incorrect ones – the third form in ). For time use an auxiliary verb to be in the form of time Past Perfect, that is had been, to which we add the main verb as participle I, that is, the form in - ing. In question had goes to the beginning of the sentence, and when negated, calls to itself not.

The simple perfect tense is used only in a few cases:

if we want to express an action that ended before a certain point in the past
Malfoy had done the work by the time his friend returned. - Malfoy had finished all the work by the time his friend returned.
if we want to show two actions, one of which was in progress, and the second was completed by the time it started.
The rain had stopped and the stars were twinkling on the dark sky. - The rain stopped, and the stars sparkled in the dark sky.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

There is a special category of verbs in the English language that does not follow generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are usually called “wrong”. Unlike “regular” verbs, to which the ending –ed is added to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put – put – put;
drive – drove – driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second one has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have concluded that these are some kind of “fossils” remaining in the language from ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. It is this category that irregular verbs belong to.

Table of irregular English verbs:

VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PAST PARTICIPLE	TRANSLATION
abide [əbʌid]	abode [əbəud]	abode [əbəud]	endure, endure
arise [ə"raiz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə"riz(ə)n]	To arise, to happen
awake [ə"weik]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [ə"wəukən]	Wake up, wake up
be	was, were	been	Be
bear	bore	borne	carry, bear
beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	Beat
become	became	become	Become
begin	began	begun	Start off
hold	beheld	beheld	contemplate, see
bend	bent	bent	Bend
bereave		bereft/bereaved	Deprive, take away
beseech		bethought/beseeched	Beg, beg
beset	beset	beset	Surround
bet	bet	bet	argue
bid	bid / bade	bidden	Offer, order
bind	bound	bound	Bind
bite	bit	bitten	bite, peck
bleed	bled	bled	Bleed
blow	blew	blown	Blow
break	broke	broken ["brouk(e)n]	Break
breed	bred	bred	Breed, multiply
bring	brought	brought	Bring
browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t]	Intimidate, intimidate
build	built	built	Build
burn	burnt	burnt	burn
burst	burst	burst	Break out
bust	busted	busted	Go bankrupt, go broke
buy	bought	bought	Buy
cast	cast	cast	Throw, throw away
catch	caught	caught	Catch, grab, catch
choose	chose [ʃəuz]	chosen	Choose
cleave	cleft	cleft	Split, cut
cling	clung	clung	cling, hold on
clothe		clothed/clad	Dress
come	came	come	Come
cost	cost	cost	Cost
creep	crept	crept	Crawl
cut	cut	cut	Cut
deal	dealt	dealt	Deal with
dig	dug	dug	Dig
disprove	disproved	disproved/disproven	Refute
dive	dove	dived	Dive, submerge
do	did	done	Do
draw	drew	drawn	Draw, drag
dream	dream	dream	Dream, doze
drink	drank	drunk	Drink
drive	drove	driven ["drivn]	Drive
dwell		dwelt/dwelled	reside, inhabit
eat	ate	eaten ["i:tn]	Eat
fall	fell	fallen ["fɔ:lən]	Fall
feed	fed	fed	Feed
feel	felt	felt	Feel
fight	fought	fought	Fight
find	found	found	Find
fit	fit	fit	Fit to size
flee	fled	fled	Run away, disappear
fling	flung	flung	Throw, throw
fly	flew	flown	Fly
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Forbid
forgo (forego)	forewent	foregone	refuse, abstain
forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	Forecast
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	Anticipate, predict
foretell	foretold	foretold	Predict, foretell
forget	forgot	forgotten	Forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forgive
forsake	forsook	forsaken	Leave, leave
freeze	froze	frozen ["frouzn]	Freeze
get	got	got	Receive
gild	gilt	gilt	Gild
give	gave	given	Giving
go	went	gone	Go
grind	ground	ground	Grind, grind
grow	grew	grown	Grow
hang	hung	hung	Hang
have	had	had	Have
hear	heard	heard	Hear
hide	hid	hidden ["hidn]	Hide
heave	heaved / hove	heaved / hove	Pull, push
hew	hewed	hewn/hewed/	chop down, cut down
hit	hit	hit	Hit the target
hide	hid	hidden	Hide, hide
hold	held	held	Hold
hurt	hurt	hurt	Hurt
inlay [ɪnˈleɪ]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	invest (money), inlay
input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	Enter, enter
interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv]	interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv]	interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n]	Weave
keep	kept	kept	Contain
kneel	knelt	knelt	Kneel
knit	knit	knit	Knit, darn
know	knew	known	Know
lay	laid	laid	Putting
lead	led	led	News
lean	leant	leant	Tilt
leap	leapt	leapt	Jump, gallop
learn	learn	learn	Learn
leave	left	left	Leave
lend	tape	tape	Occupy
let	let	let	Let
lie	lay	lain	Lie
light	lit	lit	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	Lose
make	made	made	Produce
mean	meant	meant	Mean
meet	met	met	Meet
mistake	mistook	mistaken	To be wrong
mow	mowed	town	Mow, cut
overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm]	overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcome, overcome
pay	paid	paid	Pay
plead		declare / pled	Beg, beg
prove	proved	proven	Prove
put	put	put	Put
quit	quit	quit	Go out
read	read	read	Read
relay	relayed	relayed	Transmit, broadcast
rid	rid	rid	To deliver, to liberate
ride	rode	ridden ["ridn]	Ride a horse
ring	rank	rung	Ring
rise	rose	risen ["rizn]	Get up
run	ran	run	Run
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	Sawing, sawing
say	said	said	Speak
see	saw	seen	See
seek	sought	sought	Search
sell	sold	sold	Sell
send	sent	sent	Send
set	set	set	Put
sew	sewed	sewn	Sew
shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n]	Shake
shave [ʃeɪv]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]/ shaven [ʃeɪvən]	Shave, shave
shear [ʃɪə]	sheared [ʃɪəd]	sheared [ʃɪəd]/ shorn [ʃɔ:n]	Cut, cut
shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	Spill, lose
shine [ʃaɪn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	Shine, shine
shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	Shit
shoe [ʃu:]	shod [ʃɒd]	shod [ʃɒd]	Shoe, shoe
shoot [ʃu:t]	shot [ʃɒt]	shot [ʃɒt]	Shoot, take pictures
show [ʃəu]	showed [ʃəud]	shown [ʃəun]	Show
shrink [ʃriŋk]	shrank [ʃræŋk]	shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]	Reduce
shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	Close
sing	sang	sung	Sing
sink	sank, sunk	sunk	Drown
sit	sat	sat	Sit
slay	slew	slain	Kill, put to death
sleep	slept	slept	Sleep
slide	slide	slide	Slide
sling	slung	slung	Hang
slink		slunk/slinked	Slip away
slit	slit	slit	Cut, cut
smell	smelt	smelt	Smell, feel
smite	smote	smitten [ˈsmɪtn]	Hit, hit
sow	sowed	south	Sow
speak	spoke	spoken ["spouk(e)n]	Speak
speed	sped	sped	Hurry, rush
spell	spelled	spelled	Spell it out
spend	spent	spent	Spend
spill	spilt	spilt	Spill
spin	spun	spun	Twist, twirl
spit	spit/spat	spit/spat	Spit
split	split	split	Divide, break
spoiler	spoilt	spoilt	Spoil
spread	spread	spread	spread out
spring	sprang	sprung	Jump
stand	stood	stood	Stand
steal	stole	stolen ["stəulən]	Steal
stick	stuck	stuck	Stab
sting	stung	stung	Sting
stink	stank	stunk	Stink, smell
strew	strewed	strewn	Sprinkle
stride	strode	stridden	Step
strike	struck	struck / stricken	Strike, strike
string	strung	strung	string, hang
strive		strive / strive	Try, try
swear	swore	sworn	swear, swear
sweat		sweat / sweated	Sweat
sweep	swept	swept	Sweep
swell	swelled	swollen ["swoul(e)n]	Swell
swim	swam	swum	Swim
swing	swung	swung	Sway
take	took	taken ["teik(ə)n]	Take, take
teach	taught	taught	Learn
tear	tore	torn	Tear
tell	told	told	Tell
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]	Think
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]	Throw
thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	Stick it in, stick it in
thread	trod	trodden	Trample, crush
[ʌndəˈɡəʊ]	passed [ʌndə"wɛnt]	undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn]	experience, endure
understand [ʌndə"stænd]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	Understand
undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk]	undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk]	took [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n]	undertake, commit
undo ["ʌn"du:]	undid ["ʌn"dɪd]	undone ["ʌn"dʌn]	Destroy, cancel
upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	Upset, upset
wake	woke up	woken ["wouk(e)n]	Wake up
wear	wore	worn	Wear
weave	wove / weaved	wove / weaved	Weave, weave
wed	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	Marry
weep	wept	wept	Cry
wet	wet	wet	Get wet
win	won	won	Win
wind	wound	wound	Wriggle
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	Remove, delete
withhold	withheld	withheld	Hold, hide
withstand	withstood	withstood	Withstand, resist
wring	wrung	wrung	Squeeze, twist
write	wrote	written ["ritn]	Write

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in the English language (top 100, compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voiceovers, etc. The most commonly used irregular verbs come first, then the least used.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British version of English irregular verbs. The author gives you the opportunity to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs using rap.

Interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of using irregular verbs:

1. I could swim when I was five.	1. I knew how to swim when I was five years old.

2.Peter became an entrepreneur by chance.	2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident.

3. He took another day off.	3. He took another day off.

4. They had two cats and a dog.	4. They had two cats and one dog.

5. We did lots of work yesterday.	5. We did great job yesterday.

6.Jane ate the last piece of cake.	6. Jane ate the last piece of pie.

7. He got another chance to gain her heart.	7. He got another chance to win her heart.

8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son.	8. I gave my old bicycle to my neighbor's son.

9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago..	9. We went to the nearest store shopping mall two days ago.

10. She made a rather delicious pasta.	10. She made quite tasty pasta.


11.Have you bought a new car?	11. Did you buy a new car?

12. We've driven all the way down to her house.	12. We drove all the way to her house.

13. She's grown so much since we last saw her.	13. She has grown so much since we last saw her.

14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle?	14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle?

15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood.	15. You don’t need to repeat it twice, since everything is understood.

16. Their dog has bitten my sister today.	16. Their dog bit my sister today.

17.Have you chosen your future profession?	17. Have you chosen your future profession?

18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths.	18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths.

19. I've hidden a folder and now I can"t find it.	19. I hid the folder and now I can’t find it.

20. It was thought to be necessary for him.	20. Everyone thought that this would benefit him.

How is it formed past tense in English ? How to use regular and irregular verbs? How do you determine whether a verb is regular or irregular?
So, let's look at each category of verbs separately:

Regular verbs(Regular verbs) are a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding suffix-ed to the infinitive (the usual form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:
talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - remained (stop - stopped)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)
Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for person or number. Let's look at the example of the verb walk (walk, stroll):
I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / You walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he/she walked/walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked

I. There are some spelling rules when adding the ending -ed.
1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter - e, then only -d is added to it. For example:

change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)

2. If the verb ends with a letter - y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For example:
study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean - cleaned)
try - tried (try - tried)

Exception verbs make up: play - played (play), stay - stayed (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy).

3. In some short verbs (1 syllable) when adding the ending -ed The consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that ends with one vowel and one consonant. For example:
stop - stopped (stop - stopped)

II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.
1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed is read softly, like /t/. For example:
walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/
ask ed /a:skt/

2. In verbs, ending for voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is read loudly, like /d/. For example:
play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arrived /ə"raivd/
chang ed /tʃeindʒd/

3. Pronunciation verb endings-ed changes slightly when verbs end with sounds/t/ or /d/. Then the ending is pronounced /id/. For example:
decid ed /di"saidid/
wait ed /"weitid /
land ed /"lændid /
fad ed/"feidid/

Now let's look at the regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:

She walked towards the river. - She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their decision.
The woman carried a heavy bag. - The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped next to my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children played hide and seek.
We stayed at my grandmother's. - We stayed with my grandmother.
I looked around but there was noone. - I looked around, but there was no one there.

In contrast to regular verbs, English also has a number of irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:
find - found (find - found)

take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.

The simple past tense uses verbs from the second column (Past Simple).
In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The order of the sentence is fixed: Subject - Predicate - Object - Adverbial modifier. Let's look at examples:

He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a present for her birthday.

To form negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except to be and modal verbs), the auxiliary verb did must be used.
So, for example, in interrogative sentences comes first auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes on the function of the past tense.
Let's look at a few examples:

Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
Did she watch stop working? - Has her watch stopped working?

He caught a big fish. - He caught a big fish.
Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?

His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?

As can be seen from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change in persons or numbers, like, for example, the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions belong to the general category, and require short answers, which, unlike Russian “yes” and “no,” depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb.
Let's take a closer look:
Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn't. -Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? - Yes. - No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. -Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No.

Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For example:

Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Who did you invite to the party? -Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?

Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did, and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in the infinitive. Let's look at examples:

He didn't want us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.

They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
They didn't enjoy the concert. - They didn't like the concert.

My friend paid the fine. - My friend paid the fine.
My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend did not pay the fine.

It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
It didn't break after all. - And yet it didn't break.

As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn't.