September 28, 2016
IMPERATIVE /// IMPERATIVO
Verbs in the imperative mood are used to:
- to order, give instructions, instructions;
- express a request, wish;
- attract attention;
- allow someone to do something.
In the Russian language, imperative forms of verbs are only in the 2nd person (singular and plural), for “other persons” they use subjunctive particles (come on (those), let, let, yes...), and for some verbs using the addition affix -te. In Italian, almost all verbs have imperative forms, except for the 1st person singular. But! Many forms coincide with indicative mood present time. In the table of endings, proper forms are marked in red, and those coinciding with the indicative mood are marked in green.
The modal verbs potere and dovere do not have imperative forms (volere does).
Negation for 2nd person singular: non + infinitive ((tu) non parlare).
Majority irregular verbs have irregular shapes imperative.
Unstressed pronouns, including for reflexive verbs, can merge with a verb (scusami, alziamoci), except for the 3rd person (singular and plural). Some "short" verbs have special forms:
dammi - give it to me;
dimmi - tell me;
fammi - do it for me.
The same principle applies when adding 2 pronouns or particles: dammelo - give it to me;
dimmelo - tell me this;
fammelo - do it for me.
In some cases, in order not to seem rude, the polite form (to “You”) is replaced subjunctive mood in the present tense.
Forms of some irregular verbs:
Some verbs have variations in 2nd person singular forms: full and short. (See Apocope or truncation).
© Lara Leto (Ci Siciliano), 2016
© Italy and Italian language. Travel beautifully, learn easily, 2016
You will spend 30 minutes on this lesson. To listen to the word, please click on the Audio icon . If you have any questions regarding this course, please contact me by email: Learn Italian.
Below is a list of the most commonly used words, the scope of which: Imperative. The table below has 3 columns (Russian, Italian and pronunciation). Try to repeat the words after listening. This will help you improve your pronunciation and also remember the word better.
List of adjectives
Russian language | Imperative | Audio |
---|---|---|
Go! Let's go! | Vai! | |
Stand! Stop! | Fermati! | |
Don't go! | Non andare! | |
Stay! | Stay fermo! | |
Leave! | Parti! (or) Vattene! | |
Come here! | Vieni qui! | |
Go there! | Vai là! | |
Come in! | Entra (nella stanza)! | |
Speak! | Parla! | |
Quiet! | Sta zitto! | |
Right! | Gira a destra | |
Left! | Gira a sinistra | |
Directly! | Vai dritto! | |
Wait! | Aspetta! | |
Let's go! | Andiamo! | |
Carefully! | Fai attenzione! | |
Sit down! | Siediti! | |
Let me show you! | Lascia che ti faccia vedere! | |
Listen! | Ascolta! | |
Write it down! | Scrivilo! |
Various places vocabulary
Russian language | Various places | Audio |
---|---|---|
bank | Banca | |
beach | Spiaggia | |
desert | Deserto | |
Earth | Terra | |
forest | Foresta | |
garden | Giardino | |
hospital | Ospedale | |
island | Isola | |
lake | Lago | |
moon | Luna | |
mountain | Montagna | |
river | Fiume | |
sea | Mare | |
sky | Cielo | |
stars | Stelle | |
Sun | Sole | |
I see stars | Posso vedere le stelle | |
I want to go to the beach | Voglio andare in spiaggia | |
It's a full moon today | Stanotte c"è la luna piena | |
What a beautiful garden | Questo and un bel giardino |
This is a list of different vocabulary places. If you learn the following words by heart, it will make your conversations with the natives much easier and more enjoyable.
Various places vocabulary
Russian language | Various places | Audio |
---|---|---|
bed | Letto | |
bedroom | Camera da letto | |
carpet | Tappeto | |
ceiling | Soffitto | |
chair | Sedia | |
computer | Computer (or) PC | |
table | Scrivania | |
door | Porta | |
furniture | Mobili (or)arredo | |
house | Casa | |
kitchen | Cucina | |
fridge | Frigorifero | |
roof | Tetto | |
room | Camera | |
bake | Stufa (or) Cucina | |
table | Tavolo | |
TV | televisione | |
toilet | Bagno | |
wall | Muro | |
window | Finestra |
Daily Talk
Italian phrases
Russian language | Italian | Audio |
---|---|---|
Could you close the door? | Puoi chiudere la porta? | |
Could you please open the window? | Puoi aprire la finestra? | |
I need to use the computer | Devo usare il PC | |
I need to go to the toilet | Devo usare il bagno | |
I'm watching TV | Sto guardando la TV | |
This room is very big | Questa stanza and molto grande | |
holiday wishes | Auguri per le vacanze | |
Good luck! | Buona fortuna | |
Happy birthday! | Buon compleanno! | |
Happy New Year! | Felice anno nuovo! | |
Merry Christmas! | Buon Natale! | |
Congratulations! | Felicitazioni! | |
Bon appetit! | Buon appetito | |
Be healthy! | Salute | |
Best wishes! | Auguri! |
Benefits of learning a language
Those who can speak more than one language are able to switch more quickly from one task to another. Also, such people show greater cognitive flexibility and adapt more easily to new circumstances.
The topic of this article is the imperative mood in Italian. In Italian, the imperative mood has the forms 2nd person singular and plural, in their form they coincide with the verbs in the Presente Indicativo (with the exception of verbs in -are in the 2nd person form singular). In order to express a request in Italian, they use the imperative form congiuntivo presente. To express a request or encouragement, congiuntivo presente is used in the 1st person plural and 3rd person singular.
Table of forms of verbs in the imperative mood in Italian
Loro |
Note:
Verbs ending in -cere, -gere, -scere in Italian deviate from general rules and form their forms in the imperative mood as follows:
vincere - to win
vinci - win, win
vinca - win, win
vinciamo - let's win
vincete - win, win
vincano - win, win
spinere - to push
spingi – push, push
spinga - push, push
spingiamo - let's push
spingete - push, push
spingano - push, push
crescere – to grow
cresci - to grow
cresca - grow
cresciamo - let's grow / grow up
crescete - grow
crescano - grow
Exceptions include verbs in which the letter g appears, for example: rimanare, salire:
rimanere - to remain
salire – to rise
The verbs avere and essere (and some other verbs in Italian) are also exceptions that have special forms in the imperative mood:
аvere: abbi, abbia, abbiamo, abbiate, abbiano (to have, to receive)
essere: sii, sia, siamo, siate, siano (to be)
andare: vai/va", vada, andiamo, andate, vadano (go, go)
dare: dai/da", dia, diamo, date, diano (give)
fare: fai/fa", faccia, facciamo, fate, facciano (to go)
dire: di", dica, diciamo, dite, dicano (to speak, to say)
porre: poni, ponga, poniamo, ponete, pongano (put, put)
sapere: sappi, sappia, sappiamo, sappiate, sappiano (to know, to be able to)
venire: vieni, venga, veniamo, venite, vengano (to come, to arrive)
produrre: produci, produca, produciamo, producete, producano (put, put)
stare: stai/sta", stia, stiamo, state, stiano (to be, to be)
volere: vogli, voglia, vogliamo, vogliate, vogliano (to want)
Rest modal verbs have no imperative form in Italian.
venite da me - come to me
Mi aiuti, per favore! - Help me, please
If we want to add a pronoun to the verb in the form of a pronoun or particle ci, vi, then we put them at the end of the verb (with 3rd person forms we attach them before the verb):
Andatevi! - Go there!
Vestiti! - Get dressed!
But:
Glielo scrivano! - Write to him about it!
If a pronoun or particle is attached to the form “you”, then they double the initial consonant:
Damello (da" + mi + lo)! - Give it to me!
Vacci (va" + ci)! - Go there!
Negative form of the imperative mood in Italian
During education negative form imperative mood in Italian, together with the pronoun “you”, we use the infinitive instead of the personal form of the verb, plus we add the particle non:
Non chiacchierare! - Don't talk!
When forming a negative form of the imperative mood in Italian, reflexive pronouns are attached to the second person singular or to the first person plural. The first person plural can be added to the front, immediately after the negative particle non, or to the verb (at the back). To other persons only from the front. Pronouns in the complement function can be attached both front and back:
Non rispondergli! = Non gli rispondere! - Don't answer him!
Non sentitelo! = Non lo sentite! - Don't listen to him!