You know that the main worker in our language is the word. Sentences are built from words. Our speech consists of words and sentences. Conversations, stories, questions, arguments, advice, even the songs you sing and listen to - that's all speech. Speech conveys our thoughts. By communicating with each other and using language, you perform a speech act.
Talking and listening is oral speech. In ancient times, the mouth and lips were called mouths, which is how the word “oral” appeared, i.e. what is pronounced sounds. The guys also write and read - this written language, the one that is written and read. Oral speech is conveyed by sounds, written speech by signs.
What is necessary for writing? Know letters and be able to read and write words and sentences.
What is needed for oral speech? Understand the meaning of words and be able to tell stories using sentences.
Why do we need speech? Imagine a little man who cannot talk, listen, read, or write. There are no books, notebooks, computer, friends, or classmates in his life. Is it interesting to live like this? Do you want to be in his place? I think it's unlikely. Living like this is boring and uninteresting.
A person’s speech “grows” and “matures” with him. The more words a person knows, the more accurately and vividly he expresses his thoughts, the more pleasant it is for people around him to communicate with him, so it is necessary to get acquainted with new words, their meaning, learn the rules and laws by which correct and beautiful speech is built.
In distant, distant times, people did not know how to write and read. But they knew how to compose beautiful songs, fairy tales, and riddles. And some of them have survived to this day. How did they do it? People retold them.
In the old days, people passed on all information by word of mouth. From grandparents to children, from children to grandchildren, and so on from generation to generation.
Read the folk wisdom:
“Good speech is good to listen to.”
“Friendly words will not dry your tongue.”
“Let any other word fall on deaf ears.”
“Think first, and then say.”
“The field is red with millet, but the conversation is with the mind.”
What did our ancestors value? First of all, speech is literate and intelligent. In our language there are words with which you can give speech characteristics person: loudmouth, silent, idle talker, joker, grumbler, arguer, chatterbox. What you will be called will depend on your oral speech.
This is how teachers would like to hear their students speak.
Speech should be clear, thoughtful, rich, cultured, literate, free, correct, pleasant, and intelligible.
Did you know that in Ancient Greece and there were even oratory competitions held in Rome? An orator is one who gives a speech, as well as a person who masters the art of making speeches.
The art of oratory has always interested people and aroused admiration and admiration. The speaker was seen as having a special power that could convince of something with the help of words. The speaker was supposed to have mysterious qualities that do not exist in an ordinary person. That is why orators became government leaders, great scientists, sages and heroes.
Some peoples even had gods and goddesses of eloquence, persuasion, and debate who were worshiped.
The art of speech was studied in schools, in families, independently. What did you learn in those distant times?
First of all, we learned to speak and write only what leads to virtue and happiness of people, not to talk nonsense, not to deceive. In addition, they were taught to collect and accumulate knowledge. They taught that speech should be clear and expressive. Finally, it was necessary to master the art of calligraphy - beautiful and clear writing - and mastery of your voice - its intonations, pauses, voice strength, tempo. Do you think it’s worth learning the same thing in our modern times? Certainly.
What kind of speech do these rules apply to? To oral. How to develop written speech? In Russian language lessons, you need to learn how to correctly compose and write sentences, and collect texts and stories from them. Learn to sign greeting cards, sms messages to mobile phone. But always remember: other people will read your written speech, so it needs to be corrected, that is, corrected and improved.
On our huge planet Earth, only we, people, have been given a great gift - the ability to speak, to communicate with each other using words. It is important to use this gift only for the benefit of others and yourself. Try to be interesting interlocutors, good listeners, active readers. Language is what a person knows, speech is what a person can do. Improve your speech - oral and written.
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Competent business speech is an integral attribute of modern successful person. In serious companies, candidates with low literacy are rejected at the resume stage. Good command of the Russian language for a successful career is no less important than knowledge of a foreign language. You need to have knowledge of exactly how to communicate with clients, colleagues and competitors in order to constantly remain in demand and bring to life best ideas and dreams. Of course, the topic of improving Russian language literacy is very relevant and deserves the closest attention.
The purpose of the seminar: to improve the skills of competent written and oral speech in professional activities. The seminar teaches not only competent written speech, but also oral language. Students will understand the most common spelling, punctuation and stylistic errors in speech.
Audience: the seminar will be useful to all adults who want to speak and write any texts competently, beautifully and correctly.
Seminar program “Competent written and oral speech: improving literacy”
Typology functional styles in Russian and their general characteristics. Official business style, its varieties and features. Vocabulary, morphology and syntax in written and oral business speech.
The concept of speech culture and language norms. Common mistakes associated with ignorance of the meanings of words: violation of lexical compatibility, speech redundancy, speech failure, etc. Specifics of the use of colloquial vocabulary in professional activities. The language of “Internet communication” and the danger of its use in business speech. Are there any alternatives?
Uppercase and lowercase letters when addressing. Uppercase and lowercase letters in the names of government and management bodies; in the names of legislative, regulatory and legal acts; units of administrative-territorial division; in the names of holidays and major memorable dates.
Spelling of lexical abbreviations and graphic abbreviations. Gender and declension of abbreviations. Rules for the use of abbreviations and graphic abbreviations in the texts of official documents.
Features of the use of prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs. Constructions with prepositions “in”, “by”, “with”, etc. Genitive and accusative case in case of denial. Difficult plural forms of nouns. The only and plural predicate. Features of the use and declension of numerals.
Spelling Not And neither with words different parts speech. Spelling adverbs. Spelling n And nn in words of different parts of speech.
Simple and complex sentences. Errors when constructing complex sentences. Colon and dash in non-union complex sentences. Punctuation in constructions with compound subordinating conjunctions. Punctuation in phrases with non-primitive prepositions. Punctuation when introductory words and phrases. Punctuation for homogeneous sentence parts. Errors in combinations of homogeneous sentence members.
Tuition fees
| Services | Full participation package | Economy participation package |
|---|---|---|
| Participation in the seminar | X | X |
| Opportunity individual consultation | X | |
| Providing food (coffee, lunch) | X | |
| Providing a participant kit | X | X |
| Author's methodological handouts | X | |
| Certificate of completion of training | X | X |
| Post-training support for six months | X | |
| Possibility of participation under a letter of guarantee with postpayment | X | |
| Tuition fees for legal entities | 9000 | 7900 |
| Tuition fees for individuals | 7500 | 6000 |
- with the participation of two or more employees from one organization;
- with the participation of representatives of universities, government organizations and government bodies;
- for individuals (pay for tuition at your own expense).
Greetings, dear friends! Pavel Yamb is in touch. Despite the fact that, according to statistics, Russia is one of the most literate countries in the world, since almost all of its citizens can read and write, I very often come across words such as “cute”, “birthday” or “birthday”, etc. .
Do you agree that well-written articles are more pleasant to read than text riddled with errors? It seems that at school everyone had lessons in Russian literature and language, but most, it seems, either lost the acquired skills or did not listen to the teacher at all. So how can you refresh your memory? How to “raise” the literacy of a great, powerful adult? After all, competent people achieve success faster!
Let's first take a sober look at the situation, at what level our literacy is. Not happy? Let's begin to enrich our knowledge.
What and how to read?
One of the ways to become a Russian language guru, which we are constantly advised, is to read more. On the one hand, it’s correct: when you read a lot, you remember more words and know how to spell them. But not all literature is equally useful. Most best option for useful reading, this is a classic. A lot of interesting works were not included in school curriculum, we read some in an abbreviated “demo” version, and others we forgot, so pleasant emotions are guaranteed. For example, from textbooks, the only thing I remember is “The Master and Margarita”.
There is such a technique as spelling reading. Its principle is that children are taught to read as it is written, and not as is commonly spoken. Special attention pay attention to long and complex words that are pronounced syllable by syllable. In this case, auditory memory is connected to visual memory. This is how we quickly remember how words are written. Then, using the “like-dislike” method, you can intuitively determine how an unfamiliar word is spelled.
As you read, you will get a feel for the style, see the compatibility of words, and vocabulary expand. What if not reading contributes to this?!
A reference book? Dictionary!
Increasing literacy levels is not a matter of one day or even a few months. If you decide to thoroughly improve your literacy, then your reference book should be a Russian language dictionary. If you have the slightest uncertainty about the correct spelling, you should contact it. Have you come across an unfamiliar word? Also open a dictionary, find out the meaning and how to write. Another good way replenish your vocabulary.
Don't be afraid that large volumes will fill the room. After all, electronic versions of all dictionaries are freely available on the Internet. Here, dic.academic.ru.
U modern people It is also possible to improve literacy online using special resources. For example, there is such a useful service - Gramota.ru, with explanations, rules, reference materials. We go to the site, type a questionable word in the line, press Enter - and the correct answer is before our eyes. Comfortable! And this is not the only site of this kind.
Pay attention to such resources as:
- “Total dictation” – a complete online school, everything is free;
- "True Words"– courses on native speech for children of primary and high school, linguistic games, online Olympiads. The service is paid, but you can try the free option;
- "I can write"– Russian language lessons, paid and free courses, webinars, textbooks, tests;
- "Education in Russian"– free interactive textbooks, online platforms for learning Russian as a foreign language;
- “Write more vividly” – free course, which will help rid your texts of verbal garbage;
- "textologia.ru"– online magazine about Russian language and literature.
Let's play and improve literacy
You can learn literacy easily and playfully. Do you like to solve crosswords? Wonderful! This means you learn new words and remember how they are written. Word puzzles, tests, anagrams, charades, and rebuses also perfectly develop our intellectual abilities.
If on our own can't achieve it good results, attend literacy classes. With the help of specialists, things will go much faster. Such courses are also available online.
There are also assistance services for improving literacy, for example, Tutoronline.ru. Leave a request and study with a Russian language or literature tutor via Skype.
Compliance with Russian language requirements is mandatory by default in any field. So, we remember or learn the rules. In the case where the work is checked before sending, why not ask him to report every violation of language norms? If you learn the rule, you will improve your literacy. If you do this all the time, you will be able to compete with the inspector.
But not everyone has a colleague who is a proofreader. Then your salvation is textbooks. Don't be lazy, open them more often, read the rules yourself!
Today - dictation
In my opinion this is best way improving literacy in as soon as possible. You don’t even need assistants: there are enough interactive dictations on the Internet to insert missing punctuation marks and spelling marks. The benefit is double: interesting and educational.
Write!
Write every day, this way you will increase your literacy level in the near future and develop the skill of recognizing mistakes at the level of intuition. Constantly, a lot, interesting! Not everyone can boast of innate literacy; you will have to work hard to get such useful advantage. The more we write, the fewer mistakes we make. Tested in practice!
There is another way to improve language skills like calligraphy. Calligraphic handwriting develops concentration, helps to fix a phrase in memory and even remember the rule! Write slowly - this method also works when typing on a computer. Think, and not rush at full speed.
Interestingly, the initial misspelling is etched in the memory. A persistent skill in writing with errors appears. To get rid of it, you will have to spell the word correctly at least a hundred times. After about a hundred repetitions at one time, I stopped writing “Hello” - I constantly missed the letter “v” at the skill level.
You know, even without being super literate, you can make good money. The higher your knowledge of the language, the higher your earnings.
Audiobooks
Are you familiar with the expression “it’s asking for a comma”? The logic of presentation and the rhythm of the sentence suggest that a punctuation mark is needed here. To feel this rhythm, listen to audio books and pay attention to the spoken phrases. This way you will learn to determine where a comma is needed.
Situations that are out of the ordinary
Unfortunately, or fortunately, the Russian language is actually very flexible. If you find an error in a customer's keyword, do not rush to correct it. It is quite possible that this is a special requirement, that is, it should be so. The reason is simple. Most Internet users type search queries incorrectly. When the number of queries with errors increases noticeably, some webmasters use such words as keywords.
Some statistics
Statistics show that the Russian language consists of approximately 500,000 words. But in everyday life we only use about 3000.
According to textologia.ru, a schoolchild’s vocabulary is 2000–5000 words, an adult speaks 5000–8000 thousand, an adult who has received higher education has about 10,000 in reserve, and 50,000 are available to the erudite.
So, let’s summarize how to quickly increase your literacy level:
- Read a lot, especially classical literature.
- Check the dictionary often, both in volumes and online.
- Let online resources like Gramota.ru become your friends.
- Solve crosswords, charades, puzzles.
- If you can’t achieve results on your own, work with a tutor.
- Take literacy classes.
- Write.
- Listen to audiobooks!
Bye to you. Pavel Yamb was with you. Be literate, write comments to this article without errors :)
P.s. What words did you have problems with?
And here is a cool tip on our topic today:
Competent oral speech will greatly help you in life when speaking in public or in personal conversation, when finding a job and defending your diploma. Poor vocabulary and difficulties in expressing thoughts coherently, on the contrary, can do a disservice.
Any skill, like the skill of competent conversation, can be acquired. Reading quality literature helps with this. You should not rely on reading material consisting of ephemeral books. Their authors, at times, themselves suffer from illiteracy. You should focus on reading the classics, on the works of the world's best authors.
Retelling books or films that have sunk into the soul helps to acquire speech literacy. Try to make the retelling detailed and watch those listening to you so that they do not get bored. If this suddenly happened, it means you failed to convey to them your impressions of the film. Perhaps the listener is confused by the personal pronouns with which you are trying to make a point. He no longer understands who “he” or “she” is and why there are so many of them.
Extra words that clog speech need to be removed from use. They don't make any sense and don't carry any meaning. useful information. Examples of such words and expressions are the tautology: “minute of time”, “raise up”, “not the month of May”. After all, May cannot be an hour or a year, so why use the extra word “month” next to it?
Tautology is an unnecessary repetition of words that are close in meaning or have the same root. Vivid examples of tautology: “ask a question” and “oil”. Try not to use such expressions. Watch the speech of TV presenters, politicians or your closest friends. Analyze their mistakes, try to find a replacement for their unsuccessful turns. Then it will become easier for you to catch speech incidents in your conversation.
Try to avoid words whose meaning is unclear to you. Otherwise, you will be like Shchukar, who believed that a modest girl is called a “lampshade,” and a girl easy virtue called a "border". Excellent for enriching the vocabulary of foreign words and explanatory dictionary Russian language. But don't forget about the correct emphasis in words!
Slang, both professional and youth, is not always appropriate. If it is acceptable at work or among friends, then it is hardly worth using in official conversations.
Constantly monitor your speech, and then it will gradually become beautiful and competent.
Competent speech will never go out of style. People are always pleased to deal with someone who not only shines inner beauty, but also knows how to most accurately give his thoughts a speech form. Moreover, a perfectly delivered one is not something like a gift of nature. It can and should be developed.
Competent oral and written communication
Each language has a unique wealth that is specific to it and it would be a shame not to take advantage of it. This is especially true for a person’s native language. When you hear competent speech or have a perfectly formatted text in front of your eyes, without a single mistake, you immediately form a positive impression of the author or interlocutor.
Developing a culture of written and oral speech is everyone’s responsibility. And this happens every day in the process of communication and learning. It’s not for nothing that they say that with smart person It’s not that it’s nice to talk, but it’s also nice to just be silent.
Criteria for competent speech
If we move on to a more detailed consideration of this concept, it should be noted that speech culture means:
- the relevance of what was said;
- literacy of written or spoken information;
- accessibility in understanding the interlocutor’s phrases, clarity;
- wealth, which consists in the use of various epithets, phraseological units, metaphors, etc.;
- variety, absence of tautology, unnecessary repetitions that pollute the meaning of what was said;
- aesthetics.
Lack of literate speech skills
All these errors significantly hurt the ear and carry absolutely no valuable information about the speaker and do not create the image of a literate speaker.
How to develop competent speech?
The quality of literate speech must be improved daily and brought to perfection. After all, even if a person is intellectually developed, well-read, has a deep inner world, but, alas, is not able to express himself clearly, then only he will know what he says.
Thus, the development of competent speech requires the implementation of several simple rules:
