Adverb as an object examples. Direct and indirect objects in Russian

The direct object denotes the object to which the action is directed, expressed by the form accusative case without a preposition, distributes a transitive verb, as well as some words of the category of state (you can see a house, hear music, it hurts your head): Nature creates man, but develops and forms his society (Belinsky). The genitive form of the direct object is possible with transitive verbs with a negative particle not: I am not
I love spring (Pushkin); I can’t imagine a situation where there would ever be nothing to do (Dostoevsky).
The preposition of the direct object often allows it to retain the accusative case form for transitive verbs with the negation of not. Apparently, this is explained by the weakening of the connection between the substantive word and the verb. Wed: The night did not bring coolness (A.N. Tolstoy). - I could not recognize my father’s house (Yesenin). But it is also possible genitive: The sun is not visible - the sky is overcast with Burning (Gerasimov).
Note. They are not direct objects of the genitive case form in the following sentences, since they do not contain transitive verbs: I lack your tenderness, you lack my care (Shchipachev); There is no stronger beast than a cat (Krylov); Gerasim was no longer in the yard (Turgenev).
The indirect object is expressed by forms of indirect cases with and without prepositions and refers to the verb,
to an adjective, to words of the state category, to a noun: So forget about your anxiety, Don’t be so sad about me (Yesenin); The word “tomorrow” was invented for indecisive people and for children (Turgenev); I brought a basket full of dew from the forest (Marshak); It is impossible to live in the world without sacrifices, without efforts and hardships: life is not a garden in which only flowers grow (Goncharov).
The meaning of an object in secondary members of a sentence is often complicated by attributive and adverbial meanings.
Determinative complements are subject to sentence members expressed by verbal nouns that retain the action component in semantics (the categorical meaning of the verb). This explains the correlation between a number of verbal and substantive phrases: think about the past - thoughts about the past, dream about travel - dream about travel, demand quality - demand quality, study history - study history, etc.
The brighter the verbal component in the semantics of verbal nouns, the clearer the meaning of the object among their distributors. When the verb component is neutralized, the attributive meaning in the dependent word is stronger: the thought of you, the meaning of speech, etc.
Adverbial additions are subject to verb forms: Butterflies flutter over the flowers... (Sokolov-Mikitov); For_
art is only suitable for the material that has won
place in the heart (Paustovsky).

More on the topic § 45. Direct and indirect additions:

ADDITIONS TO THE ARTICLE “THE QUESTION OF FREE WILL” Appendix 1
Sentences with direct and indirect speech, their structural and semantic features. The mechanism for replacing direct speech with indirect speech.

Addition

Addition - this is a minor member of the sentence that answers questions of indirect cases and denotes the object (subject) to which the action is directed or associated or (less often) in relation to which a qualitative attribute is manifested. Sometimes addition denotes the subject of an action or state (see translation agency). For example: The old man was catching fish with a seine (A. Pushkin); He was not at all inclined to humility and meekness (K. Chukovsky); I can’t sleep, there’s no fire... (A. Pushkin).

Add-ons, expressing the object of action, are used with verbs, as well as with nouns formed from them: deliver goods- cargo delivery; work on an article- working on the article.

Add-ons, naming an object in relation to which a qualitative attribute is manifested, are used with adjectives and nouns formed from them: faithful to duty- loyalty to duty; stingy in his movements- stinginess in movements.

Add-ons are divided into straight And indirect.

Direct addition - This addition, which depends on a transitive verb and is expressed by a noun or pronoun (as well as any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun) in the accusative case without a preposition: see picture, sing a song, fix the iron , write a letter , solve a problem , seehis , meet a friend .

Direct addition can also be expressed by a noun in the genitive case without a preposition. The genitive case is used instead of the accusative in two cases: 1) if there is a negative particle Not before a transitive verb: felt joy- did not feel joy; heard voices- did not hear voices; 2) if the action does not transfer to the entire object, but only to a part: bought bread- bread; drank water- water: ...The gun commander did not leave the firing position, he asked to bring him shells from the broken guns (V. Astafiev); Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me you sing the songs of sad Georgia... (A. Pushkin).

Direct addition denotes an object to which an action is directly directed, which can arise, be created or disappear, or be destroyed during the action: knit a sweater,write an essay, decorate a room, check a dictation, break a tree, demolish a house etc.

Everyone else additions are indirect, they express different relations of action or attribute to objects: I won't regret it about roses, withered with a light spring (A. Pushkin); Aksinya remembered her youth and all her life, poor in joys (M. Sholokhov).

Add-ons can be expressed:

1) a noun in any indirect case with or without a preposition: With a golden ray the villagelilo (A. Maikov);

2) pronoun: I could never argue with them(M. Lermontov);

3) cardinal number: Divide thirty-six by two;

4) any part of speech in the meaning of a noun: I ran to my grandmother and asked her about the forgotten (M. Gorky);

5) infinitive: Everyone asked her to sing something (M. Lermontov);

6) syntactically integral phrases and phraseological units (the same as the subject): Hunters killed seventeen snipe (L. Tolstoy).

Addition

noun, With., used compare often

Morphology: (no) what? additions, what? addition, (see) what? addition, how? addition, about what? about the addition; pl. What? additions, (no) what? additions, what? additions, (see) what? additions, how? additions, about what? about additions

1. One object, phenomenon, etc. is called addition to another object, phenomenon, etc., if it is added to it.

Practical experience is a good addition to theoretical knowledge. | The next room was a small addition to the main room. | Fish became a valuable addition to their diet.

2. Supplement they call something that expands or deepens someone’s words, thought, text.

Make amendments to the bill. | He drew up a codicil to the will. | The iconographic material needed additions.

3. If you do anything in addition to something, it means you do it on top of something.

I studied two languages in addition to those I learned at university.

4. In grammar addition- this is a member of a sentence that denotes the object of an action or attribute and is usually expressed by the indirect case of a noun.

Direct addition. | Indirect addition.

Dictionary Russian language Dmitriev. D. V. Dmitriev. 2003.

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

See what “addition” is in other dictionaries:

ADDENDUM, additions, cf. (book). 1. Action under Ch. complement complement. He was involved in adding and correcting old articles for the collection. || A part added to clarify or correct what was previously written. In the new circular... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

See addition, addition in addition... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. addition augmentation, replenishment, addition, addition, additive, allowance, increase, ... ... Dictionary of synonyms

A minor member of a sentence, expressing the relationship of one subject of thought to another, named by a verb (verb object) or a name (nominal object). The function of addition is predominantly played by the indirect case of the name (with... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ADDITION, I, Wed. 1. see add. 2. What n. added, addition. D. to the resolution. In d. (in addition to nothing else). Additions to clothing (ties, belts, scarves, bags, jewelry). 3. In grammar: minor member of a sentence... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

1's complement- reverse code bitwise complement - [L.G. Sumenko. English-Russian dictionary on information technology. M.: State Enterprise TsNIIS, 2003.] Topics information Technology in general Synonyms reverse code bit complement EN one s complement ...

- (document amendment) (rider) An American term meaning a clause or condition added in addition to an important bill, but not directly related to its contents. In most cases, such additional items would not be included in... ... Political science. Dictionary.

Addition- 1. Same as addenda, additional text with clarifications, changes or new considerations, placed by the author after the work or its part (section), when to enter new material into a previously written text or inappropriate (required... ... Publishing dictionary-reference book

- (Supplement), Poland, 2001, 108 min. A film about choosing a calling in life and attitude towards faith. Main character in search of his calling, he rushes between the monastery and everyday life, in which he has a girlfriend and a brother. Cast: Pavel Okraska, Monika... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema

Addition- ADDITION. A grammatical term denoting a noun in the indirect case, as part of a sentence. In some traditional grammars, the term D. is used in a narrower sense to designate a noun in the indirect case,... ... Dictionary of literary terms

- (complement) A product for which the demand changes in the same direction as the demand for some other goods whose prices have changed. For example, an increase in the price of bread can lead to a decrease in demand for it; if at the same time the demand for... ... Dictionary of business terms

addition- The structural part of the main text, composed of materials allocated by the author for placement at the end of the work or its section. [GOST R 7.0.3 2006] Subjects of the publication, main types and elements Generalizing terms parts and elements of the text... ... Technical Translator's Guide

Books

Addition to the board game "Settlers" - Aztec Empire (8964), Trzewiczek Ignacy. The Aztecs expansion adds a new empire and new ritual game mechanics to board game"Settlers". It is not a standalone game. In order to play in addition "...

In the Russian language, all words that are part of sentences are either main members or secondary ones. The main ones constitute and indicate the subject being discussed in the statement and its action, and all other words in the construction are distributive. Among them, linguists distinguish definitions, circumstances and additions. Without minor members of the sentence, it would be impossible to talk about any event in detail without missing a single detail, and therefore the importance of these members of the sentence cannot be overestimated. This article will discuss the role of the complement in the Russian language.

Thanks to this member of the sentence, it is easy to construct a complete statement in which not only the action of the main character of the story will be indicated, but also the object with which this very action is connected will be highlighted. So, in order not to get confused, you should start analyzing this topic from the very beginning. After all, only by following consistency can you learn the great and powerful Russian language.

Definition

A complement is a minor member of a sentence that indicates an object that is the result of the action of the main person in the sentence or to which this action is directed. Can be expressed as follows:

A personal pronoun or noun used in indirect case forms. Can be used in a sentence with or without a preposition (I listen to music and think about him).
Any part of speech that performs the function of a noun (She glanced at the people who entered).
Often additions in Russian are expressed by the infinitive (Parents asked her to sing).
A free phraseological combination of a noun and a numeral, used in the genitive case (He opened six tabs.).
A connected and stable phraseological combination (He said not to hang your nose).

Function and addition issues

In Russian, the addition responds to cases, namely: “Whom?”, “To whom?”, “Whom?”, “About whom?”, “What?” “What?”, “What?”, “About what?” In a sentence, this minor member has an explanatory function and can refer to the following parts of speech:

To a verb used as a predicate (I am writing a letter).
To a noun as any member of a sentence (Hope for the father).
To a participle or adjective used as any member of a sentence (Weighing grain; strict to daughter).
To an adverb as any member of a sentence (Unbeknownst to you).

Types of add-ons

If a given member of a sentence depends on a verb, then it can be of two types:

Direct objects in Russian are used without prepositions and are expressed by transitive verbs in Such words denote an object to which, one way or another, the action of the main person relates. For example: I remember very well the day we met. If the predicate in a sentence is a transitive verb and is in the form of negation, then it can be used with it direct object in the genitive case without a preposition (But we can’t bring back the days of yore). In the case of impersonal predicative words in a sentence, the addition is also used in the form of the genitive case and without a preposition with the words “sorry” and “sorry” (And we feel sorry for something bright).
Indirect objects in Russian are expressed by words in the form of the accusative case, used together with prepositions, and in others without prepositions (She jumped up and began to peer out of the window with a restless look; his attempts to improve relations with his classmates were crowned with success).

Meanings of direct objects

Direct objects in Russian, used with verbs, can denote the following objects:

An item obtained as a result of the action (I will build a house in the village).
An object or person that is exposed to action (Father caught a fish and brought it home).
An object to which the feeling is directed (I love winter evenings and walks along a snowy street).
Object of development and knowledge (She knew foreign languages and could communicate freely; she was interested in philosophy and foreign literature).
The space that is overcome by the main person (I will go around the entire globe, cross the cosmic distances).
Object of desire or thought (Now I remember it).

Meanings of indirect objects without prepositions

An indirect object in Russian, used without prepositions, can have the following meanings:

The relationship of the objects referred to in a phrase or sentence, namely the object to which the action is directed (Harvested).
Object of achievement or touch (Received his diploma today; he will be happy when he touches just her hand).
An object with which an action is performed (You can’t cut out what’s written on your heart with an ax).
A subject or state that complements the action (The bear he killed was very large; he should be sorry).

The meaning of indirect objects with prepositions

Indirect additions, which cannot be used in a context without prepositions, in a sentence can acquire the following shades of meaning:

The material from which this or that object is made (The house is built of stone).
The object that is affected (Waves splashing on the stone).
The person or thing that is the cause of the condition (The father was worried about his son).
An object to which thoughts and feelings are directed. (He talked about the benefits of his work.)
The object from which is removed (It is in early age left his father's house.).
The person who participates in the main action (Upon arrival, the grandchildren surrounded the grandmother and kissed her for a long time.).

Addition as part of turnover

In the Russian language there are such concepts as active and passive phrases. In both cases, this is a special phrase, the construction of which includes the main and considered secondary members of the sentence.

A turnover is considered valid in the case when the addition is the person to whom the action is directed, and main member sentences are expressed by a transitive verb. For example: picked a bouquet, mowed the lawn.

Passive is a turn in which the basis is the subject undergoing action, and the complement indicates the main object of the statement. For example: the colonel was quickly picked up by the privates and sent to the infirmary.

How to find an addition in a sentence?

Questions of addition in Russian are very simple, and therefore, regardless of what part of speech a given member of a sentence is expressed, finding it in the context is not too difficult. To do this, you should follow the standard parsing scheme. First, highlight the grammatical basis, and then determine the connection of words in a sentence through the questions posed. First, from the subject and predicate to the secondary members, and then directly between the secondary members. In writing, each word, depending on which category it belongs to, is indicated by a special type of underlining. To complement this

Secondary members of a sentence are the basis of complete statements

Secondary members of a sentence are a fairly voluminous topic and contain many rules, but if you do not spend a sufficient amount of time studying it, you will not be able to master such a great science as the Russian language. Circumstance, addition and definition are those that will allow you to form a statement that reveals the entire meaning of the story. Without them, the language would lose all its charm. Therefore, it is very important to approach this topic with full responsibility in order to know how to correctly use this or that word in context.

Secondary members play an important role in a sentence, enriching it, bringing clarity, explaining the subject and predicate. Among them, the addition stands out. The mistake in highlighting this minor member is that it is often confused with the subject, especially when it is in the accusative case. To avoid inaccuracies, you need to know what questions the supplement answers. We will talk about this in the article.

General information

The addition answers questions about indirect cases. These include everything except the nominative (the subject answers it).

Usually, a question is asked about the addition from the members of the sentence (minor and main), which are expressed either by verbs or those close in meaning to them (participles, gerunds).

Meaning

The meanings of the addition can be completely different. Let's analyze such relationships with the predicate in a sentence and see how the addition answers the questions. Examples below.

Olga gives (what?) an injection.

Olga gives an injection to (who?) her mother.

Olga gives an injection (with what?) with a syringe.

Sometimes there are additions that depend on verbal nouns and adjectives: conquering the top, moving to the end of the line, fish fried in a frying pan.

If we systematize the meanings, taking into account what the complement responds to, we get the following:

This minor member determines the object experiencing the action: choosing (what?) a profession, washing (what?) linen.
The object in whose interests the action is performed: write to your brother, go to your sister, come to your parents.
A means of performing an action or a tool: writing with a pen, swimming breaststroke, drawing with a brush and paints.

How is the addition expressed?

The object, like the subject, is expressed by the following parts of speech:

A noun in the oblique case or a noun pronoun in the same form. The preposition is variable: I went (to whom?) to my mother; happy with (what?) the work; I think (about whom?) about him; bring (who?) him.
Any substantive part of speech (endowed with the function of a noun). Everyone was interested in (who?) was reading.
Infinitive. The audience asked the troupe (about what?) to dance again.
Numeral name. I'll multiply (what?) fifteen (by what?) by ten.
Phraseologism. I ask my sister (about what?) not to hang her nose.

What does the supplement refer to?

Since the addition answers questions of indirect cases, most often it refers to the predicate verb. In this way, it brings clarity to the main action being communicated in the sentence. We are walking (with whom?) with our daughter around the store. IN in this case the addition “with my daughter” extends the predicate verb “walking”.

However, this minor member can also refer to a noun that has some kind of action in its meaning. For example, “He is the driver of (what?) a heavy vehicle.” The object of "car" refers to the noun "driver".

Short adjectives are close in form and meaning to the predicate verb, so this minor member can also apply to them: I am angry (at whom?) at my neighbor. The complement with the preposition "to the neighbor" refers to the short adjective "evil". Less commonly, it refers to a full adjective: Resembling (who?) like a father.

Often an addition explains an adverb or adjective in comparative degree. For example: She looks younger (what?) than her age. Jasmine is more fragrant (what?) than roses.

Direct

Depending on what questions the addition answers, it can be either direct or indirect. The first requires placement in the accusative case, and there cannot be a preposition with it.

This addition defines the object of the action. It refers to a transitive verb or adverb. For example: to hate the enemy is direct, it is in the accusative case, and the verb “to hate” is transitive. Another example: I feel sorry for your friend. The addition of “friend” refers to the adverb “sorry”, which acts as a predicate in this sentence.

What questions does a direct complement answer? Only questions in the genitive or accusative case. Let's look at the options:

The most common is the accusative case form with a missing preposition: We decorated the Christmas tree with the whole family. The addition “Christmas tree” is direct, used in the accusative case, there is no preposition.
Form of the genitive case when denoting a part of something whole: I poured tea leaves into a cup, and then diluted it with boiling water and put in lemon. The addition of “infusion” is direct and is in the genitive case. Also, the genitive case can indicate any result of an action, combined with the meaning of quantity: I need to go buy flour and bread.
In impersonal sentences, when the predicate is an adverb: What a pity for the wasted years.

Indirect

What questions does the indirect complement answer? For all the others: accusative with preposition, dative, instrumental and prepositional. The last three can be used with or without a preposition.

Our childhood dreams included bright travels and carefree everyday life (indirect additions - dreams, everyday life).
We pretended to be adults to ride this attraction (indirect addition - adults).
Talk about the upcoming celebration occupied everyone free time(indirect addition - about the celebration).