Pronominien taivutus -Declension of pronouns
While studying cases, we previously looked at them using the example of nouns that are inflected according to the rules. As for pronouns, many of them do not follow the rules. Let's look at the declension of pronouns according to locative cases. There is no gender in the Finnish language, so all words are translated into masculine, feminine, and neuter gender, for example, tämä - this, this, this.
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Nominative |
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Inessiv |
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Elative |
from this |
from this |
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Illative |
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Adessiv |
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Ablative |
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Allative |
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Nominative |
(specific question) |
what (question by attribute) |
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Inessiv |
in which |
in which, where |
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Elative |
from which |
from which, from where |
from which |
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Illative |
in which |
in which, where |
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Adessiv |
on which |
on which |
on which |
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Ablative |
from which |
from which |
from which |
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Allative |
to which |
on what |
on what |
tä mä – this
Tämä auto on min. This my car.
Asun tassä talossa. I live V this home.
Muutan tästä kaupungista toiseen kaupunkiin. I'll move from this city to another city.
Haluan muuttaa tähän kaupunkiin. I want to move this city.
Asun tä llä kadulla. I live on this street.
Bussi lähtee tä ltä kadulta. The bus leaves with this streets.
Bussi tule telle kadulle. The bus will come for this street.
tuo –That
Tuo kirja on sanakirja. Ta book dictionary.
Työskentelemme tuossa rakennuksessa. We are working V volume building.
Haluamme muuttaa tuosta Huoneesta tähän huoneeseen numero kolme. We want to move from that rooms in this room number three.
Haluan muuttaa tuohon huoneeseen. I want to move V that room.
Anssi asuu Tuolla kadulla. Anssi lives on that street.
Bussi tule tuolta kadulta. The bus will come with that streets.
Bussi menee Tuolle kadulle. The bus is coming on that street.
se- this, it(close in meaning to the word “tämä - this”, but tämä is more often used when pointing at an object with a finger, and se - when talking about an object in principle)
Se on kirjasto. This library.
Työskentelen siinä firmassa. I am working in this company.
Haluan muuttaa siitä kaupungista. I want to move from this cities.
Pian me muutamme siihen kaupunkiin. We'll be moving soon this city.
Asutko sillä Kadulla? you live on this street?
Bussi tule silentä kadulta. The bus is coming with this streets.
Bussi tule sille kadulle. The bus is coming for this street.
joka-which
Kuka on tuo poika, joka istuu yksin? Who is that boy which sitting alone?
Kaupunki, jossa minä asun, on oikein kaunis. City, in which I live, very beautiful.
Kaupunki, josta minä olen kotoisin, on oikein kaunis. City, from which I come from very handsome.
Kaupunki, johon haluan muuttaa, on oikein kaunis. City, in which I want to move, very beautiful.
Katu, jolla minä asun, on hiljainen. Street, on which I live quietly.
Lentokentta, jolta Lennät Saksaan, on aika suuri. Airport, from which you'll fly to Germany, quite a big one.
Rautatieasema, jolle saavumme, on aika suuri. Railway station, to which we arrive, quite big.
mikä – which, where(a specific question requiring a specific answer, for example, house number three, the Sokos Hotel, the book “War and Peace”)
Mikä kirja tämä on? What kind of book is this? which is this a book?" Tämä on “Sota ja rauha”. This is War and Peace.
Missä talossa sinä asut? In what do you live at home? Asun talossa numero kolme. I live in house number three.
Mistä kaupungista olet kotoisin? From which Where are you from? Olen kotoisin Helsingistä. I am originally from Helsinki.
Mihin kaupunkiin haluat muuttaa? Which city do you want to move? Haluan muuttaa Lontooseen. I want to move to London.
Millä kadulla sinä asut? On what do you live on the street? Asun Liisankadulla. I live on Liisankatu.
Miltä kadulta bussi tulee? From what street bus coming? Bussi tulee Liisankadulta. The bus comes from Liisankatu.
Mille kadulle bussi tulee? Which one Will the bus come outside? Bussi tulee Esplanadille. The bus will arrive at the Esplanadi.
millainen- Which(a question based on an attribute that requires an answer based on the subject, that is, an adjective, for example, a big house, a small street, an interesting book, a gray building, a cozy room)
Millainen se elokuva on? Which is this a movie? Se on aika romanttinen. It's quite romantic.
Millaisessa talossa sinä asut? In what do you live at home? Asun suuressa mukavassa talossa. I live in a large comfortable house.
Millaisesta kaupungista olet kotoisin? From which Where are you from? Olen kotoisin pienestä kaupungistä. I come from a small town.
Millaiseen kaupunkiin haluat muuttaa? Which city do you want to move? Haluan muuttaa suureen kaupunkiin, missä on monta museota ja teatteria. I want to move to a big city where there are many museums and theaters.
Millaisella Kadulla te asutte? On what street do you live? Me asumme pienellä kadulla. We live on a small street.
Millaiselta kadulta bussi tulee? What street does the bus come from? Bussi tulee suurelta kadulta. The bus comes from the main street.
Millaiselle kadulle bussi tulee? Which one does the bus come outside? Bussi tulee suurelle kadulle. The bus arrives on the main street.
Elatiivi-Case Elative
Let us now consider the third case when the Elative case is used - this is when some verb requires that the noun that this verb controls be in the Elative case form. This phenomenon, when any verb requires some case after itself, is called verb control. These verbs along with their controls must be remembered. In the list of new words at the beginning of each lesson, next to such verbs it will be written what case this verb requires after itself. Let's give examples of verbs that require the Elative case after themselves:
On page 46 we learned the first meaning of the Elative case ( weak base + -sta/ stä ) is the movement " from something", for example, Italiasta - from Italy, Suomesta - from Finland.
Let us now consider the second meaning of the Elative case - this is an expression of the meaning “in the opinion of someone”, for example:
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minusta - in my opinion, in my opinion sinusta - in your opinion, in your opinion hänestä – in his opinion |
meistä – in our opinion teistä – in your opinion heistä – in their opinion |
tykä tä (tykkää-) – to like, to love (something)
Minä tykkään matkustamisesta. I love to travel (“travelling”).
Me tykkäämme tästä kirjasta. We like this book (“we love this book”).
Hän tykkää tästä asunnosta. He likes this apartment (“he loves this apartment”).
pitää (pitä-, pidä-) – to like, to love (something)
Minä pidän matkustamisesta. I like to travel (“I love traveling”).
Minä pidän tuosta huoneesta. I like that room (“I love that room”).
Pidätkö sinä työstäsi? Do you like your job (“do you love your job”)?
Pidättekö te tästä kaapista? Do you like this closet (“do you love this closet”)?
Mistä kirjasta pidät eniten? What book do you like (“what book do you love”) the most?
Kaappi, josta minä pidän, on oikein kallis. The cabinet that I like (“that I love”) is very expensive.
Please note that sentences with the verbs pitää and tykätä are built, if translated literally, “I love” with the word “I”, and not “I like” with the word “me”, etc., that is, minä pidän, minä tykkään – “I love” / I like; sinä pidät, sinä tykkäät – “YOU love” / you like; hän pitää, hän tykkää – “HE loves” / he likes; me pidämme, me tykkäämme – “WE love” / we like; te pidätte, te tykkäätte – “YOU love” / you like; he pitävät, he tykkäävät – “THEY love” / they like it.
ollavä synyt– to be tired (of something)
Olen väsynyt työstä. I'm tired from work.
Oletko väsynyt matkustamisesta? Are you tired of traveling?
Hän on väsynyt opiskelusta. He is tired of studying.
luopua (luopu-, luovu-) – refuse (something)
Luovun työstä. I will refuse work.
Emme voi luopua työstä. We can't refuse to work.
Hän luopuu tästä kirjasta. He will refuse this book.
vapautua (vapautu-, vapaudu-) – free yourself (from something)
Vapaudun työstä kello kuusi. I leave work at six o'clock.
Opiskelija vapautuu tästä tehtävästä. The student is excused from this task.
Koska hän vapautuu vankilasta? When is he released from prison?
ollakiinnostunut- to be interested, to be interested in (something)
Oletko kiinnostunut siitä pojasta? Are you interested in this boy?
Hän on kiinnostunut tästä tytöstä. He is interested in this girl.
Olen kiinnostunut tästä filmista. I'm interested in this film.
nauttia (nautti-, nauti-) – enjoy (something)
Nautin matkustamisesta. I enjoy traveling.
Nautimme työstä. We enjoy our work.
Nautitko tästä kirjasta? Are you enjoying this book?
innostua (innostu-) – to be inspired (by something, from something)
Innostumme ajatuksesta, että pian olemme Kyproksessa. We are inspired by the thought (“thought”) that we will soon be in (“in”) Cyprus.
Innostun työstä. I'm excited about the work.
Innostutko siitä? Are you inspired by this?
kertoa (kerto-, kerro-) – talk (about something)
Voitko kertoa tästä kirjasta? Can you tell us about this book?
Voitteko kertoa tästä filmista? Can you tell us about this film?
Hän kertoo harrastuksestaan. He will talk about his hobby.
lukea (Luke-, lue-) – read (about something)
Luen tästä konsestista. I'm reading about this concert.
Luemme siitä. We'll read about it.
Hän lukee paljon kaikesta. He reads a lot about everything.
tietää (tietä-, tiedä-)– know (Ohow- That)
Tiedän paljon Venäjästä. I know a lot about Russia.
Tiedätkö tästä filmistä? Do you know about this movie?
Tiedättekö tästä kirjasta? Do you know about this book?
keskustella (keskustele-) –talk (Ohow- That)
Keskustelemme tästä filmistä. We are talking about this film.
He keskustelevat tästä kirjasta. They are talking about this book.
Keskusteletteko te tärkeästä asiasta? Are you talking about an important matter?
haaveilla (haaveile-) –dream (Ohow- That)
Haaveilen tästä matkasta. I dream about this trip.
Haaveilemme siitä. We dream about it.
Haaveiletko uudesta isosta asunnosta? Are you dreaming of a new big apartment?
“Tykätä” ja “pitää” -Word « like» – “tykätä”And“pitää”
We studied two words with the meaning “to like, to love” - tykätä and pitää. These words have the same meaning, but there are different cases when it is necessary to use one or another word, namely:
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tykätä (tykkää-) After the word tykätä you can also use noun and verb. |
pitää (pitä-, pidä-) After the word pitää you can use noun only. The verb cannot be used after the word pitää. |
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Tykkään matkustaa. I love travel. Tykkään matkustamisesta*. I love to travel (" trips»). Tykkään tä stä kirjasta. I like this book. Tykkään työ skennellä . I like work. Tykkään työ stä ni. I like my job. Tykkään käydä kuntosalilla. I like go to (“to”) the gym. Tykkään kuntosalista. I like gym. Tykkäämme keskustella Jussin kanssa. We like it talk with Jussi. Tykkäämme Jussista. We like it Jussi. Hän tykkää kavella sinun kanssasi. He likes it walk with you. Hän tykkää sinusta. You he likes you. |
Pidän matkustamisesta*. I love to travel (" trips»). Pidän tästä kirjasta. I like this book. Pidän työ stä ni. I like my job. Pidän kuntosalista. I like gym. Pidämme Jussista. We like it Jussi. Hän pitää sinusta. You he likes you. |
*The word matkustaminen (matkustamis-, matkustamise-) has the properties of a noun and is translated as “travel” and, therefore, can be used after the verb pitää, as well as tykätä. After these verbs, as they require, the noun is in the Elative form: stem matkustamise- + -sta matkustamisesta.
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Personal pronouns I YOU HE THEY
Pronouns are words that we use “instead of a name.”
In general, in all languages there are only 6 “personal” variants - three in the singular - I, you, he (she, it) and 3 in the plural - we, you, they.
What does it mean? This means that we all equally divide people into “ours” and “not ours”! True, there are some “deviations”. For example, in English There are also 6 pronouns, but there is no division into “you” and “you”; for the English this is the bottom and the same. Although it’s strange, there’s a big difference: I give it to you or you. In Russian, it is very detailed - he, she or it. By the way, few languages have neuter gender. But the Finns don’t make any distinction between “he” and “she” at all. Wow!! - I hear those who are against “geyopa” shouting triumphantly. “Look, how far these Scandinavian Finns have gone, and indeed the whole of Europe! They have no division into men and women! This is some kind of asexual something, instead He And she! - they will be indignant.
Well, no, it's not that bad. And the men here are brutal, and the women, no matter how strong they seem, are women in all respects. By the way, it is in Russian that there is “something intersex” - the neuter gender :) And the fact that the Finns have “he” and “she” are equally hän, obviously, history is to blame. More precisely, the hard life of the Finnish people. For almost 700 years, the Finns, under sensitive Swedish rule, cultivated rocks and swamps in a cold, dark climate. They say that life was so hard that it was impossible to differentiate between a man and a woman. Women shared hard physical labor completely and equally with men, otherwise there was no way to survive. Since then, it has been the custom - hän and HE and SHE.
So, personal pronouns. Who? Kuka?
unit pl.
1st person I - minä we - me
2nd person You - sinä you - te
3rd person He (she) - hän they - he
Rules:
1- The pronouns minä and sinä in conversation are almost always omitted, since at the end of the verb it is clear that we are talking about I or YOU:
Asua- live
AsuN Suomessa. AsuT Suomessa. It's like in Russian. I live in Finland. LIVE in Finland.
2 - hän - it's only about people! About animals, like about all objects, we say se. Se is also a pronoun, only demonstrative.
3. B colloquial speech hän often replaced by se, A he onne. We sometimes say that too. For example, two girlfriends are drinking tea in the kitchen. Nodding to the side of her husband sitting in another room, one of her friends asks: “Is this guy in a bad mood today, or what?” However, foreigners are not recommended to engage in such conversational substitutions. It's better to keep it simple, he is hän and they are he.
4. In colloquial speech instead minä we speak and write mä, instead sina— sä
Pronouns, since they are “instead of a name,” will also change according to cases.
Namely:
1. My favorite.
WHOSE? Kenen? (in adult terms this case is called Genetiv, Genetiivi)
mine - minun
yours - sinun
his (her) - hänen
ours - meidan
yours - teidan
their- heidän
To say “with you”, “with him”, “with you”, etc., we also take “genitive” + kanssa (c):
minun kanssa - with me, sun kanssa - with you, heidan kanssa - with them
In colloquial speech, abbreviated versions are used: mun, sun, sen, meiän, teiän, niiden
Here is a picture for clarity:
Pay attention in colloquial speech:
- IM will sound like niiden
- his bag (lauku) will sound - sen laukunsa, in literary speech - hänen laukunsa
So! Where does -nsa come from at the end of a word? Let me explain. This is a "possessive suffix". Something that explains who owns what. Clarifies “whose”? Of course, we have already said “him”, hänen, but it seems to the Finns that this is not enough, they also add -nsa.
Possessive suffixes
unit pl.
my - ni our -mme
yours - si yours -nne
his (her) - nsa their -nsa
We noticed that his, And her, And their— the same suffix -nsa everywhere? So the Finns noticed that it is not very clear who they are talking about, therefore, they always put an explanatory pronoun before the word:
Otin hänen autonsa. — I took his car.
Otin teidän hattunsa - I took their hat.
In other cases, you may not need to specify:Otin hattuni I took my (my) hat. ABOUTtit hattumme - You took our hat.
Let's digress a little from the topic and pay attention to the words:
otta - to take
huutaa - shout älä huuda! - don't shout!
vastaa - answer
niin - yes
se - this (that)
miten - how
metsään - forms from the word metsä - forest
Partitive: I love you
To love, to tease, to call, to call, there is no WHOM? KETÄ?:
minua - mesinua - youhäntä - his
meitä - usteitä - youheitä - them
Ketä me odotamme? - Odotamme heitä? Who are we waiting for? - We're waiting for them.
Ketä sä rakastat? - Rakastan sinua sua? Who do you love? - Love you.
Ketä hän etsii? - Hän etsii meitä. Who is he looking for? - He's looking for us.
Han sanoi minua hölmöksi - he called me a fool
Kuvitelin häntä - represented her (younger) -
Lulin sinua - considered you (Swedish)
odota - wait
rakastaa - to love 
Next case
Accusative (Akkusatiivi) I see you!
In the Russian language there are 2 cases in which sometimes the forms of the words coincide, for example: I love (genitive) you And I see(accusative) you. In Finnish these will be different words, although they are translated into Russian the same way.
See, hear, know, meet, forget whom? KENET?
me - minutesinut - youhänet - his
meidät - usteidät - youheidät - them
Haluan tavata sinut. Entä sä? Haluakto tavata minut?
I want to meet you. And you? Do you want to meet me?
Inessiv (Inessiivi) Where are you?
m inussa - in me sinussa - in you hänessä - in him
meissä - in us teissä in you heissä - in them
Examples are difficult, something medical, for example:
Vauva on minussa - Baby (baby) in me
but mostly something religious:
Jumala asuu minusa, Jumala asuu sinussa - God lives in me, God lives in you.
haluta - to want, to desire
tavata - to meet (to)
Illative Illatiivi - In love with you! Rely on me!
Case of direction - To whom? To whom? Keneen?
Fall in love, stare, leave
minuun – in (on) mesinuun - in (on) you
häneen - in (on) him heihin - in them
meihin - in us
teihin - in you
It must be said that in this case there are perhaps the greatest differences with the Russian language. The Finnish language is logical, and the logic is as follows - everything that concerns the direction - from me to you, or simply - to you, to someone; when an action or situation is directed at someone, we boldly use these forms.
In love with her - Olen rakasunut häneen.
How does she feel about you? — Miten hän suhtaututuu teihin?
I treat him well - Suhtaudun häneen hyvin
Rely on me (trust me) - Luota minuun
Compare him with me - vertaa häntä minuun (What is comparison? We looked in one direction, then in another, and compared)
He referred to you - hän viittasi sunuun
Lisa ei saa kotntaktia heihin - Lisa cannot communicate (Lisa does not communicate) with them. The same direction - communication goes from Lisa to “them”.
Relate, rely, be similar, go crazy, compare, refer - all this is the same as “in love with you” or “lean on me”
Olen rakasunut sinua! Luota minuun!
Luotta - trust, rely
viitata - to refer
verrata - compare
suhtautua- relate
olla rakasunut - to be in love
Elativi (Elatiivi) What do you know about me?
About whom? For whom? - Kenestä?
This case is also used in a variety of ways, with the most basic meaning:
- to talk about someone, in the same way:
- to do for someone
- with words expressing the direction from the outside - outward, disconnection, separation - divorce him, get rid of him, leave them, turn away from you, in the same meaning it is used
-expression of someone’s opinion “in my opinion”, in yours, in ours, etc.
minusta - about me, for mesinusta - about you, for you
hänestä - about him heistä - about them
meistä - about us teistä - about you
Kuulin hänestä - heard about him.
Ajatella sinusta - to think, to have an opinion about you
Minusta on sairas - in my opinion he is sick
Hän erosi miehestään - she divorced her husband.
Ajatella - think in the sense of having an opinion or intending, planning.
erota - to get divorced
kuulua - to be heard
ei kuulu mitään - nothing is heard
mitä kuuluu? - what's new? How are you?
kuula - core, bullet.
Why do words with such different meanings sound so similar? I think it was like this: in the beginning there was a bullet, or rather, in the beginning the word bullet was invented - kuula. and now, the soldiers are sitting in ambush, waiting for enemy bullets. Someone leans out to investigate, they ask him, well, Mitya kuula? What do you mean, is there a bullet there, is it audible or not? If you don’t hear, it means we’re doing well. That’s why I started asking the question: “What do you hear?” How are you? Mitä kuuluu?
All! CHANGE! that is, “tauko” TAUKO
Mitä kuuluu? Hard invigoration from Apulanta - Finnish rock Whoever is bored - invigorates! Well, who cares about melody and lyrics - it’s a very popular song, the chorus is remembered all day, there are such “catchy” tunes. "How are you, Marya-Leena? - link just below
Well, it's time to finish our knowledge of personal pronouns
The case, which cannot be avoided, is one of the most, most frequently used in speech.
Adesiv Adessiivi - I have you!
We use it for only one meaning, to say that someone has something, or, conversely, does not have something.
minulla - I have sinulla - you have hänellä - he has
meillä - we have teillä - you have heillä - they have
In colloquial speech, abbreviated versions are used:
mulla on - I have
sulla on - you have
hanellä on - sillä on - he, (she) has
meilä and teillä on do not change on - it remains so, we have it, you have it
heillä on - niilä on - they have
One of the popular events in Helsinki is held under the motto: We have a dream
And the handsome Juha Tapio, for example, still has time. What he sings about: “We still have time.”
We still have time to laugh, play, fall in love... don't be afraid of the future!
And here with the words, who wants to sing along, which is also very useful! Even if not all the words are still clear. It's OK! We still have time! Meillä on aika vielä!
https://youtu.be/Pk5ZpTmJTFg
Ablative, Ablatiivi. Where is the gift from you?
Expresses direction “from someone”
Finns also use these forms when they want to express “taking away”, disappearance, if something is gone: disappeared, gone, gone, left, absent, lacking.
minulta - from me sinulta - from you häneltä - from him
meiltä - from us teiltä - from you heiltä - from them
Sain kireen sinulta - I received a letter from you
Häneltä puuttuu reohkeutta - He lacks courage, he literally lacks courage.
Minulta meni ääni - My voice has disappeared (literally - left me).
Pyydän ankeeksi sinulta - I ask for your forgiveness (according to Finnish logic, forgiveness must be received “from” the person)
Allative - Allatiivi (to whom) - To me, to me, to me and also to me!
Word forms express direction Towards someone. To some extent it correlates with the Russian “dative”: to whom do I give?
To whom? Kenelle?
minulle - to me sinulle - to you hänelle - to him to her
meille - for us teille - for you heille - for them
Se kirja kuuluu minulle - this book belongs to me
Familiar word, right? Kuuluu - we just learned it - “to be heard”. But the word has other meanings:
1) to be heard
2) belong to someone
se kirja kuuluu minulle - this book belongs to me
kuulu puolueeseen - to be a party member
4) relate, touch
se ei kuulu asiaan - this is not relevant (asia - matter)
se ei kuulu minulle - this does not concern me
Essiv and Translativ (Essiivi, Translatiivi). I am you.
These two cases correspond to one “our” instrumental. By whom? Keneksi?
The difference is that the Essive case is static and the Translative case is dynamic.
To be, to be someone, to act as someone is essive, and to become someone, to turn into someone is translative.
Translative:
minuksi - by mesuinuksi - by you häneksi - by them, by her
meiksi - by us teiksi - by you heiksi - by them
Essive:
minuna - by me sinuna- by you hänenä - to them, to her
meinä - by us teinä - by you heinä - by them
Pronouns are rarely used in this sense, but you can imagine:
I want to be you. I'm turning into you (becoming you). It's good to be you! In this play I play you (I act as you)
Haluan olla sinuna. Mä tulen sinuksi. On kiva olla sinuna! Tässä elokuvassa olen sinuna.
And finally, the last case!
Abessiivi- Without you
This is a special, special expression of the absence of someone. Expressed by adding -tta (ttä) to the word
minutta - without me sinutta - without you hänettä - without him (her)
True, with all other pronouns you will have to use regular option, particle “without” - ilman + word form in partitiivi
ilman meita - without us
ilman teita - without you
ilman heita - without them 
ALL!
Tomorrow it would be good to repeat today’s new words and word forms
asia - business
kuula - bullet
vauva
- baby, baby
otta - take
huutaa - shout älä huuda! - don't shout!
kuuluu:
1) to be heard
2) belong to someone
se kirja kuuluu minulle - this book belongs to me
3) to belong to something, to be part of something, to be part of something
4) relate, touch
se ei kuulu asiaan - this is irrelevant
se ei kuulu minulle - it doesn't concern me
se kirja kuuluu minulle
kuula - bullet
In this issue:
- Personal pronouns
- Verbs olla, opiskella
- Demonstrative pronouns
- Question forms
- Accent
- Vowel harmony
- Sade
Personal pronouns
The table below shows personal pronouns in Finnish. Please note that Finns do not differentiate between female and male genders. In sentences, first and second person pronouns (minä, sinä, me, te) can be omitted. In such cases, verb endings seem to denote personal pronouns.
The “irregularity” of the verb is manifested in the third person. And the particle -la is an indicator of the infinitive.
The negative form of the verb is formed using the particle ei in in the required form and verb stems:
As can be seen from the table, in the third person singular the last vowel of the stem is doubled.
Demonstrative pronouns
The following demonstrative pronouns are used in Finnish:
Formation of interrogative forms
Questions in Finnish are constructed either using question words(mikä, kuka, milloin, etc.), or by adding a particle –ko/-ko to the verb. At the same time, the order of words in the sentence changes, which is typical of many European languages.
Intonation and stress
intonation in interrogative sentences no different from narrative sentences, in contrast to the Russian language, where the same phrase, pronounced with different intonations, can be both interrogative and narrative. But emphasis always falls on the first syllable, and in compound words the main stress falls on the first syllable of the first word, and the secondary, tertiary, etc. on the first syllable of the following compound words.
For example: r a-vin-to-la (restaurant), t ä -nään (today), t e r-ve-t u-lo-a/
But the first syllable always gets the stronger stress! But there is no need to draw out the stressed vowel, as would be the case in Russian.
Vowel harmony
Another very important rule in Finnish it is vowel harmony. Vowels are divided into vowels back row(a, o, u), front row (ä, ö, y) and neutral(e, i). Back and front vowels never occur simultaneously in the same word. Exceptions are compound words that include different roots. Neutral vowels, as a rule, are combined with both back and front vowels.
As an example:
In addition to vowel harmony, it also shows the formation of nationalities by adding the ending -lainen/-läinen to the name of the country. The exceptions are:
Suomi (no translation required) – suom a lainen
Ruotsi (Sweden) – ruots a lainen
Venäjä (Russia) – venäläinen
Practice forming nationalities with the following languages (and remember the Finnish names at the same time):
Saksa
Ranska
Spain
Italia
Englantia
Japani
Kiina
Turkki
Arabia
Swahili
Viro=Eesti
And finally, a nice poem that is quite in keeping with the current weather.
Sade
1 viskata – to sketch
2 koivu – birch
3 verkko – network, mesh
4 loistaa – shine
5 neilikka – cloves
6 ihme – miracle
7 tapahtua – happen
8 voimakas (voimakkaa-) – strong, strong
Sade on viskannut 1 koivuun 2
Verkot 3 loistavat 4 .
Sano jo minulle, sano,
Että rakastat.
Neilikat 5 tuulen alle
Taipuvat iloiten
Sano jo, etta olen
Sinulle suloinen.
Katso, minussa silloin
Ihme 6 tapahtuu 7:
Tulen niin voimakkaaksi 8,
Niinkuin nuori puu.
Tulen niin iloiseksi,
Niinkuin neilikat.
Sano vain minulle, sano,
Että rakastat.
This issue contains materials from the following sources: Suomea Suomeksi, Olli Nuutinen
Pronouns. Pronominit.
In this lesson we will look at how pronouns are declined.
Personal pronouns
Persoonapronominit
Yksikko ( singular):minä, sinä,hän
me, te, he
The stem of personal pronouns is formed in a special way, so you just need to remember - it’s only six words, but then any cases will be very easy to form.
Haluaisin tutustua häneen. I would like to meet you with him. He puhuvat sinusta. They They say about you. I think you remember that there are no genders in Finnish, so hän May be He or she. Once again I want to draw attention to the fact that pronouns hän And he are used only in relation to people. The demonstrative pronoun is used for animals se . Minulla on koira. Se on ulkona. I have a dog. She on the street.Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstratiivipronominit
We already got acquainted with demonstrative pronouns in lesson 4, but let me remind you that they include:
Yksikkö (singular): tämä, tuo, se
Monikko ( plural): nämä, nuo, ne
Here, too, everything is relatively simple except for the pronoun se , which has its own exceptional form in intralocal cases - you need to remember:
Please also note Elatiivi-pronoun form tämä , although there is only one vowel at the end, the ending is added the same as for words with two vowels: tämä – tähän .
Use of demonstrative pronouns
tama, nämä
They are used when they want to point out something that is nearby, clearly visible, or something (maybe not visible at the moment) that was just discussed: Tämä on kaappi. Tassä kaapissa on mekkoja. This closet. In this dress closet. Nämä mekot tassä kaapissa ovat kauniita. These dresses in this the closet is beautiful. Voitko huolehtia tästä Asiasta? You can take care about this business?tuo, nuo
Used when they want to point to something visible, but located far away: Apteekki on tuossa keltaisessa talossa. Pharmacy in that yellow building (the building is in the distance, but it is visible).se, ne
- Used when they want to indicate something that was talked about or something that is not visible at the moment: Pidän siitä kirjasta. I like this book. Tykkäätko näistä kukista? Do you like these flowers? Minä maistoin kiiviä, mutta ei pitänyt siitä. I tried kiwi, but I he (it) didn't like it. Siihen teillä ei ole lupaa. To this you don't have permission.
- Pronouns se And ne are also used when talking about people:
- V spoken language(puhekielessä, murteissa) Missä Pekka työskentelee? Se työskentelee tuossa kaupassa. Where does Pekka work? He works in that store.
- With a relative pronoun joka personal pronouns are not used hän And he, they are used instead se, ne: Se, joka on tehnyt harjoitukset, voi lähteä kotiin. That whoever has done the exercises can go home. Kysy niilta, jotka jotakin tietävät. Ask those who know something.
There's another one important point, for some forms demonstrative pronouns adverbs are very similar. Compare:
| adverbs | pronoun tämä | adverbs | pronoun tuo | adverbs | pronoun se |
| täällä Here | tällä on this | Tuolla there | Tuolla on that | siella there | silla on this |
| täältä from here | tältä from this | tuolta from there | tuolta since then | sielta from there | silent from this |
| tanne here | telle to this | tuonne there | Tuolle for that | sinne there | sille to this |
Tule tanne! Go here! Tuolla pöydällä on kirja. Book on that(is) on the table. Tuolla on Kirja. Book (located) there. Ota se sielta ja tuo tanne. Take her from there and bring it here.
Exercise:
- Do the exercises
Check how you have learned the declension of personal and demonstrative pronouns:
- In this lesson, I propose to learn several names of professions and words consonant with them. There were twice as many words as usual:
- ammatti – profession
- puuseppä – carpenter
- puu – tree
- hitsaaja – welder
- hitsata – weld, weld
- autonkuljettaja – driver, chauffeur
- ajaa – to go, drive (car, bicycle)
- automekaanikko – auto mechanic
- korjata – to repair, repair
- ompelija – seamstress, dressmaker
- ompelukone – sewing machine
- sairaanhoitaja – nurse
- sairas – sick, patient
- lääkäri – doctor
- lääke – medicine
- hieroja – massage therapist
- hieroa – rub, massage
- insinööri – engineer
- johtaja – director, leader
- johtaa - to lead, to lead
- suunnittelija – constructor, designer
- suunnitella – to plan, design
- kirjanpitäjä – accountant
- kirjanpito – accounting
- opettaja – teacher, pedagogue
- opettaa – to teach, teach
- myyjä – seller
- myymälä – shop
- talonmies – janitor
- talonpoika – peasant
- siivooja – cleaner, cleaner
- siivoton – dirty; indecent
- rakentaja – builder
- rakentaa – to build
- kirvesmies – carpenter
- muurari – mason
- muurata – to lay walls of stone or brick
- sähköasentaja – electrician
- sähkö – electricity
- asentaa – install, mount
You will spend 30 minutes on this lesson. To listen to the word, please click on the Audio icon . If you have any questions regarding this course, please contact me by email: Learn Finnish.
Personal pronouns indicate the person or thing performing the action denoted by the verb. Example: " I I speak two languages."
List of adjectives
Object pronouns indicate a person or thing in relation to/on which an action is performed. Example: I his I love.
Pronouns with examples
| Russian language | Finnish | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| me, me, me | minut, minua, minulle | |
| you, you, you | sinut, sinua, sinulle | |
| to him his, to them/him, about him | hänet, häntä, hänelle | |
| to her, by her, about her | hänet, häntä, hänelle | |
| us, us, us | meidät, meitä, meille | |
| you, you, you | teidät, teitä, teille | |
| them, them, them, about them | heidät, heitä, heille | |
| Can you call us? | Voitko soittaa meille? | |
| Give me your / your phone number | Anna minulle puhelinnumerosi | |
| I can give you my email address | Voin antaa sinulle sähköpostiosoitteeni | |
| Ask him to call me. | Käske häntä soittamaan minulle |
Travel vocabulary
A possessive adjective indicates the object of possession and is placed before the noun. Example: English my native language.
Travel vocabulary
The possessive pronoun indicates the object of possession and should not be placed before the noun. In fact, this pronoun can be used alone. Example: This book my.
Travel vocabulary
This is a travel vocabulary list. If you learn the following words by heart, it will make your conversations with the natives much easier and more enjoyable.
Travel vocabulary
| Russian language | Trips | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| airplane | lentokone | |
| airport | lentokentä | |
| bus | bussi, linja-auto | |
| bus station | Bussiasema, linja-autoasema | |
| car, car | auto | |
| flight, flight, flight | Lento | |
| on business | Asiointia varten | |
| for fun | Nauttimista varten | |
| information bureau, help desk | Neuvonta | |
| hotel, hotel | hotelli | |
| baggage | matkatavarat | |
| parking | Pysäköinti | |
| passport | passi | |
| reservation | varaus | |
| Taxi | taksi | |
| ticket | lippu | |
| travel | Matkustaa | |
| tourism | Turismi | |
| train | juna | |
| railway station | Juna-asema | |
| By train | Junalla | |
| By car | Autolla | |
| By bus | Bussilla, Linja-autolla | |
| by taxi | Taxilla | |
| by plane | Lentokoneella |
Daily Talk
Finally, check out the list of phrases used in everyday communication. Full list for popular expressions, please see: Finnish phrases.
Finnish phrases
| Russian language | Finnish | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| Do you accept credit cards? | Hyväksyttekö luottokortit? | |
| How much will it cost | Kuinka paljon se maksaa? | |
| I have a reservation | Minulla on Varaus | |
| I would like to rent a car | Haluaisin vuokrata auton | |
| I'm here on business/vacation | Olen työ- / lomamatkalla. | |
| Is this seat taken? | Onko tämä paikka varattu? | |
| It was nice meeting you! | Oli kiva tavata | |
| Take it! On! | Ota tämä! | |
| Do you like it? | Pidätkö siitä? | |
| I really like it! | Pidän siitä paljon! | |
| Kidding | Lasken vain leikkiä | |
| I'm hungry / I want to eat. | Minulla on nälkä | |
| I'm thirsty | Minulla on Jano |
Benefits of learning a language
Don't worry, you speak Greek with an accent. Many people are attracted to foreign accents. One British dating agency found that having an accent makes its owner sexy.
Congratulations! You completed this lesson on: pronouns and travel. Are you ready for the next lesson? We recommend going through Finnish lesson 9. You can also click on one of the links below, or return to our home page by clicking on the link here:
