Our home in space is the Solar System, a star system consisting of eight planets and part of the Milky Way galaxy. In the center is a star called the Sun. Age solar system- four and a half billion years. We live on the third planet from the sun. Do you know about other planets in the solar system?! Now we will tell you a little about them.
Mercury- the smallest planet in the solar system. Its radius is 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 88 earthly days. During this time, Mercury manages to rotate around its own axis only one and a half times. A day on Mercury lasts approximately 59 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable: not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun, but also the position itself changes there. There are no satellites.
Neptune- the eighth planet of the solar system. It is located quite close to Uranus. The radius of the planet is 24547 km. A year on Neptune is 60,190 days, that is, about 164 Earth years. Has 14 satellites. Has an atmosphere in which the most strong wind- up to 260 m/s.
By the way, Neptune was discovered not through observations, but through mathematical calculations.
Uranus- the seventh planet in the solar system. Radius - 25267 km. The coldest planet has a surface temperature of -224 degrees. A year on Uranus is equal to 30,685 Earth days, that is, approximately 84 years. Day - 17 hours. Has 27 satellites.
Saturn- the sixth planet of the solar system. The radius of the planet is 57350 km. It is second in size after Jupiter. A year on Saturn is 10,759 days, which is almost 30 Earth years. A day on Saturn is almost equal to a day on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. It is most similar to the Sun in the composition of chemical elements.
Has 62 satellites.
The main feature of Saturn is its rings. Their origin has not yet been established.
Jupiter- the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the largest planet in the solar system. The radius of Jupiter is 69912 km. This is as much as 19 times larger than the Earth. A year there lasts as many as 4333 Earth days, that is, almost less than 12 years. A day is about 10 Earth hours long.
Jupiter has as many as 67 satellites. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Moreover, Ganymede is 8% larger than Mercury, the smallest planet in our system, and has an atmosphere.
Mars- the fourth planet of the solar system. Its radius is 3390 km, which is almost double smaller than Earth. A year on Mars is 687 Earth days. It has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos.
The planet's atmosphere is thin. Water found on some areas of the surface suggests that some kind of primitive life on Mars was once before or even exists now.
Venus- the second planet of the solar system. It is similar in mass and radius to the Earth. There are no satellites.
The atmosphere of Venus consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, nitrogen - approximately 4%. Water vapor and oxygen are also present, but in very small quantities. Due to the fact that such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface of the planet reaches 475 °C. A day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days. A year on Venus is 255 days.
Pluto is a dwarf planet on the edges of the solar system, which is the dominant object in a distant system of 6 small cosmic bodies. The radius of the planet is 1195 km. Pluto's orbital period around the Sun is approximately 248 Earth years. A day on Pluto is 152 hours long. The mass of the planet is approximately 0.0025 the mass of the Earth.
It is noteworthy that Pluto was excluded from the category of planets in 2006 due to the fact that in the Kuiper belt there are objects that are larger or equal in size to Pluto, which is why, even if it is accepted as a full-fledged planet, then in this case it is necessary Add Eris to this category - which is almost the same size as Pluto.
The solar system consists of the Sun, nine planets, sixty-six planetary satellites, a large number of small bodies (comets and asteroids) and the interplanetary medium. The Inner Solar System includes the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars:
The planets of the outer solar system include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto:
The orbits of the planets are elliptical with the Sun at the focal point, with the exception of Mercury and Pluto, whose orbits are almost circular. The orbits of all planets lie more or less in the same plane, called the ecliptic, defined by the plane of Earth's orbit. The ecliptic is inclined approximately 7 degrees to the plane of the Sun's equator. Pluto's orbit deviates the most from the ecliptic plane - by 17 degrees.
The figure below shows the relative sizes of the orbits of the nine planets from a point slightly above the ecliptic. All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction (counterclockwise when viewed from the Sun's north pole); all except Venus, Uranus and Pluto also rotate in this same direction.
One way to imagine the relative size of the solar system is to imagine a model in which everything is reduced in size by a factor of one billion. In this case, the diameter of the globe will be approximately 1.3 cm (the size of a grape). At the same time, the Moon orbits the Earth at a distance of about 30 cm. The diameter of the Sun is 1.5 meters, and the distance from it to the Earth is 150 meters. The diameter of Jupiter is 15 cm (the size of a large grapefruit), the distance to the Sun is 750 meters. Saturn is the size of an orange - 1.5 km from the Sun; Uranus and Neptune (lemons) - 3 and 4.5 km from the Sun. A person on this scale would be the size of an atom; the closest star would be more than 40,000 km away from us.
Numerous small bodies not shown in the above figures: satellites of planets; a large number of asteroids (small rocky bodies) moving in orbit around the Sun, mostly between Mars and Jupiter, and comets (small icy bodies) moving in highly elongated orbits, randomly oriented towards the ecliptic plane. With a few exceptions, the orbits of planetary satellites, as well as the planets themselves, lie approximately in the ecliptic plane, but this does not apply to comets and asteroids.
Classification
The classification of these objects is a matter of slight debate. Traditionally, the Solar System was divided into planets (large bodies orbiting the Sun), their satellites (the so-called moons - objects of various sizes that orbit planets), asteroids (small dense objects orbiting the Sun) and comets (small icy objects with highly eccentric orbits). Unfortunately, the solar system turned out to be more complex than this could suggest:
There are several moons larger than Pluto, and two larger than Mercury;
There are several small satellites that are likely captured asteroids;
Comets sometimes become exhausted and become indistinguishable from asteroids;
Kuiper belt objects and others like Chiron do not fit well into this scheme;
The Earth/Moon and Pluto/Charon systems are sometimes considered "double planets".
Other classifications, for example based on chemical composition, usually include too many classes or allow too many exceptions. In addition, many of the bodies are unique. Current knowledge is simply not sufficient to establish precise and clear categories. We will use the standard classification. So, the nine bodies traditionally called planets are then often classified in several ways:
by composition:
Terrestrial or rocky planets:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars: The Terrestrial planets are composed primarily of rock (rock) and metal and have relatively high densities, slow rotation, a solid surface, few moons, and no rings.
Gas planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune: These planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium and typically have low densities, fast rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and a large number of satellites.
by size:
Small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Pluto. Their diameter is no more than 13,000 km.
Giant planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The diameter of the giant planets is more than 48,000 km.
Mercury and Pluto are sometimes called minor planets (not to be confused with the term "minor planets", which is the official term for asteroids).
Giant planets are sometimes also called gas giants.
by location relative to the Sun:
Inner planets:
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Outer planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner and outer solar system.
by location relative to the Earth:
Lower planets:
Mercury and Venus. They are located closer to the Sun than the Earth;
These planets have phases similar to those of the Moon.
Higher planets:
Always completely visible.
from a historical point of view:
Classic planets:
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
known since prehistoric times; visible to the naked eye. Modern planets:
Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
discovered in our time; visible only through a telescope.
It is assumed that the planets arose simultaneously (or almost simultaneously) 4.6 billion years ago from a gas-dust nebula that had the shape of a disk, in the center of which the young Sun was located. This protoplanetary nebula apparently formed together with the Sun from interstellar matter, the density of which exceeded critical limit. According to some data (the presence of specific isotopes in meteorites), such compaction occurred as a result of a relatively close supernova explosion
The solar system is a system of planets that includes its center, the Sun, as well as other objects in space. They revolve around the Sun. Until recently, “planet” was the name given to 9 objects in space that revolve around the Sun. Scientists have now established that beyond the boundaries of the solar system there are planets that orbit stars.
In 2006, the Union of Astronomers proclaimed that the planets of the solar system are spherical space objects revolving around the Sun. On the scale of the solar system, the Earth appears extremely small. In addition to the Earth, eight planets revolve around the Sun in their individual orbits. All of them are larger than the Earth in size. Rotate in the plane of the ecliptic.
Planets in the Solar System: types
Location of the terrestrial group in relation to the Sun
The first planet is Mercury, followed by Venus; Next comes our Earth and, finally, Mars.
Terrestrial planets do not have many satellites or moons. Of these four planets, only Earth and Mars have satellites.
Planets that belong to the terrestrial group are highly dense and consist of metal or stone. Basically, they are small and rotate around their axis. Their rotation speed is also low.
Gas giants
These are the four space objects that are at the greatest distance from the Sun: Jupiter is at No. 5, followed by Saturn, then Uranus and Neptune.
Jupiter and Saturn are impressively sized planets made of hydrogen and helium compounds. The density of gas planets is low. They rotate at high speeds, have satellites and are surrounded by rings of asteroids.
The “ice giants,” which include Uranus and Neptune, are smaller; their atmospheres contain methane and carbon monoxide.
Gas giants have a strong gravitational field, so they can attract many cosmic objects, unlike the terrestrial group.
According to scientists, asteroid rings are the remains of moons changed by the gravitational field of the planets. 
Dwarf planet
Dwarfs are space objects whose size does not reach the size of a planet, but exceeds the size of an asteroid. There are a great many such objects in the Solar System. They are concentrated in the Kuiper belt region. The satellites of the gas giants are dwarf planets that have left their orbit. 
Planets of the Solar System: the process of emergence
According to the cosmic nebula hypothesis, stars are born in clouds of dust and gas, in nebulae.
Due to the force of attraction, substances come together. Under the influence of the concentrated force of gravity, the center of the nebula contracts and stars form. Dust and gases transform into rings. The rings rotate under the influence of gravity, and planetasimals are formed in the whirlpools, which increase in size and attract cosmetic objects to themselves.
Under the influence of gravity, planetsimals are compressed and acquire spherical shapes. The spheres can unite and gradually turn into protoplanets. 
There are eight planets within the solar system. They revolve around the Sun. Their location is as follows:
The closest “neighbor” of the Sun is Mercury, followed by Venus, followed by the Earth, then Mars and Jupiter, and even further away from the Sun are Saturn, Uranus and the last one, Neptune.
The endless space that surrounds us is not just a huge airless space and emptiness. Here everything is subordinated to one and strict order, everything has its own rules and obeys the laws of physics. Everything is in constant motion and is constantly interconnected with each other. This is a system in which each celestial body occupies its own specific place. The center of the Universe is surrounded by galaxies, among which is our Milky Way. Our galaxy, in turn, is formed by stars around which large and small planets with their natural satellites revolve. The picture of a universal scale is complemented by wandering objects - comets and asteroids.
In this endless cluster of stars our Solar System is located - a tiny astrophysical object by cosmic standards, which includes our cosmic home - planet Earth. For us earthlings, the size of the solar system is colossal and difficult to perceive. In terms of the scale of the Universe, these are tiny numbers - only 180 astronomical units or 2.693e+10 km. Here, too, everything is subject to its own laws, has its own clearly defined place and sequence.
Brief characteristics and description
The interstellar medium and the stability of the Solar System are ensured by the location of the Sun. Its location is an interstellar cloud included in the Orion-Cygnus arm, which in turn is part of our galaxy. From a scientific point of view, our Sun is located on the periphery, 25 thousand light years from the center Milky Way, if we consider the galaxy in the diametrical plane. In turn, the movement of the Solar system around the center of our galaxy is carried out in orbit. A complete revolution of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way is carried out in different ways, within 225-250 million years and is one galactic year. The orbit of the Solar System has an inclination of 600 to the galactic plane. Nearby, in the neighborhood of our system, other stars and other solar systems with their large and small planets are running around the center of the galaxy.
The approximate age of the Solar System is 4.5 billion years. Like most objects in the Universe, our star was formed as a result of the Big Bang. The origin of the Solar System is explained by the same laws that operated and continue to operate today in the fields of nuclear physics, thermodynamics and mechanics. First, a star was formed, around which, due to the ongoing centripetal and centrifugal processes, the formation of planets began. The Sun was formed from a dense accumulation of gases - a molecular cloud, which was the product of a colossal Explosion. As a result of centripetal processes, molecules of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and other elements were compressed into one continuous and dense mass.
The result of grandiose and such large-scale processes was the formation of a protostar, in the structure of which thermonuclear fusion began. We observe this long process, which began much earlier, today, looking at our Sun 4.5 billion years after its formation. The scale of the processes occurring during the formation of a star can be imagined by assessing the density, size and mass of our Sun:
- density is 1.409 g/cm3;
- the volume of the Sun is almost the same figure - 1.40927x1027 m3;
- star mass – 1.9885x1030 kg.
Today our Sun is an ordinary astrophysical object in the Universe, not the smallest star in our galaxy, but far from the largest. The Sun is in its mature age, being not only the center of the solar system, but also the main factor in the emergence and existence of life on our planet.
The final structure of the solar system falls on the same period, with a difference of plus or minus half a billion years. The mass of the entire system, where the Sun interacts with other celestial bodies of the Solar System, is 1.0014 M☉. In other words, all planets, satellites and asteroids, cosmic dust and particles of gases revolving around the Sun, in comparison with the mass of our star, are a drop in the ocean.
The way we have an idea of our star and the planets revolving around the Sun is a simplified version. The first mechanical heliocentric model of the solar system with a clock mechanism was presented to the scientific community in 1704. It should be taken into account that the orbits of the planets of the solar system do not all lie in the same plane. They rotate around at a certain angle.
The model of the solar system was created on the basis of a simpler and more ancient mechanism - tellurium, with the help of which the position and movement of the Earth in relation to the Sun was simulated. With the help of tellurium, it was possible to explain the principle of the movement of our planet around the Sun and to calculate the duration of the earth's year.
The simplest model of the solar system is presented in school textbooks, where each of the planets and other celestial bodies occupies a certain place. It should be taken into account that the orbits of all objects revolving around the Sun are located under different angles to the central plane of the solar system. The planets of the solar system are located on at different distances from the Sun, rotate at different speeds and rotate differently around their own axis.
A map - a diagram of the Solar System - is a drawing where all objects are located in the same plane. IN in this case such an image gives an idea only of the sizes of celestial bodies and the distances between them. Thanks to this interpretation, it became possible to understand the location of our planet among other planets, to assess the scale of celestial bodies and to give an idea of the enormous distances that separate us from our celestial neighbors.
Planets and other objects of the solar system
Almost the entire universe is made up of myriads of stars, among which there are large and small solar systems. The presence of a star with its own satellite planets is a common occurrence in space. The laws of physics are the same everywhere and our solar system is no exception.
If you ask the question how many planets there were in the solar system and how many there are today, it is quite difficult to answer unequivocally. Currently known exact location 8 major planets. In addition, 5 small dwarf planets revolve around the Sun. The existence of a ninth planet is currently disputed in scientific circles.
The entire solar system is divided into groups of planets, which are arranged in the following order:
Terrestrial planets:
- Mercury;
- Venus;
- Mars.
Gas planets - giants:
- Jupiter;
- Saturn;
- Uranus;
- Neptune.
All planets presented in the list differ in structure and have different astrophysical parameters. Which planet is larger or smaller than the others? The sizes of the planets of the solar system are different. The first four objects, similar in structure to the Earth, have a solid rock surface and are endowed with an atmosphere. Mercury, Venus and Earth are the inner planets. Mars closes this group. Following it are the gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - dense, spherical gas formations.
The process of life of the planets of the solar system does not stop for a second. Those planets that we see in the sky today are the arrangement of celestial bodies that the planetary system of our star has at the current moment. The state that was at the dawn of the formation of the solar system is strikingly different from what is studied today.
The astrophysical parameters of modern planets are indicated by the table, which also shows the distance of the planets of the Solar System to the Sun.
The existing planets of the solar system are approximately the same age, but there are theories that in the beginning there were more planets. This is evidenced by numerous ancient myths and legends that describe the presence of other astrophysical objects and disasters that led to the death of the planet. This is confirmed by the structure of our star system, where, along with planets, there are objects that are products of violent cosmic cataclysms.
A striking example of such activity is the asteroid belt, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Objects of extraterrestrial origin are concentrated here in huge numbers, mainly represented by asteroids and small planets. It is these fragments irregular shape in human culture they are considered the remains of the protoplanet Phaethon, which died billions of years ago as a result of a large-scale cataclysm.
In fact, there is an opinion in scientific circles that the asteroid belt was formed as a result of the destruction of a comet. Astronomers have discovered the presence of water on the large asteroid Themis and on the small planets Ceres and Vesta, which are the largest objects in the asteroid belt. Ice found on the surface of asteroids may indicate the cometary nature of the formation of these cosmic bodies.
Previously one of the major planets, Pluto is not considered a full-fledged planet today.
Pluto, which was previously ranked among the large planets of the solar system, is today reduced to the size of dwarf celestial bodies revolving around the Sun. Pluto, along with Haumea and Makemake, the largest dwarf planets, is located in the Kuiper belt.
These dwarf planets of the solar system are located in the Kuiper belt. The region between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud is the most distant from the Sun, but space is not empty there either. In 2005, the most distant celestial body of our solar system, the dwarf planet Eris, was discovered there. The process of exploration of the most distant regions of our solar system continues. The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud are hypothetically the border regions of our star system, the visible boundary. This cloud of gas is located at a distance of one light year from the Sun and is the region where comets, the wandering satellites of our star, are born.
Characteristics of the planets of the solar system
The terrestrial group of planets is represented by the planets closest to the Sun - Mercury and Venus. These two cosmic bodies of the solar system, despite the similarity in physical structure with our planet, are a hostile environment for us. Mercury is the smallest planet in our star system and is closest to the Sun. The heat of our star literally incinerates the surface of the planet, practically destroying its atmosphere. The distance from the surface of the planet to the Sun is 57,910,000 km. In size, only 5 thousand km in diameter, Mercury is inferior to most large satellites, which are dominated by Jupiter and Saturn.
Saturn's satellite Titan has a diameter of over 5 thousand km, Jupiter's satellite Ganymede has a diameter of 5265 km. Both satellites are second in size only to Mars.
The very first planet rushes around our star at tremendous speed, making a full revolution around our star in 88 Earth days. It is almost impossible to notice this small and nimble planet in the starry sky due to the close presence of the solar disk. Among the terrestrial planets, it is on Mercury that the largest daily temperature differences are observed. While the surface of the planet facing the Sun heats up to 700 degrees Celsius, the other side of the planet is immersed in universal cold with temperatures up to -200 degrees.
The main difference between Mercury and all the planets of the solar system is its internal structure. Mercury has the largest iron-nickel inner core, which accounts for 83% of the mass of the entire planet. However, even this uncharacteristic quality did not allow Mercury to have its own natural satellites.
Next to Mercury is the closest planet to us - Venus. The distance from Earth to Venus is 38 million km, and it is very similar to our Earth. The planet has almost the same diameter and mass, slightly inferior in these parameters to our planet. However, in all other respects, our neighbor is fundamentally different from our cosmic home. The period of Venus' revolution around the Sun is 116 Earth days, and the planet rotates extremely slowly around its own axis. The average surface temperature of Venus rotating around its axis over 224 Earth days is 447 degrees Celsius.
Like its predecessor, Venus lacks the physical conditions conducive to the existence of known life forms. The planet is surrounded by a dense atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Both Mercury and Venus are the only planets in the solar system that do not have natural satellites.
Earth is the last of the inner planets of the solar system, located at a distance of approximately 150 million km from the Sun. Our planet makes one revolution around the Sun every 365 days. Rotates around its own axis in 23.94 hours. The Earth is the first of the celestial bodies located on the path from the Sun to the periphery, which has a natural satellite.
Digression: The astrophysical parameters of our planet are well studied and known. Earth is the largest and densest planet of all the other inner planets in the solar system. It is here that natural physical conditions, at which the existence of water is possible. Our planet has a stable magnetic field that holds the atmosphere. Earth is the most well studied planet. The subsequent study is mainly of not only theoretical interest, but also practical one.
Mars closes the parade of terrestrial planets. The subsequent study of this planet is mainly not only of theoretical interest, but also of practical interest, associated with human exploration of extraterrestrial worlds. Astrophysicists are attracted not only by the relative proximity of this planet to Earth (on average 225 million km), but also by the absence of complex climatic conditions. The planet is surrounded by an atmosphere, although it is in an extremely rarefied state, has its own magnetic field, and temperature differences on the surface of Mars are not as critical as on Mercury and Venus.
Like Earth, Mars has two satellites - Phobos and Deimos, the natural nature of which has recently been questioned. Mars is the last fourth planet with a rocky surface in the solar system. Following the asteroid belt, which is a kind of inner boundary of the solar system, begins the kingdom of gas giants.
The largest cosmic celestial bodies of our solar system
The second group of planets that are part of the system of our star has bright and large representatives. These are the largest objects in our solar system, which are considered the outer planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the most distant from our star, huge by earthly standards and their astrophysical parameters. These celestial bodies are distinguished by their massiveness and composition, which is mainly gaseous in nature.
The main beauties of the solar system are Jupiter and Saturn. The total mass of this pair of giants would be enough to fit in it the mass of all known celestial bodies of the Solar System. So Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, weighs 1876.64328 1024 kg, and the mass of Saturn is 561.80376 1024 kg. These planets have the most natural satellites. Some of them, Titan, Ganymede, Callisto and Io, are the largest satellites of the Solar System and are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets.
The largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter, has a diameter of 140 thousand km. In many respects, Jupiter more closely resembles a failed star - a striking example of the existence of a small solar system. This is evidenced by the size of the planet and astrophysical parameters - Jupiter is only 10 times smaller than our star. The planet rotates around its own axis quite quickly - only 10 Earth hours. The number of satellites, of which 67 have been identified to date, is also striking. The behavior of Jupiter and its moons is very similar to the model of the solar system. Such a number of natural satellites for one planet puts new question, how many planets there were in the solar system at the early stage of its formation. It is assumed that Jupiter, having a powerful magnetic field, turned some planets into its natural satellites. Some of them - Titan, Ganymede, Callisto and Io - are the largest satellites of the solar system and are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets.
Slightly smaller in size than Jupiter is its smaller brother, the gas giant Saturn. This planet, like Jupiter, consists mainly of hydrogen and helium - gases that are the basis of our star. With its size, the diameter of the planet is 57 thousand km, Saturn also resembles a protostar that has stopped in its development. The number of satellites of Saturn is slightly inferior to the number of satellites of Jupiter - 62 versus 67. Saturn's satellite Titan, like Io, a satellite of Jupiter, has an atmosphere.
In other words, the largest planets Jupiter and Saturn with their systems of natural satellites strongly resemble small solar systems, with their clearly defined center and system of movement of celestial bodies.
Behind the two gas giants come the cold and dark worlds, the planets Uranus and Neptune. These celestial bodies are located at a distance of 2.8 billion km and 4.49 billion km. from the Sun, respectively. Due to their enormous distance from our planet, Uranus and Neptune were discovered relatively recently. Unlike the other two gas giants, Uranus and Neptune contain large quantities of frozen gases - hydrogen, ammonia and methane. These two planets are also called ice giants. Uranus is smaller in size than Jupiter and Saturn and ranks third in the solar system. The planet represents the pole of cold of our star system. The average temperature on the surface of Uranus is -224 degrees Celsius. Uranus differs from other celestial bodies revolving around the Sun by its strong tilt on its own axis. The planet seems to be rolling, revolving around our star.
Like Saturn, Uranus is surrounded by a hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Neptune, unlike Uranus, has a different composition. The presence of methane in the atmosphere indicates blue spectrum of the planet.
Both planets move slowly and majestically around our star. Uranus orbits the Sun in 84 Earth years, and Neptune orbits our star twice as long - 164 Earth years.
In conclusion
Our Solar System is a huge mechanism in which each planet, all satellites of the Solar System, asteroids and other celestial bodies move along a clearly defined route. The laws of astrophysics apply here and have not changed for 4.5 billion years. Along the outer edges of our solar system, dwarf planets move in the Kuiper belt. Comets are frequent guests of our star system. These space objects visit the inner regions of the Solar System with a periodicity of 20-150 years, flying within sight of our planet.
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Our native home “Earth” is located among 7 large and 5 dwarf planets moving around the most important star “Sun”! The name “Solar System” came about because all the planets depend on the Sun and move around the system.
Planetary or Solar System!
For those who do not yet know what we are talking about now, we inform you: The solar system is a planetary system that consists of eight large and five dwarf planets, and in the center of it there is one very bright, hot and attracting other planets - "Star". And in this solar system of planets our abode is located - the Earth.
Our Solar System contains not only distant hot and cold planets, but also all other objects living in space, including a huge number of comets, asteroids, a large number of satellites, planetoids and much, much more, in general, everything that moves around the Sun and falls into the zone of its attraction and gravity.
Map of the Solar System in the modern world!
Our planetary system was formed more than 4.5 billion years ago!
More than 4.5 billion years ago, when our solar system did not yet exist, the first star appeared and around it there was a giant disk containing a huge amount of gas, dust, and other materials. , from the gas cloud, on the fragments of the disk surrounding our star and thanks to gravitational compression, planets began to appear. Rotation around the Sun collided dust particles, which kept growing and growing, like a snowball that rolls down a mountain and becomes larger, and dust particles eventually became stones, and after many years these stones became cobblestones and collided with the same others. Over time, they acquired enormous sizes and took the form of huge balls, which today we know as planets. This formation took billions of years, but some planets of the solar system were formed quite quickly in relation to others, and what is curious is that this did not always depend on the distance to the fiery giant and the chemical composition physical body, science is not yet able to say anything definitely about this.
The current structure of the solar system.
Despite the fact that all the planets of the Solar System are located close to the ecliptic plane (in Latin - ecliptica), they do not move around the main star strictly along the equator (the star itself has a rotation axis with an inclination of 7 degrees), some move differently. For example, Pluto deviates from this plane by 17 degrees, because it is the farthest away from everyone, and the planet is not large (it was recently stopped being considered a planet and is now a planetoid).
The smallest planet in the solar system today- This Mercury, it has a deviation of as much as 7 degrees, which is completely incomprehensible, because it is located closest to the Sun and is subject to the enormous gravitational force of the star, but nevertheless, Mercury and most other planets try to be in the rotation of a flat disk.
Almost the entire mass of the Solar System, which is 99.6 percent of the mass, falls on our star - the Sun, and the small remaining part is divided between the planets of the Solar System and everything else: comets, meteors, etc. The dimensions of the system do not end with the most distant planets or planetoids, but with the place where the attraction of our golden star ends, and it ends on the Oort cloud.
This huge distance, a third of the distance to our next star, Proxima Centauri, indicates how huge our solar system is. It is worth saying that the Oort cloud exists purely hypothetically, it is a sphere surrounding our star at a distance of 2 light years from it, in which there is a colossal number of comets, which in turn, as our science suggests, fall under the influence of our Sun and rush to the center of the system carrying gases and ice with it. There, on the outskirts of this huge sphere, the gravity of our giant star no longer acts; in that place there is open interstellar space, stellar wind and enormous interstellar radiation.
The solar system is mostly made up of gas giants!
It should also be noted that our Solar System contains the most gas giants: Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn. The last planet, despite the fact that it occupies the second place in our solar system in size, second only to Jupiter, it is the lightest. If, for example, there was an ocean on Saturn (although this cannot be since the planet does not have a solid surface), then the planet itself would float in this ocean.
The largest planet in the solar system- this is definitely Jupiter, it is also a giant vacuum cleaner that sucks in large comets and other cosmic bodies. Its strong attraction saves our planet, and all the inner planets in the solar system, from terrifying cataclysms. In addition, his enormous strength prevents the formation new planet between Jupiter and Mars in the asteroid belt, which could come together from a large amount of asteroid material.
The hottest planet in our solar system- this is unambiguous Venus, despite the fact that it is twice as far away from the closest Mercury to the Sun. Venus is the hottest, and this is due to the fact that it has very dense clouds, the heat that falls on the surface of Venus cannot cool down, it is a kind of giant steam room with a temperature of up to 400 degrees Celsius. In this regard, it is Venus that shines very brightly from Earth, and this is not only because it is the closest planet to us, but also because its clouds reflect a large amount of Sunlight. On Venus, among other things, a year is shorter than a day, this is due to the fact that it rotates around its axis more slowly than around a star in the solar system. Unlike everyone else, it has a reverse rotation, although Uranus is even more unusual, it rotates lying on its end.
Detailed diagram of the solar system!
Scientists have talked about how many planets, stars and satellites there are in the solar system.
There are 8 large and 5 dwarf planets in our solar system. The large ones include: “Mercury”, “Venus”, “Earth”, “”, “Jupiter”, “Saturn”, “Uranus” and “Neptune”. Dwarf ones: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris. All planets in the solar system have their own size, mass, age and location.
If you arrange the planets in order, the list will look like this: “Mercury”, “Venus”, “Earth”, “Mars”, “Ceres” (dwarf planet), “Jupiter”, “Saturn”, “Uranus”, “Neptune” ”, and only the dwarf planets “Pluto”, “Haumea”, “Makemake” and “Eris” will go further.
There is only one significant star in the planetary system - the Sun. Life on Earth depends precisely on the Sun; if this star becomes cold, then life on Earth will cease to exist.
We have 415 satellites in our solar system, and only 172 belong to the planets, and the remaining 243 are satellites of very small celestial bodies.
Model of the Solar System in 2D and 3D formats.
Model of a planetary system in 2D format!
Model of a planetary system in 3D format!
Solar System (Photographs)
The name “Solar System” comes from the fact that all the planets depend on the Sun and move around it according to a certain pattern. Planet Earth is among 7 large and 5 dwarf planets moving around the most important star “Sun”!
The picture shows the so-called correct map of the Solar System in modern world! This image shows the order in which the planets are located from the Sun.
Despite the fact that the structure of the solar system looks frightening and all the planets are located close to the ecliptic plane (in Latin - ecliptica), they do not move around the main star strictly along the equator (the star itself has a rotation axis with an inclination of 7 degrees), some move otherwise.
The picture shows a detailed official diagram of the Solar System, which was drawn by NASA employees using special algorithms and programs.
