A car trailer is designed for transporting goods. If you have to deliver large or heavy items, for example: household appliances, building materials and other things, you can’t do without such a device on the farm. Prices in stores for new trailed equipment are steep. This raises the question: is it possible to make such a cart with your own hands? It is possible, dear readers, of course it is possible. This is what we will do in our material today.
The supporting body of the trailer can be made by combining metal frame with its frame. Five crossbars that need to be placed between the crossbars will create the platform lattice. Regarding the spars, small releases of consoles need to be released. Then, using welding, longitudinal elements are welded on the sides of the ends. Four racks are installed on them through all the cross members, which are also welded. For the spars, you can use 60x30 mm pipes; they are rectangular in cross-section. The remaining elements of the trailer - crossbars, racks and traverses - are made from 25x25 mm pipe.
This is all. We hope that general concepts By self-production caravan you have mastered. Have an easy job!
A trailer is an indispensable means of transporting any cargo, thanks to which the driver does not have to dirty the car interior or scratch the trunk. The cost of the most basic trailer is about $400. However, if you need to transport furniture, building materials or other cargo, and at the same time save a decent amount, you can make a trailer yourself.
There are several types of trailers - universal and special trailers used for transporting certain goods. The second type is used only in industry or business. We will look at the instructions for making a general purpose trailer.
It is worth noting that universal transport cargo vehicles are single-axle and multi-axle. They differ in the number of wheels: in the first case there are two, and in the second - from two. If you do not plan to transport too heavy loads, you can build a single or double axle trailer for a passenger car. Remember, wheels on two axles reduce the load on the rear of your car. Consequently, the power of the car engine is not lost. In addition, a dual axle trailer has greater load capacity and stability.
Homemade trailer for a car with your own hands
Below is a description of the manufacture of a single-axle trailer, for the use of which a category “B” license is sufficient.
Before production, you need to make at least an approximate drawing future creation, because doing everything “by eye” is extremely risky.
List of tools and components:
- channel 25x50 millimeters and square tube 40x40 millimeters;
- steel sheets for cladding with a thickness of at least 0.6 millimeters;
- a thick sheet of metal or plastic for the bottom of the trailer;
- chassis, which can be used as the front axle of a SZD motorcycle sidecar;
- a pair of wheels;
- suspension, which, for example, can be built from the shock absorbers of a Ural motorcycle;
- braking system;
- waterproof fabric for trailer cover;
- a device for connecting a car with a trailer - a tow bar;
- reflectors, turn signals and other similar electrical equipment;
- brackets and corners for connecting all parts together;
- range of cutting and processing tools metal products- grinder, screwdriver, etc.);
- machine for welding parts.
Having everything necessary tools and parts, you can start manufacturing car trailer with your own hands.
At this stage, the production of the trailer is completed. On average, all work will take you three days.
Once manufactured, you must register the vehicle. Sequence of procedure:
- Collect necessary documents: the result of an independent examination of vehicles of automobile research institutes, a MREO document on the absence of a license plate, a document of the coupling mechanism, a photocopy of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a photocopy technical passport your car.
- Next you need to contact official MREO with a request to inspect technical condition manufactured trailer and issue an identification number.
It is worth noting that independent examination services are paid, and the amount is quite large. Almost all of the money saved will have to be spent on appraisals.
If you do not plan to drive a trailer in an urban area, you do not have to register the vehicle, but you will have to make a cargo trailer according to established standards for your own safety.
Trailers for passenger cars build with your own hands exclusively in accordance with GOST 37.001.220-80, otherwise the means of transporting goods simply will not pass registration, and you will only waste your time and effort.
- Do not cook trailers heavier than 750 kilograms if your driving category is less than “E”. Otherwise, you will not be able to use the manufactured trailer.
- If you need to translate loose mixture, liquid or other specific loads, we recommend using special-purpose trailers. As a rule, they are made to order.
- Do not load your homemade trailer to the limit of its carrying capacity to avoid unpleasant situations on the road. Welding seams may not withstand the load if made by an amateur welder. High-quality seams can withstand up to a ton of weight.
- Spare no expense in purchasing a mechanism for attaching the trailer to the car. A homemade coupling mechanism, not made according to the standard, may cause the MREO to refuse registration vehicle. Also remember about the safety cables, which insure the entire structure in the event of a mechanism failure.
Transporting large oversized cargo requires a large amount of free space. The luggage compartment of a car is usually not suitable for these purposes. In this case, the best solution would be to use a trailer. It is not at all necessary to buy it; it is quite possible to make a trailer with your own hands.
How to make a trailer frame with your own hands?
The frame is the basis of the trailer; it is its strength and rigidity that determines the durability of the trailer as a whole. For greater reliability, it is recommended to use welded joint elements. You should start by determining the dimensions of the frame - length and width.
The size is determined by the outer edges of the frame elements. To determine the full width of the future frame, it is necessary to add 2 wall thicknesses to the distance between the inner edges of the side walls. If the frame is located directly between the wheels, and not above them, then you also need to take into account the gaps between the tire and the bead.
After determining the dimensions, the frame is tried on. Metal profile expands into flat surface maintaining perpendicularity between the elements. The frame elements are combined with clamps. At this stage, the shape of the frame is controlled; for this, you need to measure two diagonals of the resulting rectangle with a tape measure. The obtained values must coincide; in extreme cases, a size deviation of 2-5% is allowed. It is advisable to provide a stiffening rib in the design; a rectangle or square itself is a rather unstable structure under load.
Connecting the trailer to the vehicle
If other trailers are used, it is better to choose a tow ball of the same size as theirs.
When performing this element of the trailer, you need to remember that the shorter the length of the connecting part, the faster the trailer will respond to the movement of the car. This means that even with a slight lateral movement of the drive wheels, the trailer will immediately move sharply behind them. This may result in damage to the cargo in the trailer and its fall. The optimal length is 1.5-2.5 m, depending on the purpose of the trailer. It is better to choose the material, as for the frame, steel pipes square cross-section in the amount of three pieces.
The connection of the pipes to the frame is welded; for greater strength, it is recommended to reinforce it with corners. Before welding, fitting is performed so that the coupling is carried out exactly along the axis of the trailer.
A safety rope or chain is also mounted here. When moving, it should not drag on the ground. If desired, it is possible to install a small folding wheel at the hitch point for easy transportation of the trailer without a car.
Coupling
Installation of the coupling is possible using bolts or welding. Before finally attaching it to the trailer frame, you need to once again check that the dimensions of the frame pipes and the groove of the gutter itself match. The width of the groove should not exceed the width of the pipe by more than 5 mm.
In the case of welded fastening of the coupling, high strength of the connection is ensured, but if it is damaged, dismantling will require gas burner. Strength bolted connection somewhat less. It is recommended to use bolts of the eighth strength class; less durable ones may not withstand shear forces. Two bolts are enough to connect, more of them will weaken the frame element and coupling due to the holes for the bolts.
Trailer axle
There is a rule according to which the axle should be placed at a distance of 35-40% of the entire length of the trailer from the rear. Having measured the distance, you need to indicate the location of the future axis. You can install the axle by placing the frame upside down on the table (assembly from top to bottom).
The axis in this case is mounted on a table, on a couple of 4x4 blocks, and the spindles hang freely. At the intended location for installing the axle, the paint is removed from the frame. The distance between the bushings is divided by two and this point on the axis is marked with a marker.
To control, the width of the frame is measured again, divided by two and the resulting distance is set aside from the middle of the axis, and its position is adjusted. After this you can start final installation. The elements are combined spot welding along the entire length of the contact. It is better to use a spring-shock absorber suspension, as it provides greater softness, although it has low strength.
Stabilizing jacks
Necessary to ensure a horizontal position of the trailer. The best option for placement - the corners of the frame. The option of installation on only one side of the trailer is possible. From a lift point of view, it is better to use screw mechanism. It can even be used to change a wheel on a trailer.
Side walls
The material for the side walls can be wood, metal, plywood, polycarbonate, etc. The choice of material is determined by the purpose of the trailer itself. Most often, plywood or wood is used due to its relatively low weight and ease of processing. First, the flooring is installed on the frame, the simplest option is plank, bolted to the frame. Then the box itself is created, which is installed on the frame and secured with bolts. The corners of the box must be reinforced with steel corners.
Summing up
Any trailer, even a homemade one, will significantly expand the capabilities of the car. With its help, it becomes possible to transport cargo of any configuration without the risk of damaging the vehicle itself. Despite the many existing types trailers, the recommendations given are general for all options. In addition to the described elements, it is possible to equip the trailer with a braking system and lighting, but these issues are best left to professionals.
