Research
"Wintering birds of my village"
Work completed by: 6th grade student Blinnikov
Head: biology teacher S.M. Blinnikova
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………
2. Chapter 1. Species composition of birds visiting the feeder…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Chapter 2. food preference of different bird species……………….
4.Chapter 3. Peculiarities of bird behavior at the feeder
5. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. List of references………………………………………………………..
Introduction.
Birds are constant companions of humans. For a long time, people have admired the beauty and grace of these birds and listened to their singing. Birds are indispensable helpers for humans. They live next to us all year round. However, the most difficult period in the life of birds is winter. How can we help them get through this period of time? The most difficult thing is finding food. We can help the birds by making feeders and hanging them near our homes. I made my own feeder and hung it on a bird cherry bush not far from the window to make it easier to observe. Target I defined my observation as follows: to study the behavioral characteristics of birds arriving at the feeder. To achieve the goal I needed to solve the following tasks:
Based on observations and using scientific literature, study the species composition of birds visiting the feeder;
Study the food preferences of different bird species.
Find out the dependence of the number of individuals simultaneously feeding on the feeder on their species, the amount and variety of food on the feeder, climatic conditions, and other factors.
Object of study: wintering birds
Subject of study: wintering birds at the feeder
Research methods: observation, partly search.
Theoretical value The point is that I learned many interesting facts from the life of birds from scientific literature and the Internet, and also learned which birds winter in our village.
Practical value lies in the fact that I learned how to make feeders correctly and fed wintering birds during the winter.
Use of knowledge obtained while working on this study will help me in the future when studying in high school.
Chapter 1.Species composition of birds visiting the feeder and their brief characteristics.
House Sparrow;
Black crow;
Great Spotted Woodpecker;
Great tit;
Common magpie;
Magpie blue.
Using Internet resources and scientific literature, I found the following descriptions of these birds.
HOUSE SPARROW ( Passer domesticus ) belongs to the order Passeriformes, family Weavers. This is one of the most widely known birds living in the vicinity of humans. Its weight is 23-35 g. The general color of its plumage is brownish-brown above, whitish below. The male is distinguished from the female by a large black spot covering the chin, throat, crop and upper chest, as well as a dark gray (rather than dark brown) top of the head. The sparrow nests in separate pairs, but sometimes in colonies. Settles directly near a person’s home or near his settlements. The nest is a rough structure in the form of a heap of various well-worn rubbish: straws, washcloths, dry blades of grass, feathers. Both sexes participate in the construction of the nest. House sparrows begin breeding early. In March, and sometimes as early as February, pre-marital revival begins in the central zone of our country. In the second half of March, pairing occurs, and in April, nests are built and eggs are laid. In a clutch there are from 4 to 10, more often 5-7, white eggs with brownish specks and spots. Incubation lasts 11 - 13 days. Sparrows are very prolific and during the summer they manage to raise two broods in the north and three in the south. The house sparrow feeds mainly on plant food and only partially on insects in the spring, with which it also feeds its chicks. In human settlements, he picks up agricultural seeds and waste from various products. In some places, especially in the south, where sparrows are numerous, in the summer they cause significant damage to ripening grain crops, as well as berries, sunflowers and hemp. During the rest of the year, their harm is insignificant. During the period of feeding the chicks, they are even useful in destroying harmful insects. Sparrows are carriers of various pests and some diseases. On their plumage they carry dangerous grain pests - granary mites - from one elevator to another, and spread smallpox, night blindness, diphtheria and some other diseases of poultry.
Black Crow. (Corvus corone) raven family. Medium sized bird. The color is black, the head has a purple tint, the beak is powerful, black. The tail is rounded. They live everywhere, often near populated areas. Crows are omnivorous birds. The composition of their food varies markedly with the seasons. In autumn, flocks, feeding in the fields, consume seeds of agricultural plants - mainly carrion, as well as insects, especially beetles and Orthoptera. In winter, the main food is various kitchen waste. Birds easily find them near human habitation, in landfills, along roads. Crows successfully catch small rodents, especially less agile voles. However, the crow cannot defeat the stronger and more aggressive gray rat. Destroying harmful insects and
Great Spotted Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos major )belongs to the order Woodpeckers of the Woodpecker family. This is a medium-sized bird, about 25cm long and weighing about 100g. The Great Spotted Woodpecker's plumage contains black, white and red colors. The whole appearance of the woodpecker speaks of its adaptability to living in trees. Woodpeckers are one of the few birds that can move along smooth trunks. Their short paws have (with rare exceptions) four toes, two of which are directed forward, two - back. The fingers are equipped with sharp curved claws. The woodpecker's tail consists of very strong and elastic feathers, pointed at the ends. When climbing a tree and sitting on a trunk, a woodpecker rests on its tail. The woodpecker nests in tree hollows, which it hollows out every year (with rare exceptions). The preparation of the hollow is mainly done by the male, starting work in April. In May, at the bottom of the hollow, directly without any bedding (except for a small amount of wood dust), the female lays 5-7 pure white glossy eggs. Hatching lasts 12 days. The chicks hatch naked and blind, with a long beak whose lower jaw is longer and wider than the upper. This makes it easier for the chick to pick up the food that is brought. Basically, the woodpecker is a “useful” bird: it destroys a large number of pests and creates hollows in which tits and other birds settle after it. However, individual woodpeckers can destroy the nests of small birds and steal chicks and eggs from them.
GREAT TIT ( Parus major ) belongs to the order Passeriformes, family Titmouse. This is quite a beautiful bird. The dorsal side is yellowish-green, the ventral side is yellow with a wide black stripe along the chest and belly. The upper side of the head, sides of the neck, throat and adjacent part of the crop are shiny black with a bluish steel tint, the sides of the head are white. The wing is grayish-blue with a light transverse stripe. The tail is blackish with a bluish coating. The great tit is one of the largest representatives of the family: its body length is 130-165 mm, weight is about 20 g. The tit is a sedentary bird, and only partially wanders. In spring, it returns to its nesting sites in the second half of February - early March. At this time, the males sing a monotonous, but not devoid of pleasant, ringing song. It can be expressed in words as repeated “drink-drink-drank...”. Tits settle in a wide variety of areas of the tree stand, but still prefer to nest in deciduous forests. Nests are made in the hollows of woodpeckers, less often in rotten wood of a tree in the place of a fallen knot, behind loose bark, in crevices of wooden buildings, in old squirrel nests, between thick twigs and branches that form the skeleton of an old nest of birds of prey, as well as in other closed places, usually at a height of 2-6 m from the ground. There are known cases of using completely unusual premises for nesting: in Kyzyl-Kum, a pair of tits successfully built a nest and hatched chicks in a camel’s skull. They sometimes nest in mailboxes. They willingly settle in nests made by humans. Both birds of the pair build a nest within 4-7 days. In rainy springs, the construction of individual nests sometimes takes 10-12 days. Tits sometimes drag up to 200 g of building material into large hollows, trying to fill the entire internal space of the bottom with it. A nest is usually built from thin twigs, roots, dry grass stems, moss, lichens, as well as plant fluff, feathers, scraps of wool, cocoons and webs of spiders and insects. The tray is lined with horsehair, soft hair from various animals and soft feathers. During the breeding season there are usually two clutches: the first, consisting of 9-15 eggs, in April; the second, from 7-11 eggs, in June. Usually, for the second clutch, the birds move to another hollow located close to the first one. Tit eggs are white, slightly shiny with a large number of reddish-brown spots scattered on their surface. Only the female incubates them for 13-14 days. The male only occasionally brings her food. The hatched chicks are fed exclusively by the male for the first 3-5 days of life, while the female warms the chicks during this time. The chicks remain in the nest for 19-21 days. These restless birds are constantly in motion: moving from branch to branch, clinging with one or both legs, they often hang at the ends of thin branches with their backs to the ground and even upside down, helping themselves when moving up the trunk with their wings and tail, constantly flitting with places in place, and having found prey, they peck it, pressing it to a branch with its paw. The great tit is an omnivorous bird. In summer, its diet consists of eggs, caterpillars and adult butterflies, beetles, and spiders. In autumn - homoptera and eggs of butterflies, few beetles are eaten, seeds appear in the food, berries and fruits are also readily consumed. In winter, the basis of nutrition consists of plant seeds and butterfly eggs, and in spring - seeds and beetles. In addition, birds quite often eat hymenoptera (mainly sawflies), flies and bedbugs; They willingly peck at pieces of meat and lard laid out for them by humans on feeding tables, and they can peck at carrion. However, the predatory tendencies of the great tit are not that great. True, this strong bird sometimes kills during the nesting period by piercing the skull of pied flycatchers and some other small hollow-nesting birds with its beak when they try to populate the hollow with its nest; However, more often than not, a bird that flies into the hollow of a great tit manages to escape from its owner, escaping with fright or a fair beating. Among the insects eaten by the great tit, economically harmful species predominate, such as silkworms, various beetles (weevils, leaf beetles), bugs, and aphids. It is also important that tits continue to exterminate harmful insects with particular intensity in winter, reducing their numbers many times over by spring.
Magpie ( Pica pica ) - a bird of the Corvid family of the order Passeriformes from the genus Magpies. Thanks to its characteristic black and white plumage and unusually long tail, the magpie is unique and easily recognizable. The head, neck, chest and back are black with a purple or bluish-green metallic tint, the belly and shoulders are white. White wing tips are also common. The long tail (longer than the body) and wings are black.
Males and females do not differ from each other in appearance, although males are somewhat heavier - on average 233 g (females - on average 203 g). Magpies can reach a length of about 51 cm, the wingspan is about 90 cm. On the ground, the magpie most often moves by jumping, but can also walk with a gait characteristic of corvids. She moves very skillfully in the crown of trees. The flight of the magpie is wave-like and gliding.
The common magpie is an amazing bird that can recognize itself in the mirror. Magpies often vocalize, making characteristic loud chirping sounds - talking to each other or noticing danger. To attract a partner, magpies use quiet singing, which varies greatly depending on the time and individual. Some birds imitate other animals. However, most singing consists of a seething, guttural chatter.
Common magpies are sedentary birds. They live in small forests, parks, gardens, groves, copses, often not far from human habitation. Avoid dense forest. Magpies are sociable birds, rarely seen alone, but can often be seen in flocks of two to five birds, flying from tree to tree with loud chirping sounds. After nesting, in autumn and winter they gather in flocks of several hundred individuals.
Like most corvids, magpies eat a wide variety of foods. Its diet includes both small mammals and insects. Magpies also often destroy bird nests, carrying eggs and chicks. And sometimes they even steal bones from dogs. Magpies living next to a person are not afraid to steal some food from him. Magpie is an omnivorous bird. It feeds on both animal and plant food. The magpie searches for food on the ground: insects, slugs, spiders and woodlice. Sometimes she manages to catch a small mammal or lizard. Farmers do not like magpies because they peck grains and seeds in the fields.
Magpies build several nests, of which they occupy only one. The magpie's nest is spherical, built from dry twigs and twigs, with a side entrance. The female lays 5-8 eggs in April, after which she incubates them for 17-18 days.
Blue Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus) Outwardly, the blue magpie resembles an ordinary one, but it is much smaller and has a different color. Its head is decorated with a black “cap”, its back and rump are brownish-gray, its throat, cheeks, chest and belly are white with a slight brownish coating. But the wings and long stepped tail are blue.
Distributed in two completely isolated areas: in Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and in East Asia. The western population lives in Spain and Portugal, and the eastern population lives in the Amur region, Primorye and in East Asian countries neighboring Russia. Once the range was continuous, but the repeated arrival of glaciers from the north and climate change in Central Asia to a drier one disrupted the connection between the extreme populations. This gap is explained by the division of the original range during the Ice Age. In Europe, blue magpies are numerous in deciduous and pine forests, and are also found on dunes overgrown with introduced eucalyptus trees, in olive groves, in pastures and gardens; in the Far East they prefer floodplain forests.
The blue magpie inhabits low-growing forests and shrubs in floodplains and nests there. The nest is usually located in the upper parts of tree crowns. Its nests differ from the nests of the common magpie in that they are cup-shaped and located in the crown of a tree. On the outside they are woven from roots and twigs, and on the inside they are lined with delicate plant fibers, moss and feathers. The clutch contains 3-7 gray-bluish eggs with dark specks. The female lays them quite late, in May - June.
During the nesting period, blue magpies become very secretive and often stay alone, less often in pairs. They often nest in sparse colonies; another thing is in the fall, when they gather in flocks of 20 or more birds and roam through bushes and wetlands. Their voices - a loud "chiiil-chin-chin" - can be heard from afar.
Chapter 2.Preference for food by different bird species.
To feed the birds, I used the following types of food: bread crumbs, unsalted lard, rice, wheat, barley groats, wheat groats, sunflower seeds. I poured food into the feeder every day at lunch (when I came home from school), and on weekends I also poured food at lunch, since the birds get used to a certain feeding time. I cleaned the feeder daily. The observation was carried out through the window, since when I was next to the feeder, the birds did not fly up to it. I tried to alternate types of food. Sparrows and titmice preferred to peck wheat and barley groats; they pecked wheat and rice reluctantly. When there was nothing in the feeder except rice, they did not fly away for a long time, they jumped on the ground near the feeder, looking for something.
Bread crumbs freeze quickly in the cold, and sparrows and titmice do not peck at them well.
Magpies, woodpeckers and crows pecked at any food. Tits preferred unsalted lard; the crow would grab the whole piece and fly away with it.
At first I hung my feeder by a branch, and one day, when several crows flew in, they knocked it over. After that, I additionally strengthened the feeder with rope.
Chapter 3.Features of bird behavior at the feeder.
After observing birds for three months, I noticed the following:
Sparrows stay in flocks in winter; several individuals fly to the feeder at a time.
The behavior of sparrows at the feeder depends on the daytime temperature: if it is cold, then the flock of sparrows is small, up to three to four individuals; upon arrival, the sparrows sit, ruffled, do not chirp, they fly only to peck at the food and immediately fly away; if the temperature rises, the flock of sparrows becomes larger (up to 20 individuals), they begin to chirp loudly, sit on bird cherry branches near the feeder, some jump on the ground, and fly into the feeder several times.
Sparrows treat titmice without fear; they immediately fly away from the feeder when magpies, crows and woodpeckers appear.
Tits are very careful; they usually fly to the feeder in pairs. Before sitting on the feeder, they look around for a long time, do not stay at the feeder for long, and when other birds appear, they immediately fly away. After feeding, they take a long time to clean themselves up, clean their feathers and beak.
Large birds (magpies, crows, woodpeckers) fly in quickly and greedily pounce on the food. The crow flies away immediately, the magpies jump along the branches and fences, the woodpecker begins to peck at the trunk of the bird cherry tree.
During the observation, there were no visitors for several days, although there was food.
Conclusions:
On my feeder I described six species of birds (house sparrow, black crow, common magpie, blue magpie, great tit, great spotted woodpecker). There were no such birds as waxwings, grosbeaks, and bullfinches. This, in my opinion, is due to the fact that in our area this year they did not have food (rose hips, hawthorn, apple trees, bird cherry), since during the flowering of these plants there was a severe frost that destroyed all the buds.
Preference in food depends on the size of the birds - small birds (sparrows and tits) prefer small food (wheat, barley cereals), larger birds feed on any food.
Bird behavior depends on:
From the presence of other bird species at the feeder.
Bibliography.
1. Beiko V.B., Berezina M.V. et al. “Big Encyclopedia of the Animal World” Moscow: ROSMEN, 2010.
2. “The Great Encyclopedia of Knowledge” / Translation from German by L. S. Belova, E. V. Chernysh / Moscow: EKSMO, 2010.
3. “Big Children's Encyclopedia” / Translation from English by A. I. Kim V. V. Demykin / Moscow: ROSMEN, 2010.
4. Korsun O.V. Field atlas of species diversity of Transbaikalia: catalogue. – Chita: Express publishing house, 2009. - 272
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary school No. 3 with in-depth study of individual subjects" in Sosnogorsk, Komi Republic
Research
on the topic of: « Wintering birds of our city»
Completed: Karpushin Kirill, student of 1st grade
MBOU "Secondary School No. 3 with UIOP" Sosnogorsk
Supervisor: Zhalsanova Natalya Vasilievna,
primary school teacher
MBOU "Secondary school No. 3 with UIOP" Sosnogorsk
Sosnogorsk, 2016
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………3
1. MAIN PART………………………………………………………………………………5
1.1 Wintering birds……………………………………………………………...5
Bird feeders………………………………………………………......6
Feeding birds………………………………………………………………...7
Terms and rates of fertilizing……………………………………………...9
2. PRACTICAL STAGE ………………………………………………………11
2.1. Our observations………………………………………………………..11
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….…13
LIST OF SOURCES USED…………………………….14
INTRODUCTION
Birds are an integral part of nature; they add unique charm to forest groves and steppes. They are the best decoration of city parks and gardens. The importance of birds in nature and human economy is multifaceted. In populated areas, birds protect green spaces from pests and from insects that carry infectious diseases. Birds are constant companions of humans.
In the lessons of the surrounding world, I learned that birds are migratory and wintering; that the birds that remain for the winter need our help. That’s when I decided to learn more about the wintering birds of our city: where they live, what they eat. I am sure that winter feeding of birds is extremely necessary at the present time. This activity has great educational value, as it teaches city residents (both children and adults) to take care of those who need help. After all, the worst thing is indifference. The most accessible and common type of bird care is hanging feeders and feeding them.
While doing this work, I got acquainted with the life of birds in the city. After all, the most interesting thing for us children is watching live birds while walking. A series of observations will give me much more mental development than just reading stories about wintering birds or watching an educational film. The film will most likely be forgotten without consolidating and applying the information received.
Relevance of the topic: What is it like for our feathered neighbors in winter? Finding food under the snow is not easy. It’s hard for birds in winter: it’s cold and hungry. After all, no one thinks about how many birds die in winter in our city due to lack of food. In the bustle of the city, we usually don’t notice them, we just don’t pay attention to our little neighbors. Birds are part of the world around us. And they all need our help and our care in winter.
Hypothesis: It is likely that in winter birds suffer more from lack of food than from cold.
Goal of the work: providing assistance to birds in winter and studying the behavior of wintering birds in the city.
Research objectives:
Research the species composition of wintering birds using scientific literature;
Attract birds to feeders built with your own hands; feed birds in winter;
Study the food preferences of different bird species;
Conduct your own observations of birds flying to the feeder.
Object of study: wintering birds.
Research methods: analysis, observation, collection of information from books, Internet magazines.
Study plan:
1. Study which birds remain for the winter.
2. Study what material feeders can be built from.
3. What to feed birds in winter?
4. Our observations and conclusions.
1 MAIN PART
1.1 Wintering birds
With the onset of cold weather, birds fly away to warmer regions, to places where there is more food. And some birds remain to spend the winter in cities.
The winter season is most favorable for starting to study the species composition and lifestyle of birds. Birds become more noticeable; they themselves reach out to human habitation.
Let's consider the species composition of wintering birds:
- tit: In winter, tits gather in flocks. They can often be seen near human habitation. The top is greenish, the bottom is yellow, the wings and tail are bluish-gray. A thin white transverse stripe is visible on the wing. Characteristic features are a shiny black cap that reaches the eyes, a light spot on the back of the head, white cheeks bordered with black, a black head spot that continues on the chest;
- forty: it cannot be confused with any other bird. It’s not for nothing that people call it white-sided. The feathers on her sides are white, and her head, wings and tail are black, like a raven's. The tail is especially beautiful - long, straight, like an arrow. The feathers on it are not just black, but with a beautiful greenish tint. The magpie is a sedentary bird. In winter, most magpies, along with jackdaws and crows, move closer to people. Magpies have a varied diet. They eat everything: in the summer, insects and other small animals, they destroy the nests of other birds, and in the winter they can be seen jumping in landfills, checking the feeders of domestic animals. Magpie loves berries, fruits, and plant seeds. And I like the way she chirps;
- sparrows: Two species of sparrows live near humans - the house sparrow and the field sparrow. They are similar in behavior, coloring, voice, and size, except that the latter is somewhat slimmer;
- crows: In winter they fly to us from forest plantations; in the city they are less afraid of people. In the evening they fly in flocks over the city, and then fly to the park, sit there on the branches of trees and fall asleep until the morning. Crows are smart, do not come close to humans, are cautious, and waddle.
1.2 Bird feeders
Feeding birds, especially in winter, is not as difficult as some people think. You can build a simple feeder from any available material. You can also use empty plastic bottles or boxes, juice or milk cartons.
But it is important to remember a few basic rules:
The feeder must have a roof, otherwise the feed will be covered with snow or flooded with rain;
The hole in the feeder should be wide enough so that the bird can easily get in and out of the feeder.
At first, the number of birds flying to the feeder will be small. But over time it will increase, provided that it is necessary to regularly fill it with food. Birds quickly get used to the feeder and, making sure that food appears in it regularly, visit it daily.
My dad and I made a feeder out of twigs and boards (photos 1 and 2).
Photos 1 and 2 - Making a feeder
Every person should protect and take care of birds. So my classmates also did not remain indifferent to wintering birds, and decided to build their own houses and feed the birds (photos 3 and 4).
Photo 3 - Christina Koshlakova's feeder Photo 4 - Ilona Vakhrusheva's feeder.
1.3 Feeding birds
We used raw (unroasted) sunflower seeds and white bread crumbs as food.
You need to add food in the morning or afternoon. Traditional food for birds in winter (Table 1).
Table 1 - List of feed
| Feed | Feeding method | Bird species |
| Unroasted sunflower seeds | Pour onto the stern table | |
| Millet, millet, oats, wheat, rolled oats (raw) | Pours onto the stern table | Sparrows, rock pigeon |
| Crumbs of stale wheat bread | Pour onto the stern table | Tits, sparrows, rock pigeon |
| Pieces of unsalted lard, meat and fat | Stringed on twine, which is hung on branches |
Products that are dangerous to the health of birds are poorly digested in the stomach, and it is strictly forbidden to give them in frosty weather (which can lead to death):
Black, rye bread;
Roasted seeds;
Banana and citrus peels;
Pearl barley, peas and lentils.
The main purpose of feeding is to protect birds from hunger, maintain their high vitality and prevent or significantly reduce the pecking of fruit tree buds by birds. Another positive side of feeding is attracting birds to those places where people need it, since some of the birds that fly to the feeders, with the onset of the nesting season, remain in the feeding area, hatch and feed their chicks there, enriching the local fauna.
I installed my feeder on a tree near the house (photos 5, 6,7).
Photo 5, 6, 7 – Installing a feeder on a tree
The first to visit our feeders were sparrows and pigeons (photo 8).
Photo 4 – First guests
1.4. Terms and rates of fertilizing
The total duration of the feeding season depends on climatic conditions, the harvest of natural feed and some other reasons. It is not advisable to start feeding birds when the weather is calm and warm in October, and there is natural food in the meadows and forests. In this case, the birds will be reluctant to visit the feeders. If the weather in October is cold, rainy or snowing, and there is also a shortage of natural feed, fertilizing is necessary.
Absolute lack of food begins only with the beginning of soil freezing or the fall of deep snow cover. Therefore, the feed rate is distributed depending on the state of the food supply and climatic conditions over the periods:
The first period is the feeding period, lasting approximately 30–45 days (from October 15 to November 30). At this time, the birds are accustomed to feeders. The food was first laid out in an amount of 15–20% of the norm (while the birds were reluctant to eat it);
The second period is the main one, lasting 120 days (from December 1 to March 31). At this time, birds especially need feeding, so we give them the full amount of feed;
The third period is the final one, lasting 10–25 days (from April 1 to April 25). At this time, 80% of the full norm is laid out, since due to the melting of the snow, access to last year's reserves of natural feed opens up. It is possible to finish fertilizing before April 15 only if the weather is warm. If last year’s harvest was small or there is a late spring and there is deep snow cover everywhere, fertilizing should continue until April 15.
However, birds should not be fed too much, especially with sunflower seeds. Birds stop consuming other food, which reduces their resistance to infections, and become so dependent on feeding that if it is stopped for at least 2 days, they often die.
2 PRACTICAL STAGE
2.1. Our observations
For our feeder, I chose a place near the house so that it would be convenient for me to feed the birds every day, as well as observe their behavior. Our feeder is installed firmly and does not swing in the wind, so it is very comfortable for birds to sit on it. I poured it into the feeder every day during the day unfried sunflower seeds, grains and white bread crumbs. During the day, the birds ate everything, so by evening the feeder was already empty.
As a rule, sparrows and pigeons flew to the feeder. The first who decided to come closer to the feeder was a pigeon. It was very interesting for us to watch how he carefully flew up to the feeder, first sat on the roof, looked around and only then approached the feed. But the sparrows behaved more calmly; in a small flock they sat on the feeder and pecked at the bread.
The birds quickly got used to the feeder and, making sure that food appeared in it regularly, visited it daily.
Pigeons were preferred unfried sunflower seeds, but did not refuse bread. Sparrows, on the contrary, preferred bread and grains, and practically did not peck sunflower seeds.
After five days of feeding the birds, I decided to look at their behavior if there was no food in the feeder. During the day, the birds flew in as usual, but, not finding food, flew away. There was not a single bird on the tree, where a large number of birds usually gather during the day when the feeder is full. But as soon as I went outside from the house to pour food into the feeder, I noticed that the birds began to slowly return to their familiar “dining room”. And literally a few seconds after I poured the food, there was no longer any free space in the feeder.
I also noticed that more birds fly in in cold weather than in warm weather. I displayed my observations in Table 2
Table 2 - My observations of the behavior of birds in the feeder
| Bird species | Behavior and number of birds arriving at the feeder. |
||||
| 1 day | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | 5 day |
|
| Very few birds arrived; only one pigeon landed on the feeder. Behavior is cautious. | The number of birds has noticeably increased compared to day 1, and their behavior is noticeably calmer. Two birds have already decided to sit on the feeder. | The same number of birds arrive as on the second day, the behavior is calm. | A small flock of birds flew in. One or two birds sit on the feeder at a time. | The number of birds has noticeably increased, their behavior has become so calm that four or five birds sit on the feeder and begin to compete with each other. |
|
| Only three sparrows arrived, they were calmer. | The number of birds has not changed, the behavior is the same. | They didn't arrive. | A little more arrived than on the first and second days, they behave less carefully. Several individuals sit on the feeder. | The number of birds is increasing, they behave calmly, and do not pay attention to others. They sit on the feeder in groups. |
|
Conclusion: birds remember the place where they fed and fly there again.
CONCLUSION
After observing birds, we can draw the following conclusions: our hypothesis was confirmed - birds suffer more from lack of food than from cold. Birds are not afraid of winter if they have food. The bird is full and warm under its down and feathers.
My work is an important part of the environmental education of my peers. Through its implementation, moral standards of behavior are formed, aimed at bringing classmates closer to understanding the beauty of the world around them, the need to protect it, awaken in them the desire to be kind and attentive, and teach them to love nature. It’s not so difficult to make a feeder with your own hands, fill it with food, and observe the behavior of different types of birds flocking to the treat.
Thus, by hanging feeders, no matter where it is - in gardens, parks, or near our houses, we not only help the birds, but also protect the trees, because if in some place the birds constantly find food, then in the summer they will fly here and protect plants from harmful insects.
It is very important that birds, these beautiful creatures, tireless workers, full of attractive secrets for humans, live happily on our land!
LIST OF SOURCES USED
1. Anashkina E.N. What is the cuckoo singing about? Watching birds - Yaroslavl [Text]: Academy of Development, 2004. - 255 p.
2. Boehme R.L. Birds. Encyclopedia of Russian Nature [Text]: encyclopedia / R.L. Boehme, V.E. Flint, A.E. Cherenkov. – M.: Publishing house “ABF”. 1998.-491 p.
3. Children's encyclopedia “I know the world” [Text]: - Wildlife from A to Z.-M., 2008. - 384 p.
4. Dmitriev Yu. Book of Nature [Text]: encyclopedia / Yu. Dmitriev, N. Pozharitskaya, A. Vladimirov, V. Porudominsky. – M.: Children’s literature, 1990. – 400 s. .
5. Encyclopedia for children. “Birds and Beasts” [Text]: - M.: Publishing house “World of Encyclopedias Avanta +”. 2011.-448 p.
6.http://www.countrysideliving.net/GRD_PRJ_BirdsWint_Jan05.html: [Electronic resource].
Seravina Oksana Olegovna
This work talks about wintering birds in our area, their feeding habits, and bird species. The work was written based on bird watching.
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District Department of Education Sosnovsky
municipal district of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Elizarovskaya secondary school
Research
Wintering birds in our area
Section “Young ecologist”
Nomination "Observation"
Work completed:
4th grade student
Seravina Oksana Olegovna
Age: 10 years
Head of work:
Ezhova Olga Sergeevna,
Primary school teacher
Artist address:
606185, Nizhny Novgorod region,
Sosnovsky district, village. Elizarovo,
St. Molodezhnaya, 3, apt. 15
S. Elizarovo, 2012
Introduction 3
1. Classification of birds 4 - 8
1.1. Classification of birds according to the nature of seasonal migrations 4 - 6
1.2. Classification of birds by nutrition 7 - 8
2. Bird food in winter 9 - 14
3. Feeders 15 - 17
Conclusion 18
References 19
Applications 20 - 25
Introduction
In the lessons of the surrounding world, we became acquainted with birds and their distinctive features from other groups of animals. I learned that birds are migratory, sedentary and nomadic. During a walk in the fall, we watched birds preparing for migration. I became interested in finding out which birds will stay in our village for the winter, what they will eat, and what difficulties await them in winter.
Purpose of the study: observing the life of birds in our area in winter, providing all possible assistance to the birds.
Research objectives:
1. Find out what birds winter in the village of Elizarovo.
2. How does the food of birds wintering in rural areas change?
3. Find out which feeders are suitable for wintering birds.
4. Make feeders, hang them in the school area and feed the birds.
I assumed that:
1) with the onset of winter, birds change the type of food they eat;
2) if the bird is hungry, then it will eat any food from any feeder.
Study plan:
1. Collect information about wintering birds from various sources of information (from adults, from encyclopedias, reference books, fiction).
2. Find out what feeders are needed for wintering birds, how to make them, and what materials are needed for this.
3. Make feeders and hang them in the school area, near the houses where we live.
4. Choose food for birds.
1. Classification of birds
1.1. Classification of birds according to the nature of seasonal migrations
From the Birds of the World encyclopedia I learned thatby seasonal nature flights All birds can be divided into three groups: sedentary, nomadic and migratory.
To the sedentary These include birds that live in the same area throughout the year. Some of these birds spend their entire lives within a small nesting territory, without leaving its boundaries even in winter. Such birds can be called strictly sedentary. In the village of Elizarovo these include sparrows, pigeons, jackdaws and some other birds. They live constantly near human settlements. There they find enough food throughout the year.
Semi-sedentary are birds that, after hatching their chicks, go out in search of food outside their nesting territory and spend the winter in its immediate vicinity. These types of birds live all winter more or less sedentary, in one or several points. Within the village of Elizarovo, these include magpies, crows, etc. Semi-sedentary birds are well provided with winter food.
Nomadic are birds that, after breeding, leave the nesting territory and until spring make continuous movements, moving tens, hundreds and even thousands of kilometers from their territory. Unlike sedentary birds, nomadic birds are characterized by constant movements in search of food and the absence of more or less long-term sedentism during the winter. If birds linger in places where food is concentrated, it is not for long, since their natural food reserves in winter are not as plentiful and stable as those of sedentary birds. The direction of movement of nomadic birds is not constant. Visiting places favorable in terms of food and other conditions during migrations, birds can repeatedly change the path of their movement in a wide variety of directions, but more often towards warm climatic zones. The nomadic birds that live in our area include tits, nuthatches, bullfinches, waxwings and others.
Bullfinch Waxwing
Migratory are birds that, after breeding, leave the nesting territory and fly to other, remote areas for the winter. Unlike nomadic birds, migratory birds are characterized by the presence not only of certain directions and timing of flight, but also of a fairly clearly defined wintering area in which the birds live more or less sedentary. Movement to wintering grounds for migratory birds takes place not in the form of migrations, but in the form of migration. Flight directions for different species of birds may be different, but for the inhabitants of the northern hemisphere, most often towards the southern hemisphere. Wintering areas are usually many hundreds and even thousands of kilometers away from bird nesting areas. The majority of birds in our region are migratory: blackbirds, ducks, geese, chaffinches, skylarks, waders, herons and many others.
All these birds cannot find their usual food in their summer habitats in winter.
I learned that birds are much more afraid of hunger than cold. The average body temperature in birds is +41°C (in humans +36.6°C). If the frost gets stronger, the birds ruffle their feathers. The number of feathers remains unchanged, but in the voids between them the amount of air sharply increases, which does not allow the heat coming from the animal to pass through. In frost, birds move less, do not fly far, and eat more: frost is dangerous only for a hungry bird. Some of our birds can hatch chicks in winter. These birds are crossbills.
1.2. Classification of birds by diet
From the children's encyclopedia I found out that nutritionall birds can be divided into three groups: herbivores, carnivores and those with a mixed diet(birds consuming both plant and animal food). Among our birds, the last group is the largest in number. This is due to seasonal changes in feed. The appearance of new food in the fall (berries, seeds, cones, acorns, nuts), and the reduction in animal food in winter forces a significant number of birds to switch completely or partially from animal food to plant food, and in the spring - vice versa.
As a result of observations and study of books, it was revealed that the following species of wintering birds live in our area (I learned about some for the first time):
1) Zimnyak
2) Long-eared owl
3) Horned lark (larger than a sparrow)
4) Waxwing (the size of a starling)
5) Dipper (about the size of a small thrush, stocky and short-tailed)
6) Linnet (smaller than a sparrow)
7) Common bullfinch
8) Jay
9) Crossbill
10) Tap dance
11) Great tit
12) Fieldfare
13) Magpie
14) Hoodie
15) Jackdaw
16) Blue Tit
17) Common nuthatch
18) Great Spotted Woodpecker
19) Sparrow
20) Drozd
21) Rock dove
The following species of wintering birds are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region: eagle owl, hawk owl, gray woodpecker, three-sexed woodpecker.
Methods of obtaining foodbirds are also different:
They pick up food from the ground with their beak (pigeon);
They hollow out a tree and look for insects in the hollows of the bark and wood (woodpeckers); - use their beaks to pull out insects hiding in the cracks of the bark (tit);
They cut off shoots and buds (grouse, capercaillie);
They peck fruits and berries (bullfinches).
In this regard, birds have different beaks, tongues and paws. This must be taken into account when making feeders.
Thus, we learned that birds migrate and migrate to the southern, warmer regions of our country due to lack of food. Cold is less dangerous for birds than hunger. Birds can change their usual food due to changing seasons and the lack or small amount of food. Each bird has its own favorite food and, accordingly, its own structure of beak, paws and tongue.
2. Bird food in winter
According to my observations, in the village of Elizarovo in winter you can see the following birds: rock pigeon, sparrow, magpie, crow, jackdaw, bullfinch, crossbill, tit, nuthatch, waxwings. Using materials from encyclopedias and a key atlas, I compiled a table of the habitat, nutrition and economic importance of these birds.
Table 1
Bird | Habitat, wintering | Nutrition | Meaning |
Rock pigeon | Lives in populated areas, near human habitation | It feeds on plant seeds and grain crops. | Due to their speed and ability to navigate, domesticated pigeons have long been used as a means of communication. Destroys weed seeds. |
Sparrow | Usually found in cities, towns and villages. The bird is sedentary, but sensitive to cold. | It feeds on seeds and, to a lesser extent, insects. | In rural areas, house sparrows can cause great damage to agricultural crops. vein cultures. |
Common jackdaw | Lives in forests and parks, in human settlements. Winters in populated areas, where it usually meets with crows. Nomadic or migratory. | It feeds on various invertebrates, mouse-like rodents, destroys the nests of small birds, and eats all kinds of carrion and plant foods. | Jackdaws can attack vegetable gardens and orchards, destroying bean and pea seedlings in the spring, and cherry and plum fruits in the summer. Jackdaw destroys harmful insects, snails and rodents. |
Magpie | Lives in open landscapes with isolated trees. Often found in towns, villages and city parks. She is sedentary and makes short-range migrations. | It feeds on various small animals, chicks, eggs, carrion and fruits. | In the fields and forests, the magpie brings undoubted benefits, destroying many harmful insects and rodents, mainly the gray vole. |
Great tit | Lives in various types of forests, parks, gardens. More often than other birds, the tit settles next to humans. Settled bird. | They look for insects and spiders on branches and tree trunks. In autumn they eat plant food: berries, seeds, fruits. In winter they feed on plant seeds. Usually a visitor to feeders. Tits learn to take food from an outstretched palm. | Among the insects eaten, forest pests predominate. Therefore, the great tit is considered a useful bird. |
Common nuthatch | Lives in coniferous and mixed forests, gardens and parks with old trees. Settled bird. In winter, it often wanders in flocks of tits. | It feeds on insects and spiders. In autumn and winter they also feed on seeds of spruce, pine, hazel, and acorns. It usually feeds on thick tree trunks, moving upside down. | Destroys many harmful insects. |
Crossbill | Lives in coniferous and mixed forests, preferring spruce. They make nests under the protection of overhanging branches. | The main food is the seeds of spruce and pine cones. But it has been established that crossbills eat coniferous aphids; from deciduous seeds they nibble maple lionfish, hawthorn and even rowan, discarding the pulp. | Destroy many harmful insects. |
Common bullfinch | The bullfinch is an inhabitant of taiga forests. At the beginning of winter, they appear in large numbers in the cities and villages of our country: in forests, gardens and parks. | They feed on rowan berries, viburnum, buckthorn, juniper fruits, maple and ash seeds. They pick out the seeds from the berries and throw away the pulp. | Their bright red figures against the background of white snow enliven the landscape. |
Common waxwing | Inhabits coniferous and mixed forests, overgrown burnt areas and clearings. It nests in trees, most often on spruce trees. In winter it migrates and migrates. | In the summer, it feeds on insects, which it catches on the fly, and in the winter, on the berries of rowan berries, viburnum, rose hips, and juniper. Birds are very voracious and swallow the berries whole without pecking them. | Waxwings play an important role in the life of the forest: some of the berries and fruits are excreted from the body in an undigested form and, once in the soil, produce full-fledged shoots. |
Hoodie | Preference is given to cities and populated areas. In winter they gather in huge flocks, feeding in landfills. | Omnivore. | Crows destroy many bird nests, destroy small birds, but benefit agriculture by exterminating harmful rodents, locusts, beetles and the winter worm, a pest of winter crops. |
Great Spotted Woodpecker | Inhabits various types of forest, preferring coniferous and mixed forests. Found in parks and gardens. | In summer it feeds on insects, in autumn it eats, in addition to insects, blueberries, lingonberries, hazelnuts, and in winter it consumes spruce and pine seeds. | It brings considerable benefits by exterminating insects harmful to the forest. |
Winter is a harsh time of year. This year in November the weather was unstable. There was a lot of precipitation in the form of snow. In December the weather was warm from +5° to –12°C. On warm days there was a lot of precipitation. It became colder in January: from –10° to – 28°C. This means that it was very difficult for the birds during this period. In order not to freeze, birds need a lot of food.
When the night temperature drops to -10° C or lower, tits lose up to 10% of their body weight overnight! To maintain their body temperature (which is about +40°C) and survive, birds need food from the very early morning. But it happens that you can’t get to it - natural feeding places are either covered with snowdrifts or covered with an impenetrable ice crust. And only people can help birds survive.
Basic winter food: unsalted lard and beef fat, millet, wheat bran, oat flakes, sunflower and poppy seeds, as well as dried hawthorn and rose hips, nuts, cones, dried fruits, fresh soft fruits and white bread crumbs. Under no circumstances should birds be fed black bread. It causes diarrhea, which means certain death for birds.
Birds have such a hard time in winter that any disease is practically fatal to them. Therefore, feeders and places of constant feeding must be kept clean so that they do not become a source of disease. Birds can be seen near the feeders as soon as dawn breaks. Therefore, food must be poured into the feeders in the evening. And while there are severe frosts or snowstorms, this must be done every evening.
According to my observations, in the area near my house and our school you can see plants that have preserved seeds and fruits: mountain ash, viburnum, rose hips.
3. Feeders
To prevent birds from dying in winter, it is necessary to install feeders. Choosing the right bird feeder depends on the type of bird we want to attract, as well as how close we want to be to observe their habits. The closest place to watch birds is through the window. For this, “window” feeders are used; they can be attached to the window glass. These feeders are designed for small birds (tits, sparrows). The main thing is to consider the distance between the feeder and the glass so that the birds do not fly into the glass. Brightly colored decorative feeders attract the attention of birds. It is very important to make feeders long before the onset of cold weather, and install ready-made feeders in different places in the fall. You can build a simple feeder from any available material. You can use empty plastic bottles or boxes, juice or milk cartons. But it is important to remember a few basic rules:
1. The feeder must have a roof, otherwise the feed may be covered with snow or flooded with rain.
2. The hole in the feeder should be wide enough so that the bird can easily get in and out of the feeder.
There are many different types of feeders:
1. Tray feeder. This feeder is the simplest. It looks like a tray.
2. Feeding table. This feeder is different in that the tray is attached to a stand (leg).
3. Feeding houses.
4. Feeders made of glass or cans.
5. Feeder-pin.
6. Mesh feeder for thrushes, waxwings and bullfinches. Rowan fruits prepared for the winter are placed in it.
Feeder-tray Feeder-table Feeder-house
Feeder-tray Feeder-table Feeder - mesh
Feeders made from cardboard boxes Feeder made from plastic bottles
I have compiled a table of feeders and food for different types of birds:
table 2
Bird | Feeder | Feed | Method of use |
Pigeons, sparrows | Stable, strong, flat | Any: millet, sunflower seeds, thistles, corn. | They peck at the feeder. |
Tit | Small, inaccessible to pigeons, preferred in the form of a tube. | Sunflower seeds, pumpkin, melon, lard, rolled oats, raw meat. | They peck at the feeder. He takes one grain at a time, pinching it with his paws. |
Bullfinch | Beads from fruits, seeds, remote feeders. | Rowan, ash, millet, oatmeal, sunflower seeds. | It bites very carefully and does not litter. |
Waxwings | Beads from berries | Rowan, hawthorn, rose hips, wild apples, fresh fruits, dried fruits. | Doesn't fly close to humans; eats, shaking food. |
Crow, magpie | Platforms on the ground | Leftover food | They eat greedily and are not afraid of anyone. |
Conclusion
During my research, I found out what birds winter in our area, what they eat, and studied different types of feeders. None of the guys remained indifferent. Our entire class participated in making feeders, the guys showed interest in the work and their talent. We hung out the feeders together, everyone brought food with them. Even in severe frosts, having divided into groups (the children were united in groups according to their place of residence), we added food to feeders located not far from houses. The research turned out to be not only useful, but also very enjoyable, and also benefited not only the birds, but also us children: we spent more time together in the fresh air.
My assumption that the birds’ food changed with the onset of winter and, being hungry, the birds are happy with any food, was confirmed.
We spent a class hour on the topic “What do we know about birds”, hung feeders and regularly feed the birds.
Bibliography
1. E.T. Brovkina, V.I. Sivoglazov. Atlas of native nature. Birds of the forest: A textbook for primary and secondary school students. – M.: Egmont Russia, 2000.
2. D.M. Giryaev, I.M. Lemberik, O.I. Rozhkov. Young foresters. - M.: VO "Agropromizdat", 1988.
3. Children's encyclopedia "Swallowtail". Forest world. – M.: Makhaon, 2008.
4. A.I. Nikishov, A.V. Teremov. Biology. Animals. Textbook for special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type. - M.: Education, 2009.
5. A.A. Pleshakov. From earth to sky: an atlas-determinant. – M.: Education, 2011.
Annex 1
Riddles about birds
Korolkov, tit friend
Drumming on the frozen trunk
“Hey, company, come to the table!
Choose between the specks
Some are beetles and some are larvae -
The treasure was discovered under the bark.
Open the feast with a mountain!”
(Woodpecker.)
In the forest to the sound of chirping, ringing and whistling
The forest telegraph operator knocks:
“Great, buddy blackbird!
And puts an end to..."
(Woodpecker.)
For your kids -
Baby chicks -
They are in January
Cool times
Beak forceps
From fir cones
Resinous ones carry seeds.
(Crossbills.)
It curls high
Trembling a little, he will freeze.
It will sway quietly
Strikes a wing at random.
The song flows
It will break off -
A thread falls from a height:
Time for the bird
Return
And slide into the nest like an arrow
(Lark.)
And cheerful and agile,
The wings are black, the back is black.
And her sides, her sides are white,
Like flowers in spring
Palm flowers.
(Magpie.)
This bird did not raise
Little children, dear children,
A bird disappeared somewhere -
From dusk to dawn.
Who is this?
(Cuckoo.)
All the migratory birds are worse,
Cleans arable land from worms.
Jump back and forth across the arable land,
And the bird's name is... (Rook)
Carpenter using a sharp chisel
Builds a house with one window. (Woodpecker)
She is blind during the day, and receives her sight at night.
(Owl)
(Nightingale)
Me and the forest bird,
Me and the funny song
And a fun game
For children throughout the yard.
(Chizhik)
Mother gave it away
All your children
Through other people's yards - houses,
Cries and laments, calls the children together.
(Cuckoo)
Pan walks along the road.
He has legs like flippers,
The neck is long, arched,
Pinches if angry.
(Goose)
He goes fishing slowly, waddles;
Your own fishing rod, your own boat.
(Duck)
Our good friend
He will give us feathers for our pillows,
Will give eggs for pancakes,
Easter cakes and pies.
(Chicken)
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in winter it will find shelter:
He is not afraid of colds
With the first snow it's right here.
(Bullfinch)
There is a palace on the pole,
There is a singer in the palace,
And his name is. . . (Starling)
And what's that?
A house is built on a pole,
It sways in the wind.
In it neither night nor day
The door doesn't close.
(birdhouse)
Appendix 2
Bird Quiz
With the arrival of which birds do we begin the countdown to spring? (Rooks)
What birds build nests and hatch chicks in the coldest winter? (Crossbills)
What bird is called so as one cheerful dance? (Tap dance)
What birds say their names? (Jackdaw, cuckoo, pika)
What bird hatches an egg while it is hanging? (Penguin)
The motley fidget, the long-tailed bird, the talkative bird, the most talkative. (Magpie)
What bird sleeps during the day and flies at night? (Owl)
How can you tell the weather in winter by looking at sparrows?
Why is one of our tits called “grenadier”? (She has a crest)
What birds store food for the winter? (Jay, nutcracker, nuthatch, titmouse, etc.)
What birds winter and spend the night buried in the snow? (Grouse, hazel grouse, partridge)
What is more scary for birds - cold or hunger? (They're dying of hunger)
Why should you not touch eggs in nests with your hands? (The bird will abandon the nest, scared)
Who is born twice and dies once? (Fish, bird)
Appendix 3
Intellectual game "Bird's dining room"
The children are invited to place cardboard boxes with the names of what birds eat in front of the illustrations of birds.
Heron, crane (fish, frog, cranberry, beetles, snakes)
Seagull (fish, insects)
Owl (mice, rodents, small birds)
Bullfinch (tree seeds, berries - rowan, viburnum)
Woodpecker (beetles, acorns, ants, tree seeds)
Sparrows (bread crumbs, millet, berries)
Magpie (grain, insects, rodents)
Swallow (flies, mosquitoes, bugs)
Tit (fat, millet, grain)
Starling (cherry, worms, insects)
Rook (grain, larvae, worms)
Crossbill (insects, cone seeds)
Falcon (small animals, mice, birds)
Wood grouse (insects, berries, tree branches)
Relevance.
In modern conditions, the problem of environmental education of preschool children becomes particularly acute and relevant. It is during preschool childhood that the beginnings of ecological culture are formed. Therefore, it is very important to awaken children’s interest in living nature, cultivate a love for it, and teach them to take care of the world around them.
Winter time is not only about cheerful holidays, lively slides and desperate snowball fights, but also severe frosts with a piercing wind. During the cold season, wintering birds face vital questions: how to feed themselves. The available food is becoming significantly less, but the need for it is increasing. Sometimes natural food becomes practically unavailable, so many birds cannot survive the winter and die.
Our task is to introduce children to the birds wintering in our area, their species and characteristics; teach how to take care of birds and help them in the cold winter.
Project type: informational and creative.
Project type: group.
Duration: short.
Age: 6 - 7 years.
Participants: teacher, children and parents of the preparatory group.
Project stages
Stage 1 – preparatory
- discussion of goals and objectives by educators, children, parents;
- creating the necessary conditions for the implementation of the project;
- long-term project planning.
Stage 2 – main (practical)
- introduction into the educational process of methods and techniques to expand children’s knowledge about wintering birds;
- productive activity of children.
Stage 3 – final
- project presentation,
- report on the “Help the Birds!” campaign.
Project implementation
Stage 1
Target: expansion and enrichment of knowledge about wintering birds.
Tasks:
1. To consolidate children’s knowledge about wintering birds, about the role of humans in the life of wintering birds.
2. Contribute to the development of creative and intellectual abilities of students
3. Involve students and parents in helping birds in difficult winter conditions.
Expected Result:
1. Expanding children's horizons about wintering birds.
2. Improving the subject-development environment.
3. Active participation of children and parents in the exhibition “The Best Bird Feeder”
Stage 2
Basic (practical)
| Event | Tasks |
| Formation of a holistic picture of the world “Familiar Strangers”, reading B. Brecht “Winter Conversation through the Window” | Cultivate a caring attitude towards birds. To consolidate knowledge about the adaptation of birds to the winter period. Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships between natural phenomena and the life of birds. |
| Observation of sparrows. Reading S. Yesenin “Winter Sings and Calls” | Clarify children's ideas about the habits of sparrows, note what time of year they fly to the feeder, what food they prefer, how long they stay at the feeder. Invite children to check the correctness of the folk superstition: “If a sparrow is ruffled, it means frost, feathers are smoothed, it means warmth.” Discuss with the children why the sparrow sits in cold weather, ruffled. |
| Conversation "Bird's dining room" | Talk with children about the importance of their work feeding birds; learn to feel involved in all living things. Foster respect for birds and responsibility; encourage the desire to be useful and help birds in winter. |
| Work activity:feeding birds. | Invite those who wish to take responsibility for cleaning and filling the feeder, teach them to select food taking into account what birds fly to the site. Offer to explain why it is especially important to feed birds after heavy snowfall and ice. Encourage the desire to care for birds. |
| Work in the “Magic Plasticine” circle: “Birds on the branches” | Expand children's understanding of wintering birds and the role of humans in the lives of birds. Learn to convey your observations of living nature in artistic and visual activities, create pictures from thin plasticine flagella. Teach how to portray a bullfinch and a tit, convey the features of their appearance. Develop composition skills. |
| Construction: “Pigeons” (origami) | To instill in children a caring attitude towards birds. To consolidate children's knowledge about birds flying to the site. Make you want to make a dove using the origami technique. Strengthen children's ability to work with paper, fold a sheet in different directions. |
| Reading V. Bianchi “Bird Year: Winter”, M. N. Bogdanova “House Sparrow” | Introduce children to new literary works, continue to develop the ability to maintain a conversation based on the content of what they read, cultivate in children a love for the environment, and a desire to help birds. |
| Drawing “How we fed the birds” | To instill in children a caring attitude towards birds. To consolidate knowledge about the adaptation of birds to winter conditions. Develop independence in choosing visual media (colored pencils, paints, wax pencils). Develop compositional skills. |
| Board games: “Wintering Birds”, “Collect a Picture”, Lotto “Birds” | To consolidate the idea of wintering birds and their appearance. |
| Outdoor games: “Sparrows and a cat”, “Migration of birds”, “Birds in nests” | Develop an understanding of birds and their habits. Practice jumping on two legs. Develop coordination of movements and the ability to navigate on the site. |
| Didactic game “What is good and what is bad? | To instill in children a caring attitude towards birds, a desire to care for them and help them. |
Working with parents:
Release of leaflets, booklets: “Feed the birds in winter!”, “Help the birds”
Organization of the exhibition “The best bird feeder”.
Stage 3 - final
Presentation of project results in the form of a presentation,
Presentation of a report on the “Help the Birds!” campaign
Report on the event “Help the Birds!”
The action was attended by: children of the preparatory group, senior teacher Puzanova I.N., teacher Solovyova N.V., parents of students.
On the territory of the preschool educational institution, 14 feeders were hung, made by parents from various materials: wooden feeder houses, feeders made from boxes, from plastic bottles.
During the campaign, the following work was carried out:
- Daily feeding of birds;
- Observing their behavior;
- Using different feeds;
- Accounting for the number of birds and their species.
Tits were the first to begin mastering the feeders. At first they approached the feeders with caution and looked around for a long time, but gradually they got used to it and stopped being afraid of children. The sparrows flew in in a small flock. At the feeder they fight, scream, and argue over food. If tits flew to the feeder, the sparrows flew away, as if giving way to them. Bullfinches flew to the feeder. They behaved warily and flew away at the slightest approach of the children. Magpies and crows flew in alone and did not sit on the feeders. They collected food below, under the feeders. A flock of pigeons flew in. They collected food under feeding troughs, and sometimes approached the children at a distance of up to two meters. Waxwings flew to the site in the absence of children and did not sit on the feeders.
During the event the following people flew to the feeders:
- Tits – 30;
- Bullfinches – 4;
- Sparrows – 15;
- Crows – 11;
- Pigeons – 14;
- Waxwings – 13;
- Magpies - 7.
As a result of the work, the children learned:
- What types of birds remain to spend the winter in our area, and which ones fly to us for the winter;
- How to distinguish birds by color;
- What food do birds prefer?
The following conclusions were drawn:
- Birds become noticeable and more active as the weather warms up; the brighter the sun shines, the more birds there are on the street, the more active they are;
- Birds do not fly on windy days;
- As food, pigeons and sparrows prefer seeds, and tits prefer lard;
- Sparrows, pigeons, waxwings fly in flocks, tits in 3-4 groups, magpies, crows - alone;
- 7 species of birds visited the feeder;
- During the project, the birds have become accustomed to receiving food, so feeding must be continued.
Project type: informational and creative.
Project type: group.
Duration: short.
Age of participating children: 5-6 years.
Participants: teacher, children and parents of the group.
Relevance:
During the cold season, it is vitally important for wintering birds to feed themselves. The available food is becoming significantly less, but the need for it is increasing. Sometimes natural food becomes practically unavailable, so many birds cannot survive the winter and die.
After conducting a diagnostic conversation and offering children demonstration material (cards with images of wintering birds), it was possible to establish that of the 22 students surveyed, less than half of the group (10 children) recognized and correctly named almost all the birds presented; every third (8 children) was able to recognize and confidently name 6 birds, and every eighth (4 children) could remember and name only 4 birds. It follows from this that children have little experience in observing birds in nature. The majority of children surveyed do not have the skills to help birds in winter.
Target: expansion and enrichment of knowledge about wintering birds.
Tasks:
1. To consolidate children’s knowledge about wintering birds, about the role of humans in the life of wintering birds.
2. Replenish the group’s development environment with materials and equipment related to the project topic.
3.Cultivate a desire to help birds in difficult times.
Preparatory stage
— Determining the level of children’s knowledge about wintering birds.
— Questionnaire of parents.
— Defining the project theme, objectives, strategies and mechanisms.
— Selection of necessary literature on this topic.
Main stage.
Interaction with children.
1 Week.
Task: consolidate children's knowledge about wintering birds, about the role of humans in the life of wintering birds.
Monday - conversation “What do you know about birds?”
Tuesday - didactic games “Birds at feeders”, “What kind of birds you don’t see in winter.”
Goal: To clarify children’s knowledge about the habitat features of wintering birds (what they eat).
Rice. 1. Wintering birds.
Reading fiction: V. Zvyagina “Sparrow”, S. A. Yesenin “Winter Sings, Calls”, T. Evdoshenko “Take Care of the Birds”, Y. Nikonova “Winter Guests”.
Looking at images of wintering birds in illustrations in books and magazines.
Wednesday - Guessing riddles about wintering birds.
| Breast brighter than the dawn Who?.. At the bullfinch's. | I will visit everyone in a day, I will destroy everything I know. Magpie. |
| The back is greenish, The belly is yellowish, Little black cap And a strip of scarf. Tit. | In a gray feather coat, And in the cold he is a hero, Call him quickly Who's jumping there? Sparrow. |
| Like a fox among animals, This bird is the smartest of all, Hiding in the frosty crowns, And her name is... Crow. | These birds with a crest, Very bright, too. They flew to the rowan tree, These birds... Waxwings. |
| Look at the balcony: He's been cooing here since the morning. This bird is a postman Any route will fly. Pigeon. | Above the beetle and bark beetle He always wins. Through the trees here and there: Who is a true friend for the forest? Woodpecker. |
Drawing “Bullfinches on a rowan branch”
Target. Learn to convey the appearance of bullfinches.
Thursday — making hats and masks with images of birds for outdoor games.
Rice. 2. Magpie mask.
Friday - didactic games “The fourth odd one”, “One - many”.
Week 2.
Task: replenish the developmental environment of the group room with materials and equipment on the topic of the project.
Monday – add a selection of literature about birds to the book corner.
Tuesday - memorizing the poem “Sparrow” by N. Rubtsov.
Wednesday — album design: “Wintering Birds.”
Thursday — designing a card index of riddles and poems about birds.
— keeping a diary of observations of birds arriving at the feeder (daily).
Rice. 3. Winter bird watching calendar. 1 - senior; 2 – preparatory group.
Friday — design of the “Wintering Birds” poster.
Week 3.
Task: cultivate a desire to help birds in difficult times.
Monday - conversation “It’s difficult for birds to winter.”
Tuesday - memorization of poems by A. Prokofiev “Bullfinches”, A. Barto “Waxwings”, tongue twisters, rhymes about birds.
Wednesday - drawing "My favorite bird."
Friday - reading thin literature: L. Voronkova “Bird feeders”, V. Sukhomlinsky “How a titmouse wakes me up”, O. Grigorieva “Tit”, A. Yashin “Feed the birds in winter”;
— preparation of food for birds;
— outdoor games “Migration of birds”, “Birds in nests”, “Owl - owl”;
Interaction with parents
1 Week.
Monday – design of the “Wintering Birds” screen.
Week 2.
Consultations – "Feed the birds in winter" « They stayed for the winter, we will help them.”
The final stage.
Interaction with parents
Crafts competition-“Making bird feeders”
Photo 1. Birds at the feeder.
Interaction with children.
Quiz “Who knows more about birds?”
Target: consolidate knowledge about wintering birds and the ability to distinguish them.
Expected Result:
Children have developed a system of knowledge about wintering birds;
— the necessary conditions have been created in the group to form a holistic understanding of the life of wintering birds.
The children developed a desire to help birds in the winter season.
Broadcast of the project:
Speech with a message from work experience on the pedagogical council of a preschool educational institution.
Project prospects: In the future I plan to develop a spring project “Birds of Migratory”.
Scenario for the holiday “Titmouse Day” with children 5-6 years old
Tasks:
- support and stimulate children’s attempts to independently understand the world around them, establishing connections between its objects;
- continue to teach children to take care of the birds that live next to us;
- use environmental knowledge and practical experience in productive activities.
Materials and equipment: laptop, projector, screen, audio recording of the songs “How beautiful this world is” (lyrics by V. Kharitonov, music by D. Tukhmanov), “Three titmice were dancing” (lyrics by A. Barto, Czech folk melody, arrangement by M. Rauchwerger), easel, pictures of wintering and migratory birds, feeder, birdhouse, sunflower seeds, boiled rice, pork fat, crackers, raw oatmeal, nuts, dried fruits, cheese, spoon, plastic trays and containers, apron.
Activating the dictionary: wintering birds, “Titmouse Day”, ingredients, sunflower seeds, oatmeal, rice, container, dried fruits.
Progress of the event
Soundsaudio recordingsongs "How beautiful this world is." The music hall is decorated with drawings depicting wintering birds, posters on the theme “Take care of the birds”, “More tits in the gardens - fewer damaged apples”.
Educator. Hello guys. It was not for nothing that we included the song “How beautiful this world is, look!” It is she who calls us to stop and look around. Yes, it is truly a beautiful world, full of wonders and mysteries. Every day we encounter its secrets. Sometimes, in a hurry, we pass by without noticing them. Sometimes we accidentally try to guess some mystery of nature.
An incredibly amazing world of nature is the world of birds. Birds inhabit all corners of our planet. They delight us with beautiful singing and varied plumage. Without birdsong the world would be boring.
The song “Three Tits Danced” is performed, lyrics by A. Barto, Czech folk melody, arrangement by M. Rauchwerger.
Educator. So the golden autumn has died down, the crowns of the trees have thinned. They threw off their colorful outfit of foliage. September was filled with falling leaves, October was noisy with rain, and November greeted us with the first frosts.
And as soon as it got colder outside, many birds began to fuss, as if someone had frightened them. Why is this happening?
There are different types of birds:
Some people are afraid of blizzards
And they fly away for the winter
To the good, warm south.
Others are a different people:
In the frost they circle over the forest,
For them, separation from their homeland
Worse than a severe cold.
To their ruffled feathers
Snowflakes don't stick,
They are also under the powders
They frolic to warm up.
K. Muhammadi
The children answer.
Educator. Yes, some birds flew to warmer climes, while others, on the contrary, flew to us for the winter. Now we will check if you know wintering and migratory birds.
The game “Find the wintering birds” is being played..
The teacher invites the children to choose a picture of a bird.
Educator. And now you will turn into a flock of birds. According to a conventional musical sound, wintering birds should gather in one flock, and migratory birds - in another. Then each flock looks to see if there are any strangers in their ranks.
The game is repeated with the exchange of cards.
Rice. 4. Cards for the game.
Educator. Do you guys know that for a long time in Rus' November 12th was celebrated? Titmouse's day- the day of meeting of wintering birds. For a long time, people prepared feeders for this day, read poems about birds, asked riddles, played and simply admired the winter birds. Why is this day called “Titmouse Day”? Yes, because people said that “the titmouse is God’s bird for Rus'.” Previously, in the old days they used to tell fortunes about it: they threw crumbs of bread, pieces of lard and observed: if the titmouse first begins to peck lard, then there will be livestock in the house; if it begins to peck at crumbs of bread, then there will be prosperity in the house. People used to say, “The titmouse is a small bird, but it knows its holiday.” What other signs associated with birds do you know?
The children answer.
Educator. Not only the titmouse bird stays with us for the winter, but other birds also wait out the winter cold in our forests and parks. How can we help birds in winter?
The children answer that they can make feeders, bring food, and feed the birds.
Educator. Yes, our task is to prevent birds from starving to death in winter, make feeders for them and feed them daily. Feathered friends bring benefits, but how many of you know what?
Pre-prepared children take turns speaking
1 child. Woodpeckers, starlings and tits destroy a huge number of insects. A tit eats as many insects per day as it weighs.
2nd child. A family of starlings destroys 350 caterpillars, beetles and snails per day.
3 child. A family of swallows contains about a million different harmful insects over the summer.
4 child. The rook destroys up to 400 worms and plant pests per day.
5 child. Birds peck the seeds and fruits of weeds and reduce the contamination of the area.
6 child. Many birds are orderlies and contribute to the improvement of the area.
Educator. And we must do everything to ensure that our feathered friends constantly feel our care.
Educator. The kids and their parents made feeders, let's take a look at them.
Adults and children show feeders and tell how they were made.
Photo 2. Bird feeders.
Educator. Now a fun task awaits you. Count how many birds have flown in at this hour?
We made a feeder
We opened a canteen.
Nuthatch, forest neighbor,
There will be lunch for you in winter.
Visit on the first day of the week.
The titmice flew to us.
And on Tuesday, look,
The bullfinches have arrived.
Three crows were on Wednesday.
We weren't expecting them for lunch,
And on Thursday from all over the world -
A flock of greedy sparrows.
On Friday in our dining room
The pigeon was enjoying porridge.
And on Saturday for pie.
Seven forty flew in.
Z. Aleksandrova “New dining room”
I suggest you simulate this problem. Select pictures of birds in the required quantity and place them in the feeder.
A model of a feeder and pictures of birds are demonstrated. Children attach pictures of birds to the feeder using magnets.
Rice. 6. Feeder model.
Educator. Count how many nuthatches, tits, sparrows, pigeons, magpies flew to our feeder? Answer the questions:
1. Which birds were the first to fly to the feeder?
2. On what day of the week did the crows fly?
3. How many crows flew in?
4. What did the pigeon feast on at the feeder?
5. What did the magpies treat themselves to?
6. How many forty were there at the feeder?
Well done, you completed this task!
Educator. Since today is Sinichkin’s holiday, the birthday girls need to prepare a treat. What is the main treat on the holiday table?
Children offer different answers.
Photo 3. Treats for birds.
Educator. I suggest you make a cake for the tits. Our cake will have three layers, and a group will work on each layer. Form into three groups and approach the table. On the table are the ingredients you will need to make the cake.
Assignment to the first group. You will need to prepare the largest layer of cake. The main ingredients of this layer are melted lard, breadcrumbs and sunflower seeds. Your task is to mix all the ingredients and place them in a large container.
Assignment to the second group. You will have to prepare the middle layer of the cake. Ingredients: boiled rice, peeled unsalted nuts, cheese. Mix everything and place in a medium container.
Assignment to the third group. You will cook the very top layer - it is the smallest. Ingredients: soaked oatmeal, dried fruits. Mix everything and place in a small container.
Children complete the task.
Educator. The cakes are ready. Now they need to be placed in the refrigerator for a while to harden. In the meantime, we’ll have a rest, we’ll hold a quiz and sing!
The quiz “What do we know about birds” is being held.
The adult asks questions, the children answer. The participant who gives the most correct answers wins.
Questions for the quiz:
1. What is the largest bird on earth?
2. Which bird is the smallest on earth?
3. What birds cannot fly?
4. What birds dance in the swamps?
5. Chicks, what bird doesn’t know its mother?
6. What bird is called the “forest doctor”?
7. What bird is called the “forest orderly”?
The game "Bird Concert" is played.
Each group of three children is given the name of a bird and asked to demonstrate in chorus how these birds sing:
Sparrows - chirp - chirp.
Tits - ting - ting.
Crow - car - car.
Woodpecker - trrr - trrr.
Bullfinch - du - du - du.
Crossbill - clack - clack - clack.
Waxwing - tyur - tyr - tyr.
Educator. The cakes are ready, now let's build a three-layer cake and decorate it festively with dried fruits and candied fruits.
Children take out the frozen cakes, stack them one on top of the other like a pyramid and decorate them.
Photo 4. Cake for birds.
Educator. Now our cake is ready. Guys, let's remember that in winter our feathered friends get cold and hungry. Out of 10 tits, only one survives until spring. And our task is to prevent our wintering friends from dying of hunger in the winter. And here the titmouse has arrived.
Tit(pre-prepared child).
The winter day is getting shorter and shorter.
You won't have time to have lunch,
The sun will set behind the fence.
Not a mosquito, not a fly
There is just snow and snow everywhere.
It's good that we have feeders
Made by a kind person.
Yu. Sinitsyn
Educator. Guys, here's a family assignment for you. Hang bird feeders in your yard and feed your birds in the winter. And now, when you all get dressed, we will go outside and hang feeders in the area. When you pour food into them, say: “Bird, bird, here are the crumbs from my palm.” At the end of our meeting, I want to give each participant the booklets “What Birds Love” and “How to Feed Birds.” Pass them on to your friends, acquaintances, and neighbors. Once you start feeding your birds regularly, they will become your regular guests!
Feed the birds in winter
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home
Flocks on the porch.
